Effects of exogenous factors on the cerebral glutathione in rodents

Since glutathione is thought to be involved in cerebral functions, changes in the glutathione level imply modulations of the neurotransmission in addition to all the known effects of GSH. It was investigated whether alterations of the cerebral glutathione can be induced by consumption of GSH, by inhibition or stimulation of the synthesis of GSH, or by an inhibition of the re-reduction of the oxidized glutathione. Aminophenazone, propyphenazone, acetaminophen, phenytoin, morphine and nitrofurantoin, known to deplete hepatic GSH, had no effects on cerebral GSH. Diethyl maleate (0.6 ml/kg) decreased the cerebral content of GSH and GSSG in adult rats as well as in fetuses. The depletion of the cerebral GSH caused by diethyl maleate treatment for 4 days was followed by an increase up to 125% and a subsequent return to the normal level after 1 week. In rats starved up to 71 h deficiency of exogenous amino acids caused only a minimal or no decrease in cerebral GSH. The specific inhibitor of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase BSO only depleted GSH in the brain of young mice following the repeated s. c. administration of a high dose (890 mg/kg). After cobaltous chloride (20 mg/kg; twice a day for 2 or 4 days) the GSH level in the brain was unchanged. In vivo inhibition of the cerebral glutathione reductase was caused by ammonium metavanadate (12.5 mg/kg; three times a week for 6 weeks). Nitrofurantoin (150 mg/kg) had no effect. After lomustine (10 mg/kg) a minimal increase in glutathione reductase was found, but simultaneously also an increase in GSSG and of the ratio GSSG/total glutathione.     

Wavelet analysis for the multicomponent determination in a binary mixture of caffeine and propyphenazone in tablets

An approach based on both discrete and continuous wavelet analysis followed by a zero-crossing technique was developed. We applied this approach to obtain a high resolution in the binary mixture of caffeine (CA) and propyphenazone (PR) in the presence of their overlapping signals in the working length. The optimization of the wavelet families was accomplished for this mixture. The de-noise procedure was carried out by using 4-level Haar discrete wavelet transform and the resulted de-noised signal was investigated by continuous Mexican (MEX) and Haar (HA) transforms. Finally, a zero-crossing technique was applied on the transformed signal and the constructed calibration was tested by analyzing the composition of the different mixture containing CA and PR. All calculations have been performed within EXCEL and Matlab 6.5 software. The obtained results indicate that our procedure is flexible and applicable for the mixture analysis.     

Simultaneous determination of aspirin, codeine phosphate and propyphenazone in tablets by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of aspirin, propyphenazone and codeine phosphate in an analgesic tablet formulation. The proposed method is also suitable for the determination of small quantities of salycylic acid. The elution was isocratic using two C-8 columns and methanol-water (45:55) as mobile phase with 1.4% acetic acid and 5 mM tetramethylammonium bromide.     

异丙安替比林通过抑制蛋白激酶B通路诱导人肾癌细胞凋亡和自噬

目的 探究异丙安替比林(Propyphenazone)对人肾癌细胞Caki-1增殖抑制和凋亡的影响及其分子机制。方法 使用MTT(四甲基偶氮唑盐)法和克隆形成抑制实验检测异丙安替比林在不同时间和浓度下对Caki-1细胞增殖能力的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色检测对Caki-1细胞凋亡的影响;Hoechst 33342染色法检测Caki-1细胞染色质固缩状态;蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测Caki-1细胞的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶AKT(蛋白激酶B)、磷酸化的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶p-AKT以及DNA修复酶PARP蛋白表达变化;激光共聚焦显微镜检测LC3蛋白在细胞中的点状聚集。结果 MTT实验结果表明异丙安替比林可抑制人肾癌细胞Caki-1的增殖(P<0.05),同时,异丙安替比林分别处理24 h、48 h、72 h后,所对应的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为105 μM、83 μM、56 μM;同时,克隆形成抑制实验表明20 μM和40 μM的异丙安替比林处理Caki-1细胞后,克隆形成率分别降为38%(P<0.05)和20%(P<0.01);流式结果表明,当使用0 μM、40 μM、80 μM和100 μM 的异丙安替林处理Caki-1细胞后,细胞凋亡率分别为7.4%、13.5%、34.5%和50.9%;Western Blot结果表明,随着异丙安替比林浓度的增加,p-AKT蛋白表达降低,并伴随DNA修复酶PARP失活。免疫荧光实验结果表明异丙安替比林可能诱导细胞发生自噬。结论异丙安替比林显著抑制人肾癌Caki-1细胞增殖,并通过抑制AKT通路诱导肾癌细胞发生凋亡和自噬。     

Dissolution and assaying of multicomponent tablets by chemometric methods using computer-aided spectrophotometer

Dissolution of three component tablets containing paracetamol (APAP), propyphenazone (PP), and caffeine (CAF) was carried out by USP paddle method. Three chemometric methods; inverse least square (ILS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to simultaneous assay of APAP, PP and CAF in tablets. The PCR, PLS and ILS methods were applied to simultaneous dissolution APAP, PP and CAF in tablets using a double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer without any chemical separation and any graphical treatment of the overlapping spectra of three drugs. Twenty two mixture solutions in different concentrations were prepared in simulated gastric juice (SGJ, USP) for the chemometric calibrations as training set. The absorbance data matrix was obtained by measuring the absorbance at 14 wavelength points (from 222.5 to 292.5 nm) with the intervals of 5 nm (Deltalambda=5 nm) in the spectral region between 200 and 310 nm. Training set and absorbance data were used for the calibrations of chemometric methods. The developed calibrations were tested for the previously prepared solutions of mixture of three drugs for the validation of the assay method. The chemometric calculations were performed by using the 'MAPLE VRSQUO; software. The results of three chemometric methods were statistically compared with each other. These chemometric calibrations were successfully applied to the content uniformity and dissolution of the multicomponent tablets without any separation procedure. The synthetic mixtures of three drugs were used for the validity of the calibrations. Means recoveries (percent) and relative standard deviation of PLS, PCR and ILS methods were found to be 100.1+/-0.6, 101.4+/-1.6 and 100.1+/-0.6 for APAP; 100.9+/-3.2, 102.0+/-3.3 and 100.9+/-3.2 for PP; 99.9+/-3.5, 101.6+/-3.3 and 99.9+/-3.2 for CAF, respectively. Dissolution profiles of three component tablets were performed. More than 95% of drugs were dissolved within 15 min. All of the three-chemometric methods in this study can be satisfactorily used for the quantitative analysis and for dissolutions test of multicomponent dosage form.     

The Onset of Action and the Analgesic Efficacy of Saridon®* (a Propyphenazone/Paracetamol/Caffeine Combination) in Comparison with Paracetamol,Ibuprofen, Aspirin and Placebo (Pooled Statistical Analysis)

Summary

The objective was to evaluate the onset of action, analgesic efficacy and tolerability of Saridon, a propyphenazone 150?mg/paracetamol 250?mg/caffeine 50?mg combination, in comparison with paracetamol 500?mg, aspirin 500?mg, ibuprofen 200?mg and placebo, by a pooled statistical analysis of eight studies. Out of 500 generally healthy patients (55.2% men, 44.8% women), average age 43.5 years, 329 (65.8%) had moderate and 171 (34.2%) severe acute dentoalveolar pain. More Saridon-treated patients reported ‘pain gone/partly gone’ and less ‘pain unchanged or worse’ compared with paracetamol, aspirin and placebo 30?min (p?=?0.009, p?<?0.001, p?=?0.001, respectively) and 60?min after dosing (p?<?0.0001 for all). The difference with ibuprofen was observed 60?min after dosing (p?<?0.01). Pain intensity differences 30?min and 60?min after dosing infer that Saridon has a faster onset of action than all of the other medications that it was compared with (ibuprofen at only 60?min after dosing). Total pain relief scores four hours after dosing were higher in the Saridon group compared with the paracetamol, ibuprofen, placebo (p?<?0.0001 for all) and aspirin groups (p?<?0.01). At the end of the study, patients assessed Saridon as more efficacious than the other study medications (p?<?0.0001 for all). No serious adverse events were observed with any of the drugs studied. All medications were well tolerated. Twenty patients (4.0%) reported adverse events with no significant differences between groups. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders, followed by nervous system, skin, subcutaneous tissue, respiratory, cardiac and general disorders. Saridon is an effective analgesic that combines the advantage of fast onset and effective analgesia as compared with paracetamol alone, ibuprofen, aspirin or placebo. The results of this pooled analysis of eight studies should be confirmed in a double-blind study, since seven of the studies included in this analysis were single blind.     

多波长系数法测定散利痛片中3组分的含量

目的 建立简单快速测定散利痛片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林含量的方法.方法 建立多波长系数法同时测定散利痛片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林3组分的含量.结果 对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林线性范围分别为4.00～14.0 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 4),0.806～2.82 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 3),2.40～8.40 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 2),平均回收率分别为100.1%,100.4%,101.1%,RSD分别为1.4%,1.6%,1.2%(n=9).结论 本法方便、快速、准确,适用于散利痛片生产过程中的快速质量控制.