模拟脑电节律的调制磁场对中缝核神经元放电影响的研究

用数值计算和动物实验的方法研究模拟脑电节律的调制磁场对与睡眠有关的中缝核神经元放电的影响 ,从而探讨其对睡眠的影响。通过数字仿真 ,研究了神经纤维对调制磁场刺激作用的响应特性 ,发现了神经纤维具有对低频调制包络信号响应敏感 ,对高频载波不响应的特性。依据睡眠全过程脑电节律的变化 ,研制了模拟 EEG信号发生器。采用高频磁脉冲作为载波调制模拟脑电节律信号 ,用所得的调制磁场诱导兔脑 ,观察磁刺激对中缝核5 -羟色胺能神经元放电的影响。动物实验结果表明 ,中缝核经磁刺激后放电频率发生显著改变 ,其放电变慢。这说明磁刺激能抑制 5 -羟色胺能神经元神经电活动水平 ,将为改善失眠症提供新的途径     

Thermogenesis and thermolysis during sleeping and waking in the rat

Thermogenesis (VO₂), sensible heat loss and subcutaneous back temperature were recorded simultaneously during sleeping and waking in both intact and depilated rats at Ta ranging from 21–28°C.VO₂ increased during wakefulness (W), decreased and plateaued during slow wave sleep (SWS) and then decreased 10% with each paradoxical sleep (PS) phase. Sensible heat loss, which represented about 90% of the heat production, increased and plateaued during SWS, decreased in W and generally rose abruptly (+40%) during PS. After removal of the fur the mean levels ofVO₂ and sensible heat loss were increased by 30–50% and returned to normal values within two weeks, although their variations related to stages of sleep were unchanged.These results concerning thermogenesis and thermolysis are in agreement with the variations of body temperature (brain excluded) during sleeping and waking.     

Estimating relative physical workload using heart rate monitoring: a validation by whole-body indirect calorimetry

Measuring physical workload in occupational medicine is fundamental for risk prevention. An indirect measurement of total and relative energy expenditure (EE) from heart rate (HR) is widely used but it has never been validated. The aim of this study was to validate this HR-estimated energy expenditure (HREEE) method against whole-body indirect calorimetry. Twenty-four-hour HR and EE values were recorded continuously in a calorimetric chambers for 52 adult males and females (19–65 years). An 8-h working period was retained, comprising several exercise sessions on a cycloergometer at intensities up to 65% of the peak rate of oxygen uptake. HREEE was calculated with reference to cardiac reserve. A corrected HREEE (CHREEE) was also calculated with a modification to the lowest value of cardiac reserve. Both values were further compared to established methods: the flex-HR method, and the use of a 3rd order polynomial relationship to estimate total and relative EE. No significant difference was found in total EE when measured in a calorimetric chamber or estimated from CHREEE for the working period. A perfect linear and identity relationship was found between CHREEE and energy reserve values for intensities ranging from 15% to 65%. Relative physical workload can be accurately assessed from HR recordings when expressed in CHREEE between 15% to 65%, and EE can be accurately estimated using the CHREEE method.     

妇女月经周期睡眠行为变化

目的 观察在月经周期中,妇女睡眠活动的变化。方法 本工作以问卷填表方式调查在月经周期中妇女睡眠行为的变化,应用多道睡眠脑电图观察在卵泡期和黄体期睡眠脑电波形的变化。结果 与黄体期比较,在卵泡期妇女多梦、记忆清楚,易醒、再入睡困难,白天精力体力差,自 感觉没睡好,总睡眠时间无显著差异,总睡眠分值低;与黄体期比较,卵泡期快波睡眠时间延长,慢波2期和4期睡眠时间缩短。结论 在月经周期中,妇女睡眠行为的变化系由体内雌激素浓度变化所致。     

探视对精神病人情绪和睡眠的影响

目的了解探视对精神病人情绪和睡眠的影响.方法采用前后对照的方法,观察病人在探视后的情绪反应、行为表现及其睡眠状况.结果89.38%的探视者是病人的一级亲属(含病人的妻子),51.88%的病人对探视感到高兴,18.75%的病人要求跟随探视者出院回家未成而情绪不佳,甚至大骂探视者,24.38%的病人对探视者漠然.情绪变化与年龄和文化程度无关,而与本次住院时间有明显关系(χ2=8.55,P<0.005).探视当晚19.38%的病人感觉睡眠比以前好,10%的病人入睡困难或间断入眠,70.62%的病人对睡眠没有影响.结论一级亲属是病人心理支持系统的主体;病情缓解者对探视感到高兴,精神衰退者情绪反应和行为无明显变化;对住院时间短、病情未有明显好转的病人,亲属不宜探视,工作人员应予谢绝.     

学龄儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康状况的研究

[目的]了解家庭及社会环境对学龄儿童睡眠状况的影响,以改善儿童睡眠状况。[方法]采用分层随机整群抽样抽取西安市2037名小学生为研究对象,用修改后的《学龄儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康问卷》对儿童家长进行调查。[结果]学生睡眠障碍者834例（40．9％）,其中男455例（54．6％）,女379例（45．4％）;1～3年级睡眠障碍者322例（38．6％）,4～6年级512例（61．4％）,不同性别、不同年级差异均有高度显著性。平时睡眠时间为（9．34-0．9）h,周末或节假日为（9．54±1．1）h。Logistic回归分析发现,影响儿童睡眠的因素为看电视时间、家人就寝时间、家族睡眠疾病史及父母或看护人文化程度。[结论]家庭和社会环境对儿童的睡眠起很大作用,建立良好的家庭和社会环境,是改善儿童睡眠状况、降低儿童睡眠障碍发生率的重要措施。     

浅谈老年住院病人睡眠障碍的原因及护理干预

目的探讨导致老年住院病人睡眠障碍的因素,从而实施护理干预,使老年病人恢复正常睡眠状态。方法采用护患访谈式调查法。结果(1)环境因素是影响老年住院病人睡眠质量的重要因素;(2)老年人原有的不良生活方式,也严重影响着睡眠质量的高低;(3)心理及健康状态也是影响老年人睡眠状态的主要因素。结论采取护理干预对老年病人睡眠障碍的纠正是护理工作不可忽视的内容。     

新兵集训期睡眠质量与自评训练量的关系

目的评价陆军新兵集训期间的睡眠质量及其与自评训练量的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法随机抽取某军区2011年度陆军参训的1389名新兵作为研究对象。用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）量表评价新兵集训第1、2、3个月的睡眠质量,通过新兵自评方式评价训练量。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、单因素及无序多分类logistic回归分析数据。结果新兵集训第1、2、3个月PSQI平均得分分别为（3.79±2.66）、（4.10±2.65）和（4.28±2.85）;3个月睡眠问题发生率依次为9.1%、10.7%、13.2%,呈现上升趋势（P〈0.05）。城市籍新兵在集训期间有2个月和3个月出现睡眠问题的风险低于农村籍新兵（OR=0.49、0.36）;自评训练量过大为新兵出现睡眠问题的危险因素,其中有1个月、2个月和3个月出现睡眠问题对应的OR值分别为2.24、2.57和2.08。结论部分陆军新兵集训期间存在一定程度的睡眠问题,农村籍新兵和自感训练量过大新兵应作为睡眠干预的重点。