宋代校正医书局改编《千金要方》的新证据

唐代孙思邈《千金要方》一书,现存有二种传本,一种是宋代校正医书局的校注本《备急千金要方》;另一种是未经宋人校改的宋刊本《孙真人千金方》（现存20卷）。这二种传本无论是在篇目次序（包括同一篇中的条文次序）还是在文字内容上,都有较大的出入。关于这种差异的形成原因,几年前我们已经撰文做了初步分析,而新近的研究又进一步发现了解释这些差异的新证据。     

2005年版《中国药典》(公示稿)中药材部分修订动向

目的 :及时掌握2005年版《中国药典》中药材部分修订动向 ,为修订工作建言献策。方法 :对2005年版《中国药典》(公示稿 )中药材部分新增品种、增订项目的变化动向进行详细分析。结果 :2005年版《中国药典》(公示稿 )中药材质量标准在继承传统经验鉴别———辨状论质的基础上 ,吸收了新的、成熟的技术 ,但仍有部分有待完善。结论 :新修订中药质量控制指标将更趋合理化、标准化 ,更接近国际天然药物质量标准。     

北宋校正医书局对《脉经》校勘考释

校正医书局是北宋仁宗嘉祐二年(1057年)由官方专门设置的、以刊行颁印中医古籍为目的的临时性机构。至神宗熙宁二年(1069年),12年间先后有13位官员参与编校医籍11部。其中,《脉经》并未列入校正医书局最初校正8部医籍之计划,该书于神宗熙宁元年(1068年)由高保衡、孙奇、林亿等校讫,成为宋之后定型化版本,传习至今。下文将从校勘过程、方法和内容等3个方面进行简要考释。     

一般领域控制感与控制方式量表的修订

目的修订Shapiro控制问卷(Shapiro Control Inventory,SCI)的一般领域控制感与控制方式2个分量表,并评估其信效度。方法对SCI进行翻译和初次试测后,343名大学生完成了中文版Shapiro控制问卷测试版的评定,利用主成分法对一般领域控制感与控制方式量表进行因素分析,并评估其内部一致性信度、重测信度。结果修订后的一般领域控制感量表抽取2个因子共15个条目、控制方式量表抽取4个因子共44个条目,各量表因素结构与原量表较为一致,2个量表下各子量表的内部一致信度在0.55～0.88之间,重测信度在0.70～0.88之间。结论修订后的控制感与控制方式量表内部结构较为明晰,具有较好的内部一致信度和重测信度,符合心理测量学的标准。     

北宋校正医书局编校医籍概述

校正医书局是北宋仁宗嘉祐二年（1057）,由官方专设的以编校、刊行中医古籍为目的的临时性医籍校正机构.至神宗熙宁二年（1069）,12年间先后有13位官员参与编校医籍,使之成为宋之后的定型化版.本校正医书局原计划校正医籍8部,最后编校成书11部.校正医书局编校每部医籍所需时间不同,多者10余年,少者不足1年.校正医书官不在校正医书局的办公场所校书,而在自己家里校书.校正医书局的成员包括提举校正医书局和校正医书官,既有儒臣,也有医官,儒臣在医书校正中占有主导地位.校正医书局从诏选校正医书官、制定编校计划、确定编校原则、布置编校任务等,均有一套严格的工作流程.     

People’s perspectives about COVID-19 vaccination certificate: Findings from a representative Italian sample

In Italy, like in other countries, issues still exist regarding how to reach high vaccine coverage and several countries have considered policies to increase vaccine uptake. In the present study, we focused on people who have a favorable attitude towards vaccination. In March-April 2021, we asked a representative sample of Italian participants (N = 1,530) to assess to what extent they would support the adoption of a COVID-19 vaccination certificate, excluding unvaccinated people from participating in public and cultural events. Furthermore, as the vaccination coverage increases, severe forms of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization more likely involve unvaccinated individuals, who might be perceived as those who don’t contribute to ending the pandemic and who constitute a significant health cost for society. We then asked participants to assess to what extent they would favor the idea of requiring people who refuse the vaccine to pay for their own medical expenses in case of hospitalization. We hypothesized that support for the adoption of the vaccination certificate would be predicted by the COVID-19 vaccination status (received, booked, high-, medium-, low-willingness to be vaccinated, or refused) and by the same factors that are known to affect the willingness to get vaccinated. These factors were also tested in a model aimed at investigating if a vaccinated person would favor a measure requiring the unvaccinated individuals to pay for medical expenses. Results confirmed that the support towards the vaccination certificate policy was strongly predicted by the vaccination status and by factors known to affect the willingness to get vaccinated. Interestingly (and surprisingly), a similar pattern was observed for the support of the policy about medical expenses. In conclusion, support for a COVID-19 vaccination certificate was high among the Italian population in the early phases of the vaccination rollout. The findings are discussed considering potential policies to tackle the pandemic.     

北宋校正医书局整理中医古籍方法考证

以《千金要方》两版本的诸多差异为例,结合其他宋校医书相关文献,较为全面地考察北宋校正医书局整理中医古籍的方法,主要包括:纠正讹误、填补遗佚、删削重复、重辑事类、重新编次等。宋臣极大突破了讲求文字训诂的汉唐传统,更为重视内容上的准确与完整、形式上的统一与规范,并由此促进了医学理论内涵的丰富,增强了中医学术框架的严谨性,对后世中医学的发展影响广泛而深远。     

儒医平议

自宋代以来，儒家思想逐渐渗透并影响着中医学的发展，“儒医”一词更是沿用至今。在儒家思想的影响下，不论是医学典籍的整理，还是医学理论的阐发总结，以及医学教育、伦理等都有了长足的发展。但儒家思想的介入也对医学发展产生了一些负面影响。如苏东坡以“圣散子”治疫获效，遂夸大其效而记述之，后人不加辨析，盲目师法，误人甚多。再如受“事亲”、“济众”思想的影响，子女“割股事亲”，甚至更甚，士绅之辈不加辨析，盲目施药。