云南萝芙木根中吲哚生物碱及其抗菌活性

目的 研究云南萝芙木Rauvolfia yunnanensis根中的吲哚类生物碱化学成分及抗菌活性,明确该植物抗菌活性成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、RP-C₁₈、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,结合波谱数据及文献参数对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法对单体化合物进行抗菌活性评价。结果 从云南萝芙木根醋酸乙酯部位共分离得到20个吲哚类生物碱化合物,分别鉴定为维诺任碱（1）、霹雳萝芙木碱（2）、四叶萝芙木新碱（3）、萝加灵（4）、西特斯日钦碱（5）、缝籽木醇（6）、柯楠醇（7）、二氢柯楠醇（8）、毛茶碱（9）、异毛茶碱（10）、佩立任碱（11）、10-羟基-16-表-花菊醇（12）、育亨宾（13）、降马枯星碱B（14）、洛柯碱（15）、阿枯米定碱（16）、去乙酰阿枯米灵（17）、利血平（18）、哈尔满碱（19）、梅林诺宁F（20）。其中化合物20对白色念球菌表现出较好的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）值为3.12μg/mL,与临床抗真菌药物氟康唑的MIC值相同。化合物1、11对大肠杆菌,化合物11、13、20对枯草芽孢杆菌均表现出一定的抗菌活性,MIC值为6.25～12.50 μg/mL,活性与植物源抗菌药物小檗碱相当。结论 化合物20为首次从萝芙木属中分离得到,化合物6、8～13、16～18均为首次从该植物中分离得到,部分单体化合物表现出潜在抗菌活性。     

萝芙木中化学成分的研究

为研究夹竹桃科植物萝芙木的化学成分及药理活性,通过硅胶、凝胶LH-20、反相开口柱等色谱方法进行分离纯化。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化学结构,从氯仿层提取物中分离得到3个吲哚类生物碱和1个吖啶酮类生物碱,分别鉴定为萝芙碱B(1)、山德维辛碱(2)、萝尼生(3)和7-羟基-吖啶酮(4)。化合物1为新化合物,属于吲哚类生物碱。化合物4是吖啶酮类生物碱,为首次从萝芙木属植物中分离得到的化合物类型。本文对化合物4这一新类型的生物碱做了生物活性研究,以发掘萝芙木除降压以外其他的药理活性。     

Vortex punctate keratopathy resulting from Amiodarone in A Chinese patient

Amiodarone has been widely used since the 1960s for the treatment of troublesome supraventricular and serious ventricular arrhythmias.Amiodarone is an iodine-containing compound that tends to accumulate in several organs,including the thyroid gland,skin,lungs,nerves,and cornea.There are several well-established systemic adverse events of amiodarone,including pulmonary toxicity,1 liver cirrhosis,hyperthyroidism,and photodermatitis.2 Of the ocular adverse events,the most common is the appearance of microdeposits in the cornea named cornea verticillata.3 Also,mild lens opacities without visual impairment and optic neuropathy have been reported in patients who had been treated with amiodarone.     

In vivo effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) ethanolic extract on sexual performance and reproductive activity in male rats

Plants and plant-derived products have a long history in the treatment of sexual disorders. Rauvolfia vomitoria is one of such plant used traditionally for the enhancement of male sexual and reproductive activity. This study was carried out to elucidate the potential activity of R. vomitoria ethanolic extract on sexual behaviour and male reproductive function. Twenty-five male rats were assigned to five groups and orally treated with distilled water (control), sildenafil citrate (standard) and R. vomitoria ethanolic extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) for 22 days. Sexual behaviour parameters such as mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL), mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (IF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were recorded at day 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. The reproductive function including reproductive organ weights, testicular histology and sperm parameters was also assessed. Results showed enhancement in sexual behaviour through significant reduction (p < .01) in ML, IL and PEI and significant increase (p < .01) in EL, MF IF and EF. The extract also caused an increase in sperm count, motility and transit. Present findings demonstrate the ability of R. vomitoria ethanolic extract to improve male sexual behaviour and reproductive activity in rats.     

傣药麻三端的育亨宾植物资源研究

“麻三端”（云南萝芙木）Rauvolfia yunnanensis Tsiang为云南傣族的药用植物种类，本文对其植物资源进行了初步研究并测定出其育亨宾成分含量高于育亨宾的药源之一萝芙木的含量。结果表明：“麻三端”不仅较广泛分布于我国南部并在分布区域内也常见，且育亨宾的含量较高，是较为理想的育亨宾药用植物资源。     

Characterization of novel extrachromosomal DNA from giant-celled marine green algae

Cloned HinfI fragments of the plasmid-like 2.2-kb DNA from the green alga Ernodesmis verticillata (Kützing) Børgesen hybridized solely to single or double bands within the 2.2-kb DNA in genomic Southern blots. Heterologous probes for nuclear and chloroplast genes hybridized only to high-molecular-weight (HMW) DNA. Thus, the low-molecular-weight (LMW) DNA is extrachromosomal and lacks extensive homology to nuclear or chloroplast genes. There was cross-hybridization to LMW DNA from other Caribbean isolates of E. verticillata, but not to that from a Pacific isolate. Under reduced stringency, cross-hybridization to LMW DNA from the related green alga Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann was also observed, suggesting that the LMW DNA may have a common origin and/or function in these algae. Six out of sixteen unique clones hybridized to discrete bands in northern blots, indicating that the LMW DNA may be actively transcribed in vivo. Four of the putatively transcribed clones have regions with significant deduced amino-acid sequence identity to psa and psb gene products, implying that the plasmid-like molecules might have originated from chloroplast DNA. Sequencing data also indicated a high G/C content, as well as the presence of frequent tandem and direct repeats in many of the cloned fragments. Sequencing and restriction analyses suggest that most of the cloned fragments are portions of different DNA molecules, providing evidence that the 2.2-kb extrachromosomal DNA in Ernodesmis is novel in that it represents a fairly heterogeneous population of molecules.     

人工繁殖萝芙木的试验研究

目的 探讨萝芙木种子发芽特点及扦插繁殖技术。方法 新鲜种子播于沙盆;插条用不同浓度NAA处理后插于沙床。结果 种子播后56d开始发芽,发芽势为65．3％,发芽率为82．7％。用100mg／LNAA溶液处理萝芙木插条,可显著提高插条生根数。结论 可采用种子繁殖和扦插繁殖解决萝芙木种苗问题。     

红果萝芙木弱碱部分的化学研究

萝芙木总碱“降压灵”已广泛应用于临床治疗高血压疾病,其降压作用缓和,付作用小。红果萝芙木Rauwolfia verticillata(Lour)Baill f.rubrocarpa H D Zhang mss为降压灵生产原料之一。我所曾在药理和化学方面作了研究。黄量等从该植物中分得     

Drug-induced lipidoses of the cornea and conjunctiva

A variety of lysosomal disorders affect the human cornea and conjunctiva. These disorders may result from inborn abnormalities of a specific intralysosomal enzyme such as the deficit of ceramide trihexosidase in Fabry's disease. Alternately, lysosomal dysfunction may be the result of drug administration with subsequent drug-induced lipidosis. Chloroquine, amiodarone, amodiaquine, benoquin, tilorone, and gentamicin are lipidosis-inducing drugs with proven involvement of the human cornea and conjunctiva. Similarities between Fabry's disease and the drug-induced lipidoses include intraepithelial corneal deposits frequently arranged in a verticillate or vortex pattern, and the presence of abnormal inclusions of intralysosomal lipid in corneal and conjunctival tissue when examined by transmission electron microscopy. These striking parallels invite consideration of lysosomal dysfunction as a factor in the recognized or potential toxicity of drugs inducing lipidosis.Supported in part by Academic Investigator Award EY00156 from the National Eye Institute, NIH; a grant-in-aid from Fight For Sight, Inc., NYC; the Research to Prevent Blindness James S. Adams Award; Biomedical Research Support Grant RR05527 from the National Eye Institute, NIH; and the Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund, Inc. (Dr. Kenyon).     

Copper-induced oxidative stress and responses of antioxidants and phytochelatins in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

Copper, though essential, is potentially toxic heavy metal at supraoptimal level and has widespread contamination. The present investigation was carried out to study the responses induced by lower as well as higher doses of copper (0.1–25 μM) in an aquatic macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle for a period of 1–7 days. The plants accumulated copper in high amount with a maximum of 770 μg g⁻¹ dw on day 7 at 25 μM. Biomass and photosynthetic pigments showed less alteration up to 1 μM while at higher concentrations, significant decline occurred. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity (EC) also showed sharp increase at higher concentrations indicating oxidative stress. In response to copper exposure, plants showed significant induction of proteins and enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), however, only up to moderate exposures. Total non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and cysteine levels increased significantly up to 5 μM copper exposure while at 25 μM, their level declined drastically. Reduced glutathione (GSH) showed decrease at all concentrations while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) simultaneously increased. Phytochelatins (PCs) were also induced significantly at studied concentrations of 1 and 5 μM on day 4 in comparison to control. However, copper chelation depicted by PC-SH to copper ratio was found to be low (6.5% at 1 μM and 2.4% at 5 μM) suggesting that PCs play only a part in integrated mechanisms of copper homeostasis and detoxification. Tolerant response of plants to moderate copper exposures and high accumulation potential warrants their suitability for remediation of moderately copper polluted water bodies.