石斛愈伤组织培养物的药用前景探讨

石解药材的自然资源严重枯竭。本研究从石斛重要药用有效成分多糖的角度出发,所作的愈伤组织培养物和它的原植物的比较,显示出石解愈伤组织培养物有可能代替原植物作药用,既解决石料药源紧缺,又带来保护环境生态和商业利益的理想途径。     

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with PZ and MP phenotypes. Clinical and laboratory correlations

In a large kindred we have identified two siblings with the hitherto unreported PZ phenotype and eight other subjects with the MP phenotype. In subjects with the MP phenotype serum alpha₁-antitrypsin levels are near the lower limits of normal. In contrast, subjects with the PZ phenotype have severely depressed alpha₁-antitrypsin levels. One subject with the PZ phenotype at age 34 already shows evidence of obstructive lung disease. We found no convincing evidence of obstructive lung disease in family members with the MP phenotype. After purification of alpha₁-antitrypsin from the serum, isoelectric focusing and acrylamide gel electrophoresis can be used to distinguish normal protein from the products of the Pi^P and Pi^Z alleles. Subjects with the PZ phenotype have more Pi^P than Pi^Z product.     

肝细胞癌免疫治疗的现状和展望

肝细胞癌因其发病率和病死率较高,已成为关乎全民健康的严重问题。肝细胞癌的治疗方法众多,近年来免疫治疗的兴起为肝细胞癌的治疗提供了新武器,其实用价值亦得到越来越多的肯定和关注。肝细胞癌的免疫治疗经历了最初的细胞毒性药物、小分子抑制剂到现在的免疫检查点抑制剂,促进肿瘤治疗的模式发生重大改变。同时,应重视免疫相关不良事件的管理和治疗,通过建立多学科诊断与治疗团队促进和提高肝细胞癌的综合治疗水平,从根本上提高疗效,造福患者。     

Nosocomial infections and hospital deaths. A case-control study

In an earlier study, nosocomial infections were reported to occur in one third of patients who died in the hospital. Lower respiratory tract infections appeared to be causally related to death, whereas urinary tract infections were not. A case-control study was therefore conducted to begin to explore epidemiologically these causal suppositions. By definition, all 100 patients in the case group died in the hospital and all 100 patients in the control group survived hospitalization. A patient in the control group was matched to a patient in the case group for age, sex, service, primary discharge diagnosis, and severity of primary diagnosis. Secondary discharge diagnoses were comparable in both groups. Nosocomial infections were present in 33 percent of patients in the case group and 13 percent of patients in the control group (p less than 0.001). Lower respiratory tract nosocomial infections occurred in 18 percent of patients in the case group and 4 percent of patients in the control group (p less than 0.005). Urinary tract nosocomial infections occurred in 6 percent of patients in the case group and 8 percent of patients in the control group (p = NS). Presence of a terminal prognosis on admission was found more often in case group patients than in control group patients (76 percent versus 11 percent, p less than 0.001). Nosocomial infections appeared to favor a fatal outcome only in those whose condition was not terminal on admission (p less than 0.05). In those whose condition was terminal on admission, the incidence of infection was equal in those who survived and in those who died. In conclusion, in these two groups well matched by many criteria, differences in prognosis on admission probably accounted for the major differences in survival. Nosocomial infections may affect outcome in those whose condition is not terminal on admission.     

Socioecological and message framing factors influencing maternal influenza immunization among minority women

Objective

A suboptimal level of seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant minority women is an intractable public health problem, requiring effective message resonance with this population. We evaluated the effects of randomized exposure to messages which emphasize positive outcomes of vaccination (“gain-frame”), or messages which emphasize negative outcomes of forgoing vaccination (“loss-frame”). We also assessed multilevel social and community factors that influence maternal immunization among racially and ethnically diverse populations.

Study design

Minority pregnant women in metropolitan Atlanta were enrolled in the longitudinal study and randomized to receive intervention or control messages. A postpartum questionnaire administered 30 days postpartum evaluated immunization outcomes following baseline message exposure among the study population. We evaluated key outcomes using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Neither gain- [OR = 0.5176, (95% CI: 0.203,1.322)] nor loss-framed [OR = 0.5000, 95% CI: (0.192,1.304)] messages were significantly associated with increased likelihood of immunization during pregnancy. Significant correlates of seasonal influenza immunization during pregnancy included healthcare provider recommendation [OR = 3.934, 95% CI: (1.331,11.627)], use of hospital-based practices as primary source of prenatal care [OR = 2.584, 95% CI: (1.091,6.122)], and perceived interpersonal support for influenza immunization [OR = 3.405, 95% CI: (1.412,8.212)].

Conclusion

Dissemination of vaccine education messages via healthcare providers, and cultivating support from social networks, will improve seasonal influenza immunization among pregnant minority women.     

基于生物活性与效应基准的中药质量 评价技术发展现状与展望

中药质量的评控问题是制约中药现代化发展的瓶颈,因此有必要在现有检测方法的基础上结合生物评价,继而更为全面地保证中药质量。生物评价是完善中药质量标准、保证临床功效和安全性评价的重要方法,已成为中药质量标准化发展趋势之一。在此处主要论述了近年来基于生物活性与效应基准的中药质量评价技术和已取得的部分研究进展,同时对目前中药质量生物评价研究与应用中存在的主要问题进行探讨,进一步对其未来应用做出展望,从而更好的对中药质量进行控制。     

针刺对于脑梗死恢复期头痛及吞咽障碍的干预及治疗作用

脑梗死具有高死亡率、高残障率和高复发率的特点,且发病有年轻化趋势。脑梗死恢复期头痛及吞咽障碍对患者的日常生活能力造成严重影响,导致患者的生命质量下降,给人们经济带来沉重的负担。现通过检索各大中英文数据库,对筛选出的临床试验文献进行深入剖析,并针对目前针刺治疗存在的问题提出发展性的建议,为今后针刺治疗脑梗死恢复期的临床诊疗方法以及作用机制研究提供科学依据和崭新思路。     

发展迅速的远程医疗

远程医疗是医疗保健技术、远程通讯技术和信息科学等学科的结合。远程医疗因其广阔的发展前景 ,而得到广泛的关注。本文就其发展概况、应用等方面作一概述 ,同时也指出了它所带来的一些不容忽视的问题     

类风湿关节炎活动期的中医治疗进展

本文主要从中医的辨证施治、外治及针灸方面论述了类风湿关节炎活动期的中医治疗.