热熔挤出技术制备穿心莲提取物固体分散体

目的:采用热熔挤出技术(HME)制备穿心莲提取物的固体分散体,并对其进行体外评价。方法:以穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量为指标,采用单因素试验,分别对亲水性载体种类、穿心莲提取物与载体用量比例进行筛选,确定最优穿心莲提取物热熔挤出固体分散体的制备方法,并对形成的固体分散体进行体外溶出度试验和差式扫描量热分析、电镜扫描、X-射线衍射等物相鉴别。结果:穿心莲提取物热熔挤出固体分散体的最优制备工艺为:以Soluplus为载体,穿心莲提取物∶Soluplus=1∶2(m/m)混合,热熔挤出区段升温程序为130→135→140→130℃,螺杆转速为27 r/min,加料速度为15 g/min。物相鉴别试验显示穿心莲提取物在热熔挤出分散体中以无定形态分散。结论:HME能使穿心莲提取物以无定形状态分散,提高穿心莲提取物的溶解度。     

含功能性油的水飞蓟宾超饱和自纳米乳的制备与体外评价

目的制备含功能性油的水飞蓟宾超饱和自纳米乳(SLB-S-SNEDDS),并对其进行表征及体外评价研究,以提高难溶性药物水飞蓟宾的生物利用度。方法铁氢化钾还原力与1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)自由基清除实验筛选功能性油脂;伪三元相图考察乳化剂乳化能力;测定粒径、多分散指数(PDI)、Zeta电位等考察混合油相比例与载药量;相容性与溶出度实验筛选促过饱和物质并考察其质量浓度;从外观、粒径分布、自乳化效率、形态学等方面表征SLB-S-SNEDDS,并进行溶出度、抗氧化能力、细胞毒性等体外评价。结果所得SLB-S-SNEDDS处方为(1)小麦胚芽油/Capryol 90-Cremophor ELP-Transcutol HP与(2)沙棘籽油/Capryol 90-Cremophor ELP-Transcutol HP,1 g基质(包含0.043 g小麦胚芽油或沙棘籽油、0.387 g Capryol 90、0.380 g Cremophor ELP、0.190 g Transcutol HP),水飞蓟宾的添加量为各组分平衡溶解度之和的20%,Soluplus的添加量为上述总质量的0.1%。小麦胚芽油、沙棘籽油体系分别为淡黄色、亮黄色透明状均一液体,2种体系自乳化分散后均呈近球形白色扁平乳滴,粒径约为50 nm,乳化时间均为65 s。与药物原料及SLB-SNEDDS相比,SLB-S-SNEDDS中水飞蓟宾的累积溶出率8h内均维持在85%～110%,表明该体系能够显著提高药物的溶出度。SLB-S-SNEDDS与铁氰化钾反应后的吸光度(A值0.452～0.782,0.488～0.765)以及DPPH自由基清除率(39.09%～96.02%,30.54%～89.20%)均高于相应质量浓度下水飞蓟宾原料的A值与清除率(0.411～0.760,22.89%～63.21%),表明2种处方体系均能提高水飞蓟宾的抗氧化能力。细胞毒性实验结果显示,在5、10μmol/L药物浓度下,水飞蓟宾原料组、水飞蓟宾S-SNEDDS组及其相应的空白S-SNEDDS组细胞生存率均90%,说明SLB-S-SNEDDS及其所用辅料对人克隆结肠腺癌细胞(Caco-2)毒性较小、安全性较好。结论制备的含功能性油SLB-S-SNEDDS在提高水飞蓟宾累积溶出率的同时,增强了其抗氧化能力,为将超饱和自纳米乳(S-SNEDDS)用于改善难溶性药物水溶性及其生物活性提供有益参考。     

Effect of Soluplus on the supersaturation and absorption of tacrolimus formulated as inclusion complex with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin

The application of tacrolimus (FK506) is hampered by its poor solubility and dissolution, which can be promoted by the use of inclusion complex. However, in supersaturated environment, crystallization of the drug inclusion complex may occur, leading to reduced absorption in vivo. In this study, Soluplus, an amphiphilic copolymer of polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol, was used to improve the supersaturated stability and absorption of FK506. Using dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), the inclusion complex (FK506-CD) was prepared, which showed favorable dissolution profiles. But in supersaturated condition, the drug concentration was rapidly decreased, with 10.64?±?0.69?μg/ml of FK506 at 12?h. Ternary complex (FK506-SCD) containing Soluplus contributed steadier drug concentration. The FK506-SCD with 1.2% Soluplus best promoted the supersaturated stability of the inclusion complex, with 62.90?±?3.34?μg/ml of FK506 at 12?h. Soluplus also reduced the crystallization and degradation of FK506 in the stress test. In the single-pass intestinal perfusion test, the absorption of FK506 in the ileum and colon was significantly increased. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the bioavailability of FK506-SCD was 2.34-fold that of FK506-CD. Our data suggested that Soluplus had an excellent capability in improving the supersaturated stability and in vivo absorption of FK506 inclusion complex.     

伊曲康唑无定型固体分散体的制备及体外评价

采用热熔挤出(HME)技术制备难溶性药物伊曲康唑(ITZ)无定型固体分散体并和原研药(RLD)作比较,为进一步的制剂研究提供基础。根据药物和载体的溶解度参数(δ),玻璃态转化温度(T_g),选择Soluplus,Kollidon VA64,HPMCAS和Eudragit EPO 4种载体。利用差示扫描量热法(MT-DSC)进行载体初步筛选,并运用HME技术成功制备基于这4种载体的伊曲康唑无定形固体分散体。通过MT-DSC、偏振光显微镜(PLM)、X射线衍射光谱(XRPD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对固体分散体的物理状态进行表征,探究药物与辅料的相互作用以及固体分散体的无定型状态。以体外溶出度和动力学溶解度为指标进一步考察4种载体及30%和50%两种载药量对体外溶出度的影响。结果显示,ITZ与Soluplus(3∶7)混合,在170 ℃下通过HME得到的固体分散体能显著提高溶出度,并且在40 ℃,75% 相对湿度条件下放置30 d未发生重结晶现象。MT-DSC等表征证实ITZ以无定型态与Soluplus达到分子层面互溶可能是其溶出度增加的主要因素。本研究为固体分散体的制备及理论研究提供了基础。     

Extruded Soluplus/SIM as an oral delivery system: characterization,interactions, in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Abstract

The aim of this study was to obtain a stable, amorphous solid dispersion (SD) with Soluplus, prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) as an effective and stable oral delivery system to improve the physical stability and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble simvastatin (SIM), a drug with relatively low Tg. The drug was proved to be miscible with Soluplus by calculation and measurements. The solubility, dissolution, thermal characteristics, interactions and physical stability of the SIM/Soluplus SDs were investigated. The crystal state of simvastatin in the SD was found to change from crystalline to amorphous form during the HME process and also hydrogen bonds were observed between SIM and the extruded Soluplus. The phase solubility showed the solubilization effect of Soluplus was strong and spontaneous. The equilibrium solubility illustrated that Soluplus/SIM SDs gained much higher solubility than its corresponding physical mixtures (PMs). Both of the dissolution profiles and in-vivo performance showed that the SIM/Soluplus SD obtained a marked enhancement, compared with the PM. There was a little change in the SIM/Soluplus SD during a 3-month storage period (40?°C, 75%), indicating the good physicochemical stability. The extruded Soluplus system prepared by HME is a good alternative for the water-insoluble SIM to improve the stability and bioavailability.     

Development and characterization of octreotide-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles for potential treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

We prepared octreotide (OCT)-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles to enhance active targeting and inhibit tumor metastasis by destroying vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. Soluplus was applied as an amphiphilic material to form micelles via film dispersion. The cytotoxic effects, active cellular targeting, and inhibitory effects on metastasis were systematically evaluated in vitro using A549 cells, and in vivo antitumor effects were evaluated using xenograft tumor-bearing mice. In vitro assays indicated that the OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles showed robust cytotoxicity on A549 cells and effectively inhibited VM channels and tumor metastasis. Studying the mechanism of action indicated that OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles downregulated MMP-2 and HIF-1α. In vivo assays indicated that OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles increased drug accumulation at tumor sites and showed obvious antitumor efficacy. The developed OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles may offer a promising treatment strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer.     

复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体的制备及评价

目的：制备复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体,提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法：采用溶剂法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP VA64）和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物（Soluplus）为复合载体,制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,以累积溶出度为评价指标,考察不同载体比例,药物与载体比例,筛选最佳工艺。通过差式扫描量热法（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、粉末X 射线衍射（XRPD）等技术手段对其表征,并考察其溶出度。结果：Soluplus和PVP VA64复合载体比例为3∶2,药物与载体比例为1∶7,制备固体分散体,在45 min时累积溶出度为92.43%,DSC、SEM、XRPD、FTIR等表征结果显示药物以无定形状态存在于固体分散体中,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。结论：Soluplus和PVP VA64作为复合载体材料,联合应用可显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。     

白藜芦醇聚合物胶束的制备及质量评价

目的制备白藜芦醇(RES)聚合物胶束并对其进行质量评价。方法采用薄膜分散法,以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物(SPS)和D-α生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)为载体材料,制备白藜芦醇聚合物胶束(RES-SPS-TPGS-PMs);采用纳米粒度分析仪、差示扫描量热法(DSC)及傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)对其进行表征;采用高效液相色谱法测定聚合物胶束的包封率和载药量;采用动态膜透析法考察载药胶束的体外释放特性。结果制备的胶束平均粒径为(52.4±0.66)nm,多分散指数为0.06±0.01,包封率为(97.12±9.08)%,载药量为(2.37±0.22)%。白藜芦醇在聚合物胶束中可能以无定型或分子的形式存在,且白藜芦醇与载体材料之间形成了氢键。体外释放结果表明白藜芦醇聚合物胶束具有明显的缓释效果。结论该胶束制备工艺简单,其粒径、包封率、载药量可控,具有缓释作用。     

多柔比星聚合物胶束制备、表征及其体外释药研究

目的 制各多柔比星的soluplus聚合物胶束,并对其进行体外评价.方法 采用薄膜分散法-pH诱导法相结合制备多柔比星聚合物胶束;采用粒径测定仪、透射电镜、X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)及红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征;采用HPLC法测定胶束的包封率和载药量;采用动态膜透析法考察载药胶束的体外释药特性.结果 本研究制备的胶束呈球形或类球形,平均粒径为(67.57±2.9)nm,平均包封率为(77.81±4.03)％,平均载药量(10.15±1.56)％;XRD和DSC结果表明多柔比星以无定型状态或分子状态包载在聚合物胶束中;FTIR结果表明多柔比星分子中羟基和聚合物的羰基之间形成了氢键;体外释放结果表明多柔比星的soluplus聚合物胶束具有缓释作用.结论 该胶束制备工艺简单,其粒径、包封率、载药量可控,具有缓释作用.     

沉淀抑制剂HPMC K4M、HPMC AS MG、Soluplus对pH值诱导延胡索乙素过饱和相行为的影响

目的研究3种沉淀抑制剂(PPI)羟丙基甲基纤维素K4M(Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4M,HPMC K4M)、醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯MG(Hypromellose Acetate Succinate MG,HPMC AS MG)、聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚醋酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物(Polyvinylpyrrolidone,Soluplus)对临床口服剂量下pH值诱导延胡索乙素(dl-THP)过饱和相行为的影响。方法绘制dl-THP的pH值-溶解度相图和p H值转换过程中的去过饱和曲线,用溶解度相图佐证dl-THP相行为,以质量浓度-时间曲线下面积和过饱和度为指标分析沉淀抑制剂对dl-THP相行为的影响;采用偏振光显微镜、差示扫描量热法分析沉淀性质。结果临床给药剂量下,dl-THP在pH值转换过程中最大过饱和度为3.93,随时间推移失去过饱和;HPMC K4M、HPMC AS MG、Soluplus在pH值转换180 min内均能维持过饱和度。HPMC K4M、HPMC AS MG、Soluplus在浓度5%时维持过饱和度分别为1.19、1.89、1....