Detection of abnormal lesions recorded by capsule endoscopy: A prospective study comparing endoscopist''s and nurse''s accuracy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Capsule endoscopy is a non-invasive technique for small bowel examination but its evaluation is time consuming. The aim of this study was to assess whether, following adequate training, an endoscopy nurse is capable of picking up all significant images without reducing the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 2003 and December 2004, a total of 41 consecutive capsule endoscopy studies were blindly reviewed by both an endoscopy nurse and an endoscopist. The two operators had to select all significant images independently and to complete a structured questionnaire. Thirty-nine capsule endoscopy examinations (two studies discharged for premature battery failure) were evaluated. The agreement between the two operators was calculated by kappa statistics (coefficient of agreement). RESULTS: Agreement was excellent for all kind of selected lesions (mean kappa>0.85); the agreement was complete (kappa=1) for site identification, active bleeding, stenosis and negative studies. The greater disagreement (kappa=0.77) was found in cases of subtle mucosal abnormalities (i.e. reduction of villi), which were over-estimated by the nurse. CONCLUSIONS: The preview recordings made by the nurse may increase the cost/effectiveness of the study, by considerably reducing the time needed for the endoscopist to make the final report (about 5-10 min), without compromising final diagnosis.     

中药解郁胶囊治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效观察

目的：观察中药解郁胶囊对老年抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取2020年11月至2021年12月甘肃中医药大学附属医院住院或门诊患者200例作为研究对象,按照纳入标准最终产生研究观察对象100例,健康对照组来自我院组织的年龄在60~80岁的健康体检的老年人100例。观察组中男37例,女63例,对照组中男43例,女57例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组采取中医综合疗法治疗。对2组患者治疗前后减分情况、中医证候分析、服药及依从情况、不良反应及抑郁焦虑因子等无创性指标的影响。结果：对老年抑郁症的治疗效果主要从汉密尔顿抑郁量表减分情况及证候减分率体现,2组经过12个月中药和抗抑郁综合治疗,中医证候量表减分率（8.2±3.1）和（7.8±3.2）,比对照组的（8.8±3）与（8.4±3.6）,P值为0.001 6和0.001 3,治疗前后均有明显变化,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,中医证候量表减分率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,从服药后出现的不良反应来看,中医综合观察组应明显低于对照观察组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。从中医组治疗患者的依从性分析,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中药解郁胶囊与中医综合治疗患者治疗效果显著,依从性更佳。     

“生精胶囊”对大鼠的生精作用的研究

本文用病理学的计数方法研究了“生精胶囊”对大鼠的生精作用。结果表明“生精胶囊”能明显增加睾丸曲细精管内生殖细胞数目、睾丸内精子数目、曲细精管数量及其直径和曲细精管内细胞层数,增加精子活率而对初级精母细胞直径及精子活动力无明显影响。为临床该药治疗“男性不育少精症”提供了科学依据。     

中药壮骨胶囊治疗Ⅰ型原发性骨质疏松症74例临床研究

目的　探讨中药壮骨胶囊对Ⅰ型原发性骨质疏松症的疗效及其与骨代谢的关系。方法　采用益肾健脾的中药壮骨胶囊治疗７４ 例绝经后妇女原发性骨质疏松症,并与钙尔奇Ｄ 治疗的３１ 例作对照。结果　３ 个月后,其总有效率达９１ ．８９ ％ ,骨质疏松程度、血ＡＬＰ、ＣＴ、Ｅ２ 皆显著改善,且显著优于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ～０．０１）。无明显副反应。结论　绝经后妇女骨质疏松症主要由肾虚所致,采用中药补肾健脾治疗,疗效显著优于补钙、雌激素的替代疗法等。壮骨胶囊有调整骨代谢作用。该药安全可长期服用     

Pharmacokinetic aspects of rectal formulations of Temazepam

An in vitro/in vivo study was carried out with different rectal formulations of temazepam. Pharmacokinetic data were determined in a cross-over study in 10 volunteers after rectal administration of 10 mg temazepam as a polyethylene glycol based suppository (selected from in vitro data), a liquid-filled capsule and a micro-enema respectively, using oral administration of a liquid-filled capsule as a reference. Serum levels of temazepam indicate an instantaneous and complete release from the micro-enema (F_rel=0.94±0.21, C_max 205±36.9 g/l, t_max 0.49±0.31 hour) and a slower but complete release of temazepam from the suppository (F_rel=1.01±0.25, C_max 202±41.3 g/l, t_max 1.48±0.41 hour). A high interindividual variation in absorption profiles was observed after rectal administration of the liquid-filled capsule (F_rel 0.72±0.36, C_max 182±122 g/l, t_max 4.08±4.28 hour), which makes it less suitable for rectal use. The micro-enema and suppository appear to be useful as rectal formulations for temazepam.     

正交设计在固天泉胶囊处方研究中的应用

目的：研究固天泉胶囊处方的最佳组成。方法：用正交试验法考察处方抗利尿作用和镇静催眠作用。结果：优选出最佳处方为原处方。结论：正交设计可以用于中医处方的研究。     

国外口服软胶囊剂的研究

从内容物和胶壳两个方面综述国外口服软胶囊剂的研究进展。口服软胶囊剂与其他传统剂型如片剂、硬胶囊剂、颗粒剂以及溶液剂等相比，具有生物利用度高、药物稳定性良好、含量准确等优点。     

金龙胶囊(JLC)对肿瘤细胞诱导分化作用的研究

目的:观察鲜动物药金龙胶囊(JLC)对肿瘤细胞的诱导分化作用.方法:利用体外细胞培养、MTT、NBT染色及吞噬功能测定等方法,观察在不同浓度金龙胶囊作用下人早幼粒白血病细胞系(HL-60)的细胞形态和功能的变化.以维甲酸(RA)作阳性对照.结果:在1×10-6mg/ml浓度以下金龙胶囊在细胞培养中对细胞的存活没有影响.HL60细胞在1×10.和10-9mg/ml作用3或5天后,早幼粒细胞比例减少,中、晚幼粒细胞比例显著增高,与维甲酸的作用相似.金龙胶囊作用后HL-60细胞的NBT还原能力和吞噬功能也有明显升高,与维甲酸作用相似.结论:金龙胶囊可明显促进HL-60细胞形态和功能上分化、成熟,说明金龙胶囊对HL-60细胞具有明显诱导分化作用.     

高效液相色谱法测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量

目的：测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量。方法：色谱条件：色谱条件与系统适用性实验：Hypersil ODS2 C18分析柱（150mm 4．6mm，5μm）；流动相：甲醇：水=（78：22），检测波长294nm流速1．0ml／min，室温操作。理论塔板数按厚朴酚计算应不低于3000。结果：和厚朴酚与厚朴酚平均回收率分别为99．62%（RSD=1．34％），98．56％（RSD=1．49%）。结论：方法快速准确，样品处理简便易行。     

五酯胶囊预防抗结核药对肝功能损害疗效观察

目的观察五酯胶囊预防抗结核药物对肝功能损害的疗效。方法86例结核病患者在全程常规抗痨的同时,随机分为五酯胶囊治疗组和常规护肝对照组,6-12个月为一疗程,结束后分别统计并进行比较它们的临床症状、体征和肝功能变化情况。结果观察6-12个月,显示两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论在全程常规抗痨的同时口服五酯胶囊,能有效地预防抗结核药物对肝功能的损害,无反弹现象,未见不良反应,具有较高的临床价值。