自控止痛泵在疼痛治疗中的应用

介绍了自控止痛泵在临床各种类型疼痛病人治疗中的应用 ,研究了最佳给药途径、注药模式及常见的不良反应 ,为临床正确用药提供了帮助。     

Pattern of renal dysfunction in analgesic nephropathy--comparison with glomerulonephritis.

Comprehensive renal function tests were performed in 84 patients with analgesic nephropathy, 33 glomerulonephritis patients matched for creatinine clearance, and 30 control subjects. A system of 1-day renal function tests including urine microscopy, creatinine clearance, phenolsulphonphthalein excretion, urine concentration and acidification, and electrolyte excretion, was used. Patients with analgesic nephropathy were found to have significant sterile pyuria and haematuria, even those with mild renal insufficiency, significantly reduced concentrating ability and a distal acidifying defect, and a tendency to impaired sodium conservation. These function defects are consistent with the primary lesion of renal papillary necrosis in analgesic nephropathy; the detection of these defects have implications in patient management.     

Ambulatory laparoscopic fundoplication

Background: Increasingly larger series of laparoscopic fundoplications (LF) are being reported. A well-documented advantage of the laparoscopic approach is shortened hospital stay. Most centers report typical lengths of stay (LOS) for LF of 2–3 days. Our success with LF with a LOS of 1 day led to an attempt at performing LF on an ambulatory basis. Methods: Sixty-one consecutive patients with appropriate criteria for LF underwent surgery at our institution. Patients were counseled by the authors as to the usual postop course and progression of diet. All patients received preemptive analgesia (PEA) consisting of perioperative ketorolac and preincisional local infiltration with bupivicaine. Anesthetic management included induction with propofol, high-dose inhalational anesthetics, minimizing administration of parenteral narcotics, and avoidance of reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Immediate postop pain management included parenteral ketorolac and oral hydro- or oxycodone. All patients were given oral fluids and soft solids after transfer from the recovery room to the postoperative observation unit. Two patients were excluded from ambulatory consideration due to excessive driving distance from our hospital. Another two were hospitalized for observation after experiencing intraoperative technical problems. Results: Of 57 patients in whom same-day discharge was attempted, there were three failures requiring overnight hospitalization: All were due to pain and nausea; one patient also suffered transient urinary retention. There were no adverse outcomes related to early discharge, and there were no readmissions. One patient returned to the emergency room after delayed development of urinary retention. Median time from conclusion of operation to discharge was less than 5 h. No patients expressed dissatisfaction with early discharge on follow-up interview. Conclusions: LF can be safely performed as an ambulatory procedure. Analgesic and anesthetic management should be tailored to minimize nausea and provide adequate pain control. Received: 1 April 1996/Accepted: 29 May 1997     

乳舒胶囊镇痛、抗炎作用研究

目的：研究乳舒胶囊(RS)的镇痛、抗炎药效。方法：采用RS灌胃给药后，分别用甩尾法、热板法、扭体法研究RS对乳腺增生模型大鼠及小鼠的镇痛作用，分别用二甲苯法、琼脂法研究RS抑制小鼠耳廓炎症及大鼠慢性炎症性肉芽肿的作用。结果：乳舒胶囊能提高乳腺增生模型大鼠和小鼠的痛阈值、能减少醋酸致扭体疼痛小鼠的扭体次数、延长其发生扭体的潜伏期，有明显的镇痛作用；还可以抑制琼脂所致的大鼠肉芽肿和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，有明显的抗炎作用。结论：乳舒胶囊镇痛、抗炎作用明显、疗效确切。     

Analgesic nephropathy in Hungary: the HANS study.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy has improved significantly with modern imaging techniques. We reviewed a large portion of the Hungarian dialysis population to obtain additional insight into the problem. METHODS: Twenty-two participating dialysis units enrolled 1400 patients on renal replacement therapy between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 1998. Patients with no known aetiology (n = 284) were interviewed and studied with renal imaging. We assessed the presence of decreased renal mass combined with either bumpy contours, papillary calcification, or both. The subjects studied were interrogated extensively. RESULTS: Our survey suggested analgesic nephropathy in 47 of 1400 patients (3.3%), 3-fold higher than the EDTA database estimate for Hungary. The analgesics most commonly abused were phenacetin-containing mixtures. The driving symptoms were mainly headache and joint pain. Cardiovascular complications were more common than in the rest of the dialysis population, independent of smoking and lipid values (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Phenacetin should be banned. Our study results support the need for longitudinal cohort and case-control studies in Hungary.     

可调节携便式镇痛泵

现有的镇痛泵是用于手术后,为患者解除或者减轻患者的疼痛而设计的。一个特殊的原因,为使镇痛泵能用于长期受疼痛折磨的患者,为适应这类患者要自由活动和长期使用的需要,在现有镇痛泵的基础上,经过研究、改造,成功的研制出可调节携便式镇痛泵,经临床使用获得良好的效果,并获得国家实用新型专利(专利号:200420059087.1)。     

钾离子通道的活性状态对蛛网膜下腔注射腺苷抗伤害性作用的影响

目的探讨ATP敏感型钾离子通道的活性状态对鞘内注射腺苷类似物R-phenylisopropyladenosine(R-PIA)抗伤害性作用的影响.方法雄性SD大鼠在苯巴比妥钠麻醉下,蛛网膜下腔留置PE-10导管,测定注药后鼠尾对光热刺激的反应(抗伤害作用).结果蛛网膜下腔注射R-PIA产生剂量依赖性的甩尾时间曲线上移(P＜0.05).蛛网膜下腔注药后10min起效,镇痛时间长达60min.ATP敏感型通道开放剂nicorandil和阻滞剂glibenclamide单独蛛网膜下腔应用无镇痛作用(P＞0.05),但nicorandil明显增强R-PIA的抗伤害性作用,相反glibenclamide明显减弱R-PIA的抗伤害性作用(P＜0.05).结论蛛网膜下腔注射R-PIA可产生明显的剂量依赖性抗伤害作用,此作用受ATP敏感型钾离子通道活性调节.     

Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard. Extract in rodents

The dried (elaterium) or fresh juice from Ecballium elaterium fruit is used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in popular medicine. In this study the elaterium is examined for its analgesic and antipyretic effects in several animal models. The elaterium exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities.     

辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒的镇痛作用——离体海马脑片的细胞内电位记录

应用离体脑片技术及细胞内生物电记录方法，研究辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒及某些活性物质对海马ＣＡ１区痛敏神经元的影响，以了解蝎毒的作用机制，在海马ＣＡ１区记录到细胞内放电５４个单位，其静息电位平均值为４５±５ｍＶ，当给予海马伞入口处一定强度刺激时，在海马ＣＡ１区记录到细胞内放电，向海马脑片灌注蝎毒液时，ＣＡ１区细胞内放电受抑制，说明蝎毒液有镇痛作用