精神病人与正常人戒烟前后焦虑抑郁症状的对照研究

目的　了解精神病人和正常人戒烟前后精神状况的变化及差异性 ,探讨戒烟措施。方法　对 71例精神病人和 5 0例正常人戒烟前及戒烟后 1周分别应用汉密顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)、简明精神病量表 (BPRS )进行测评。结果　精神病人强制性戒烟前HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (8.2 1± 6 .4 1)、(7.6 4± 5 .71)、(36 .81± 7.14 )、(33.71± 7.1)、(2 9.4 5± 8.4 7) ;戒烟后HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (16 .4 5± 6 .34)、(19.73± 8.71)、(5 8.1± 12 .12 )、(5 6 .31± 11.4 )、(37.32± 7.95 ) ;戒烟前后 5种量表分值变化与正常人戒烟前后分值变化比较有极显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。结论　对精神病人强制性戒烟可引起明显的情绪反应 ,应适宜控制病人吸烟 ,建立一个合理的管理制度     

氧化剂和香烟对血清抗弹性蛋白酶能力影响的体外观察

实验研究表明，氧化剂氯胺T、过氧化氢可抑制人血清抗弹性酶的能力。新鲜烟液可抑制人、犬、兔血清对弹性酶的抑制能力，人血清对烟液的敏感性大于犬和免。从而提示，吸烟是肺气肿的病因之一。     

香烟烟对变态反应性疾病的影响

为探讨香烟烟对变态反应性疾病的影响，以香烟烟作为变应原，采用特异性体内皮肤试验测定了１６０６例变态反应性疾病患者对香烟烟的反应，并对香烟烟呈阳性反应与各种变态反应性疾病的关系以及与性别和年龄的关系进行了多元回归分析。结果表明，对香烟烟的皮试阳性的反应率为３４．６％（５５６例患者对香烟烟呈阳性反应），香烟烟的阳性反应与变应性疾病的发病有关，而与性别、年龄、病程、外周血白细胞计数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数相关性不大。对５８例香烟烟呈阳性反应的支气管哮喘患者，用乙酰甲胆碱做了气道激发试验，其结果为，激发后的最大肺活量（ＦＶＣ）、一秒钟用力呼气量（ＦＥＶ１）、最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦＲ）低于激发前。对２２３例香烟烟阳性反应者（其中支气管哮喘患者１８４例、变应性鼻炎８７例、过敏性皮肤病５２例），采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定血清总ＩｇＥ，并与正常对照组比较，香烟反应的病人组血清总ＩｇＥ显著增高。由此可见，香烟烟可以引起变态反应性疾病。     

转化生长因子β1对香烟诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶表达的影响

目的：探讨转化生长因子（TGF）-β1对香烟诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶（γ-GCS）和活化蛋白(AP)-1亚单位c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响。方法:通过支气管肺泡灌洗获取大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞，随机分为对照组、香烟组和TGF-β1组。TGF-β1组加入终浓度为3 μg/L的TGF-β1,2 h后除对照组外，余2组均加入香烟烟雾提取物,对照组加入磷酸盐缓冲液。分别用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和免疫细胞化学方法检测肺泡巨噬细胞中γ-GCSh(重链亚单位)及c-fos mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:香烟组γ-GCSh和c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组(分别P<0.05,P<0.01)。TGF-β1组γ-GCSh mRNA及其蛋白表达水平明显低于香烟组(均P<0.01)；而c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达水平明显高于香烟组(均P<0.01)。结论:转化生长因子-β1参与香烟所致慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺氧化/抗氧化失衡的发病机制。     

吸烟大鼠一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的变化

目的:观察吸烟对大鼠肺组织iNOS、eNOSmRNA和蛋白表达以及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中NO的影响, 探讨不同类型的NOS在吸烟所致慢性气道炎症中的作用。方法:选用Wistar大鼠80只随机分为对照组, 被动吸烟组, iNOS抑制剂L-NIL干预组及NOS抑制剂L-NAME干预组。用免疫组化法检测iNOS及eNOS的蛋白表达, 用RT-PCR检测iNOS及eNOSmRNA的表达, 用Griess法测定BALF中的NO^-₂/NO^-₃含量。结果:吸烟大鼠肺组织中iNOSmRNA及其蛋白表达增加, eNOSmRNA及蛋白表达下降, BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃显著增加(P＜0.05)。在体实验发现, L-NIL使BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃下降(P＜0.05);L-NAME对BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃无显著影响(P＞0.05)。结论:吸烟大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA和蛋白表达增加, eNOSmRNA和蛋白表达减少。活化的iNOS产生大量NO促进炎症发展。     

The effect of passive smoking on asthma symptoms,atopy,and airway hyperresponsiveness in schoolchildren

Passive smoking is a major cause of respiratory morbidity, and is associated with increased bronchial responsiveness in children. To evaluate the effect of smoking by a parent on asthma symptoms, atopy, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 503 schoolchildren that involved questionnaires, spirometry, allergy testing, and a bronchial challenge test. If the PC20 methacholine was less than 16 mg/mL, the subject was considered to have AHR. The prevalence of a parent who smoked was 68.7%. The prevalence of AHR was 45.0%. The sensitization rate to common inhalant allergens was 32.6%. Nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction were present in 42.7%. Asthma symptoms such as cough and wheezing were present in 55.4%. The asthma symptoms were significantly more prevalent in children who had a parent who smoked than in those whose parents did not. The nasal symptoms, atopy, and AHR did not differ according to whether a parent smoked. In a multiple logistic regression model, the asthma symptoms and atopy were independently associated with AHR, when adjusted for confounding variables. Passive smoking contributed to asthma symptoms in schoolchildren and was not an independent risk factor of airway hyperresponsiveness in an epidemiological survey.     

体内外自由基形成的研究及意义

目的研究体内外自由基的形成及意义。方法用TBA-醋酸法检测正常人血清,血浆,胸腹腔渗、漏出液,各细胞提取物及服用西洋参前后的血浆和经过氧化处理后的正常人、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病患者的血清及食用油脂、相应烟雾冷凝油的过氧化脂质(LPO)含量。结果各细胞均有自由基反应,以血小板为最高。血清LPO明显高于血浆(P<0.001),胸腹腔渗出液LPO明显高于漏出液(P<0.001),过氧化处理后的糖尿病、高血压、冠心病患者血清的LPO明显高于过氧化处理后的正常人血清LPO(P<0.001);油脂质量越高,LPO含量越低,相应的烟雾冷凝油的LPO是食用油脂的14.3～35.6倍。结论生物、化学和物理因素均可引起脂质过氧化,不管何种因素所致的脂质过氧化,其反应过程及其产物LPO对生物体都有严重的损害作用。     

Preliminary study of electrocautery smoke particles produced in vitro and during laparoscopic procedures

Background: The objective of this preliminary study was to describe the particles contained in cautery smoke produced during five laparoscopic procedures and verify the collection method during three laboratory experiments on ex vivo animal tissue. Methods: A cascade impactor collected the smoke according to particle size, and particle weights were calculated on an electronic microbalance. Electron microscopic analysis and energy dispersive X-ray evaluation were used to determine particle morphology and elemental composition. Results: The particles, distributed according to size on the seven rotating trays of the impactor, had diameters ranging from 0.05 to >25 m, with most being 0.1–1 m. In vitro experiments yielded more particles, especially larger (>5 m) ones, than the surgical procedures, because the cauterized specimens could be placed much closer to the cascade impactor in the laboratory environment, eliminating most obstacles to particle recovery. In the laparoscopic surgery patients, larger particles, because of their physical properties, were more likely to remain trapped in the abdomen or to drop off in the collection apparatus. Uniformly, two populations of particles were demonstrated—either large, irregular fragments (2–25 m) rich in carbon and oxygen, suggesting structural cellular components, or small homogeneous spheres (0.1–0.5 m) composed of sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium salts. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the presence of breathable areosols and cell-size fragments in the cautery smoke produced during laparoscopic procedures. Their exact chemical composition and potential adverse effects for patients and personnel are not known.     

补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2 IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响

目的:探讨补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2、IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠72只,随机分为6组,即正常对照组、慢支模型组、气管炎咳嗽痰喘丸组、补肾化痰大剂量组、补肾化痰小剂量组及自然恢复组,采用香烟烟雾吸入法建立大鼠慢性支气管炎模型,采用放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-8的含量,并计算胸腺及脾脏的脏器系数.结果:与正常对照组比较,慢支模型组和自然恢复组大鼠血清IL-2水平均显著降低(P<0.001),血清IL-8水平均显著升高(P<0.001),胸腺的脏器系数均明显降低(P<0.05);经用补肾化痰中药治疗后,血清IL-2水平显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),IL-8水平显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),胸腺的脏器系数明显升高(P<0.05),而脾脏的脏器系数各组之间无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型有免疫调节作用,而单纯戒烟在短期内并不能使已经严重失调的免疫功能得到明显改善.     

补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响

目的：探讨补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2、IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠72只，随机分为6组，即正常对照组、慢支模型组、气管炎咳嗽痰喘丸组、补肾化痰大剂量组、补肾化瘦小剂量组及自然恢复组，采用香烟烟雾吸入法建立大鼠慢性支气管炎模型，采用放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-8的含量。并计算胸腺及脾脏的脏器系数。结果：与正常对照组比较．慢支模型组和自然恢复组大鼠血清IL-2水平均显著降低（P〈0．001）。血清IL-8水平均显著升高（P〈0．001），胸腺的脏器系数均明显降低（P〈0．05）；经用补肾化痰中药治疗后，血清IL-2水平显著升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），IL-8水平显著下降（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），胸腺的脏器系数明显升高（P〈0．05），而脾脏的脏器系数各组之间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型有免疫调节作用，而单纯戒烟在短期内并不能使已经严重失调的免疫功能得到明显改善。