丙溴磷对家兔组织中血管内皮活性物质的影响

目的　探讨丙溴磷对组织中血管内皮活性物质的影响及意义。方法　对不同染毒剂量、不同染毒时间家兔进行了全血胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活力 ,以及大脑、肝和肾组织中的内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度的测定。结果　与染毒前和对照组比较 ,染毒后家兔全血ChE活力显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ;染毒后家兔组织中ET浓度 [( 9 2 1～ 12 65 )pg ml]较染毒前 [( 7 98～ 10 2 5 )pg ml]有明显增高趋势 ,而染毒后NO浓度 [( 10 3 8～ 17 3 6)nmol ml]较染毒前 [( 15 44～ 2 5 64 )nmol ml]有明显下降趋势 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,且随染毒时间延长变化更明显。结论　丙溴磷所致的血管内皮活性物质的紊乱 ,可能是丙溴磷抑制ChE活力以外的毒性表现     

两种吸附剂血液灌流对丙溴磷的灌流清除率的影响

目的探讨包膜活性炭和HA230树脂对丙溴磷的灌流清除率,并比较其清除效果。方法分别用包膜活性炭和HA230树脂对中毒血样进行灌流吸附,将吸附后血样经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用毛细管气相色谱法检测并计算清除率。结果分析方法的检出限为0.8ng,低、中、高3种浓度的加标回收率为95.1%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为1.11%~10.97%。灌流吸附后血中丙溴磷的清除效率在包膜活性炭为78.2%~85.8%,在HA230吸附树脂为84.5%~93.8%。结论用包膜活性炭和HA230树脂吸附剂进行血液灌流,均能迅速降低血中丙溴磷浓度。     

丙溴磷及其混配农药对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的研究丙溴磷及其混配农药对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为丙溴磷染毒组、丙溴磷与氰戊菊酯混配染毒组、丙溴磷与灭多威混配染毒组和对照组。3个染毒组分别给予3种染毒剂量进行染毒,于染毒前和染毒24h后进行小鼠跳台试验。结果丙溴磷染毒组与2个混配农药染毒组的高、中剂量组跳台试验受电击次数、电击总时间、首次错误潜伏时分别为(64.90±36.32)次、(6.10±3.60)s、(119.52±55.94)s,(86.90±32.16)次、(5.00±2.09)s、(66.20±37.98)s;(74.20±27.88)次、(2.90±1.45)s、(86.90±31.12)s,(103.10±32.75)次、(2.10±1.29)s、(60.50±39.83)s;(76.40±35.28)次、(3.60±1.96)s、(101.30±38.74)s,(156.30±70.57)次、(1.60±0.97)s、(56.80±31.57)s。与对照组比较,丙溴磷染毒组中的高、中剂量组与2个混配农药染毒组高剂量组跳台试验受电击次数、电击总时间明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)、首次错误潜伏时明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论丙溴磷及其混配农药能降低小鼠学习记忆功能,其中丙溴磷的作用可能更为重要。     

丙溴磷对家兔大脑脂质过氧化和一氧化氮浓度的影响

为探讨丙溴磷对家兔脑组织脂质过氧化和一氧化氮浓度的影响 ,将家兔分为 2个剂量组经皮肤染毒丙溴磷 ,于染毒前和染毒后 5d、 10d ,分别测定各组大脑组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性和维生素E (VitE)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度。结果染毒后家兔脑组织GSH Px、SOD活性明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,VitE、NO浓度显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,并呈一定的剂量 效应关系。提示丙溴磷所致的家兔脑组织脂质过氧化增强与NO浓度降低相互促进 ,并可能是脑功能受损的原因之一。     

气相色谱法测定血中丙溴磷

目的 研究血中丙溴磷的气相色谱测定方法,完善检测过程,优化检测条件,建立起简便高效的提取净化方法和准确、快速、灵敏的色谱检测方法.方法 将中毒血样经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用毛细管气相色谱法测定其含量.结果 分析方法的检出限为0.8ng, 低、中、高3种浓度的加标回收率为(95.4%±5.85%)、(91.2%±11.5%)、(92.8%±5.5%).结论 该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,适合人血液中丙溴磷的检测.     

丙溴磷对组织脂质过氧化影响的实验研究

目的探讨丙溴磷对组织脂质过氧化的影响及意义。方法 将家兔分为2个剂量组并经皮肤给予丙溴磷染毒,于染毒前和染毒后5d、10d,分别测定各组大脑、肝、肾组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和维生素E(Vit E)浓度。结果 染毒后家兔大脑、肝、肾组织中GSH-Px、SOD明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),Vit E浓度显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈一定的剂量—效应关系。结论 家兔大脑及肝组织脂质过氧化增强,可能是丙溴磷中毒导致其大脑、肝、肾功能受损的原因之一。     

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Induced by the Pesticide Profenofos on Cultured Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Profenofos is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide used widely for agricultural and household purposes. The aim of this investigation was to determine its toxicity profile in vitro, using lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples of healthy human donors. We found the IC₅₀ of profenofos to be 3.5 μM as measured by Trypan blue dye exclusion method. Chromosomal analyses of the metaphase plates of the samples treated with sublethal concentrations of profenofos revealed satellite associations and chromatid breaks and gaps, indicating its effect on chromosomes. The results were further supported by comet assay, where single-strand breaks in DNA were observed as comet tail lengths. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.01, ANOVA). Hence, it may be proposed that in vitro assays like the comet assay and chromosomal aberrations test, which indicate genetic damage, could be used to study the effect of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in humans.     

土壤中丙溴磷含量及降解动态研究

目的 了解田间叶洒丙溴磷后土壤中的残留量及降解规律。方法 采用色谱-火焰光度法（GC-FPD）测定田间喷洒丙溴磷后不同天数丙溴磷在土壤中的残留量。结果 丙溴磷在土壤中的最低检出浓度为0.04mg/kg。加标回收率在95.2%～98.7%范围内，变异系数3.4%～4.5%。按推荐量施药，丙溴磷在土壤中降解符合一级动力学，半衰期为1.09d，施药后13d丙溴磷在土壤中降解率为98.3%。结论 测定方法简便，快速，准确，实用。丙溴磷在土壤中的降解较迅速，对土壤污染较轻。     

Sublethal Effects of Profenofos on Locomotor Behavior and Gill Architecture of the Mosquito Fish,Gambusia affinis

Subacute studies of profenofos on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out for 20 days to assess the locomotor behavior and structural integrity of gill in relation to bioaccumulation and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). The sublethal concentration of 0.13 mg/L (1/5 of LC₅₀) altered locomotor behavior such as distance traveled and swimming speed in exposed fish. This could be due to inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and deformities in the primary and secondary lamella of gill. The bioaccumulation values indicated that the accumulation of profenofos was highest in viscera followed by head and body. The average bioconcentration factor values are 254.83, 6.18, and 2.52 μg/g for viscera, head, and body. The findings revealed that profenofos is highly toxic even at sublethal concentrations to the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis.