山药粗多糖的提取工艺

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,研究了料液比、提取温度、时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响,极差分析及方差分析结果表明提取温度和料液比是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素,较优的工艺为料液比1 g：9 mL,温度50 ℃,时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数75%,在此工艺条件下,鲜山药粗多糖得率为0.2449%（以鲜山药质量计）.     

枳椇子总黄酮提取工艺及其解酒作用

分别用水和乙醇作为溶剂加热提取枳椇子中的总黄酮,用比色法测定黄酮的含量,分别以提取时间、加热温度、料液比、提取次数等因素进行正交试验.对两种提取方法进行比较,确定各因素对提取效果的影响并对其解酒作用进行研究.水提取法的最优条件是：100 ℃,料液比1 g：8 mL,加热0.5 h,回流提取3次;醇提取法的最佳条件：80 ℃,料液比1 g：6 mL,加热1.5 h,以体积分数50%的乙醇回流提取3次.实验结果显示,醇提取法比水提取法效果更好,枳椇子提取液具有一定的解酒作用.     

RP—HPLC用于紫苏油及其习用品白苏油,野苏油的鉴别

本文采用RP－HPLC方法对紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油甘油酯进行了定性定量分析。利用HPLC分析油脂也为中药材真伪鉴别提供了一条有效途径。     

金银花nrDNA ITS区聚合酶链反应条件的研究

目的:金银花nrDNA ITS区序列G C含量为68%,用常规的PCR方法扩增效果差.本研究通过改变扩增程序及使用改性剂的方法显著提高了金银花nrDNA ITS区的扩增效率.方法:分别从金银花叶及药材中提取总DNA,通过优化扩增条件,对nrDNA ITS区进行扩增,并比较了两种优化方法的差别及适应性.方法1:提高变性温度至97℃;方法2:添加混合改性剂(DMSO 4%-甘油10%).结果:与方法1相比,方法2可降低变性温度5 ℃,升高退火温度9 ℃,降低镁离子浓度至0.5 mmol/L,降低Taq DNA聚合酶用量至0.1 U(30 μl体系),PCR产物量显著提高,且可消除植物DNA粗提物中杂质的干扰.结论:通过提高退火温度及添加改性剂可克服高G C含量金银花nrDNA ITS区序列扩增的困难,该方法的建立有助于解决植物来源DNA模板的PCR扩增问题.     

Effect of Solanum trilobatum on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital in rat

The present study was aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effects of Solanum trilobatum (ST) extract against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital (PB) in Wistar rats. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w.) and promoted with PB (0.05%) in basal diet. The experimental study extended for periods of 13 and 26 weeks. Alcoholic extract of ST was orally administered for the entire experimental period after initiation along with commencement of promotion. The chemopreventive effect of ST was assessed from the incidence of nodules, drug metabolizing phase I components such as contents of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b(5), activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH - cytochrome b(5) reductase and phase II components such as levels of glutathione, activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the liver. Lipid peroxidation at basal and prooxidants-induced (NADPH + ADP + Fe and Ascorbate + Fe) states was assessed in the microsomes. Animals administered with ST extract evidenced significant inhibition of tumor nodular incidence in DEN + PB + ST animals compared to DEN + PB animals, with favorable alterations in the hepatic drug-metabolizing phase I and phase II components. Administration of ST inhibited basal and pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation. The present result suggests the probable mediation of chemoprevention by ST against DEN-induced carcinogenesis by the modulation of drug metabolizing components in the liver of treated animals.     

FISH mapping and molecular organization of the major repetitive sequences of tomato

This paper presents a bird’s-eye view of the major repeats and chromatin types of tomato. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with Cot-1, Cot-10 and Cot-100 DNA as probes we mapped repetitive sequences of different complexity on pachytene complements. Cot-100 was found to cover all heterochromatin regions, and could be used to identify repeat-rich clones in BAC filter hybridization. Next we established the chromosomal locations of the tandem and dispersed repeats with respect to euchromatin, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), heterochromatin, and centromeres. The tomato genomic repeats TGRII and TGRIII appeared to be major components of the pericentromeres, whereas the newly discovered TGRIV repeat was found mainly in the structural centromeres. The highly methylated NOR of chromosome 2 is rich in [GACA]₄, a microsatellite that also forms part of the pericentromeres, together with [GA]₈, [GATA]₄ and Ty1-copia. Based on the morphology of pachytene chromosomes and the distribution of repeats studied so far, we now propose six different chromatin classes for tomato: (1) euchromatin, (2) chromomeres, (3) distal heterochromatin and interstitial heterochromatic knobs, (4) pericentromere heterochromatin, (5) functional centromere heterochromatin and (6) nucleolar organizer region.     

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of potato (Solanum tuberlosum)

The ethanol extract of potato tubers (Solanum tuberlosum L.) has been evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice. The acute treatment of mice with an ethanolic extract from the potato tuber at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, by oral administration, produced a significant anti-nociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain licking and hot plate-induced pain. Also, the ethanolic extract of potato tubers significantly inhibited both carrageenan- and formalin-induced inflammation in mice as well as arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice. These inhibitions were statistically significant (p<0.05). These results provide support for the use of the ethanol extract of potato tuber in relieving inflammatory pain, and insight into the development of new agents for treating inflammatory diseases.     

鱼腥草的研究进展

综述了鱼腥草在分布,栽培,化学成分,药理作用,临床应用及产品开发等方面的研究进展,并对鱼腥草今后研究和方向进行了展望。     

2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物在白及质量控制中的应用研究

目的 建立以2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物为对照的白及质量控制方法。方法 采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,体积流量0.15 mL/min,进样体积为2μL,检测波长为220 nm。分别采用对照品法和对照提取物法测定17批白及饮片中1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯-2-葡萄糖苷(2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷)、1-[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(手参苷Ⅰ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸-2-(6-O-乙酰基)葡萄糖苷(手参苷Ⅲ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(白及苷)4个成分的含量,并进行比较。结果 2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物中2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷、手参苷Ⅰ、手参苷Ⅲ、白及苷线性关系良好(r≥0.999 9),进样精密度RSD值在0.001%～0.58%,重复性RSD值在0.27%～0.53%,4种成分的加样回收率在98....     

基于HPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学的白及与黄花白及辨识研究

目的 通过指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法对白及Bletilla striata与黄花白及Bletilla ochracea进行辨识研究。方法 采用Shim-pack GIST C18-AQ(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,检测波长280nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。采用Chem Pattern TM软件对白及、黄花白及的指纹图谱数据进行分析,并对其进行相似度评价;采用SIMCA14.1软件进行主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）,对二者进行定性辨识研究。结果 在相似度分析中,45批白及的相似度为0.74～0.97,相似度较好,29批黄花白及的相似度为0.44～0.83,部分黄花白及与白及较为相似;聚类分析与PCA分析结果较为一致,部分样品可分为2类;PLS-DA分析分类效果显著,模型参数Q2为0.80,R2Y为0.85,完全能将两者区分开...