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1.
《Vaccine》2022,40(42):6048-6054
BackgroundLive vaccines potentially have non-specific effects that protect against other infections than those the vaccines are targeted against. The national vaccination program (NVP) in Finland was changed on September 1st, 2006: before BCG vaccine was given to all newborn babies and afterwards to babies in risk groups only. We used this natural experiment to study the non-specific effects of BCG in the frame of NVP using before-after design.MethodsWe compared the incidence of several outcomes obtained from Finnish health registers between children born between July 1st, 2004, and June 30th, 2006 (BCG-eligible) and an age- and season-matched reference cohort born between July 1st, 2007, and June 30th, 2009 (BCG-non-eligible) using Poisson regression. These cohorts were restricted to full-term children whose parents were born in Finland. Follow-up began at birth and lasted 3 months, which is the scheduled age for DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination, and from 4 months until first birthday. The outcomes included all infections, pneumonia and injuries as a negative control outcome.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the BCG-eligible cohort (N = 93,658) compared to BCG-non-eligible cohort (N = 94,712) for hospital-diagnosed infections was 0.89 (95 %Cl 0.86–0.93) for the 3-month follow-up. The decrease was mainly caused by respiratory infections. In 4–12 months follow-up the BCG-eligible had slightly more infections than BCG-non-eligible children (IRR 1.03, 1.01–1.06).ConclusionsBCG vaccination was associated with a lower incidence of all hospital-diagnosed infections during the first three months of life. The difference cannot be attributed to lung tuberculosis, since only few paediatric cases occurred in Finland during 2000s. The disappearance of non-specific effect after administration of an inactivated vaccine is compatible with previous studies. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2020,53(3):481-484
We reported two cases with community-acquired pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who returned from Wuhan, China in January, 2020. The reported cases highlight non-specific clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as well as the importance of rapid laboratory-based diagnosis. 相似文献
3.
《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2019,49(7):534-539
ObjectivePanton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia is an unusual cause of community-acquired pneumonia, although associated with a high case fatality. This infection mainly affects young individuals, without any history, and is most often preceded by flu-like symptoms.MethodWe focused on patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in Reunion (Indian Ocean) admitted to the emergency department. We performed a retrospective study based on data collected from laboratory registers and medical files of patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in Reunion between December 2014 and December 2017.ResultsA total of 16 patients were recruited for this study, with a median age of 40.5 years. More than half of patients had previously been admitted to the emergency department for acute respiratory distress syndrome or severe sepsis. Fourteen patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and six patients died (five premature deaths).ConclusionPhysicians should be aware of this infection during the flu season and quickly adapt the specific antibiotic treatment, including a drug inhibiting toxin production. As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is very rarely observed in Reunion, physicians can still adapt the empirical treatment, without glycopeptides. 相似文献
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5.
肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2003年10月至2005年6月间施行肝移植的451例患者的临床资料,对肝移植术后CMV性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法进行总结。结果 在451例患者中,发生CMV性肺炎7例,感染率为1.66%。CMV性肺炎的症状明显早于体征,7例患者均无明显诱因出现高热,约1周后逐渐出现干咳、气促、呼吸困难等;血氧饱和度降低,血气分析提示低氧血症;CMV pp65抗原检测均为阳性。CMV性肺炎患者采用更昔洛韦联合膦甲酸钠抗病毒治疗,同时采取停用免疫抑制剂、加用较大剂量的丙种球蛋白和适量的胸腺肽等的个体化免疫调节方案以及广谱抗生素等综合治疗方法,6例治愈,治愈率为85.7%。结论 CMV性肺炎的早期临床表现虽然缺乏特异性,但仍有规律可循,CMV pp65抗原检测法具有特异性和敏感性高的特点。采取联合抗病毒和个体化免疫调节等综合措施治疗CMV性肺炎效果确切。 相似文献
6.
老年肺炎患者免疫及机体的反应能力差,起病缓慢隐匿,缺乏典型症状与体征,并发病及伴发病多,治疗反应差,病死率高,诊断和治疗时均应考虑这些特点。 相似文献
7.
目的 探讨SARS流行期间肺炎患者的临床表现和胸部影像变化特点。方法 对76例SARS流行期间发热留观室收治的肺炎患者的临床表现及胸部影像进行分析。结果 (1)此组肺炎患者多为青壮年(占60.53%),无固定职业或职业性质流动性较大者居多(69.74%);(2)临床特征主要是发热,以中高热为多见(80.26%),发病早期部分患者呼吸道症状并不明显(67.10%),外周血WBC在正常或低于正常范围(85.53%),淋巴细胞比例减少(75.00%);(3)肺部CT表现为不同程度的炎性浸润;病灶形态以斑片状和球形多见(77.63%);病灶常位于肺周边,常出现支气管气像;动态观察病变影像大多无明显进展(88.16%%),经治疗均完全吸收。结论 SARS流行期间普通肺炎与非典型肺炎有相似的临床及胸部影像表现;肺部CT扫描能早期发现肺炎患者的异常阴影,明显优于胸片,但无特异性。因此,在SARS流行期间发热诊室医务人员应加强肺部炎性改变的早期诊断和鉴别诊断水平。 相似文献
8.
目的 观察溴环己胺醇预先给药对大鼠盐酸吸入性肺损伤是否具有保护作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法30只健康 SD 大鼠,随机分成3组,A 组:生理盐水吸入组;B组:稀盐酸吸入组;C组:稀盐酸吸入 溴环己胺醇处理组,每组10只。C 组腹腔注射溴环己胺醇,1次/d,连续3d,A、B 组以等体积生理盐水代替。第3天注药后30min,B、C 组气管注入pH 值为1.25的稀盐酸1.2ml/kg,制成盐酸吸入性肺损伤模型,A 组气管注入生理盐水1.2ml/kg。观察注药后5h 动脉血气、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、肺湿/干重比(W/D)、肺组织及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平。结果 与 A 组比较,B、C 组 PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2降低(P<0.01),B、C 组W/D、B 组肺组织 TNF-α、IL-8含量、血清 IL-8浓度升高(P<0.01)。与 B 组比较,C 组 PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2升高(P<0.01),C 组W/D、肺组织TNF-α、IL-8含量及血清 IL-8浓度降低(P<0.01)。结论 溴环己胺醇可能通过抑制 TNF-α、IL-8炎症因子的产生和释放机制对盐酸吸入性损伤肺产生保护作用。 相似文献
9.
G. Miragliotta R. Del Prete R. Sabato A. Cassano N. Carnimeo 《European journal of epidemiology》1992,8(5):748-749
In October 1990 pneumonia due toLegionella pneumophila was diagnosed in two employees working in the area of Apulia, southern Italy, where artesian wells were in construction. Although the exposure to excavation has been associated with Legionnaires' disease, in our investigation the illness occurred only in those employees who were present when the water emerged from the ground under high pressure. On the basis of this report, water appears as the most likely reservoir of the organism and the main route of infection.Corresponding author. 相似文献
10.
目的:了解肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎的发病现状和对抗生素的耐药性及其治疗。方法:采用回顾性分析我院于2001年1月-2002年6月住院肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎50例的发病,对抗生素耐药性及其治疗。结果:患多见于中老年男性,临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咳痰多见。结果:肺炎克雷伯杆菌对抗生素具有多重耐药性,耐药率为氨苄西林100%,替卡西林96%,阿莫西林/棒酸54%,头孢西丁46%,庆大霉素44%,培福沙星42%,头孢他定38%,未发现对亚胺培南的耐药菌株。结论:肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎临床表现无特殊性,亚胺培南对肺炎克雷伯杆菌的耐药率最低,应作为治疗重症肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎首选用药。 相似文献