全文获取类型
收费全文 | 815篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 10篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 143篇 |
口腔科学 | 32篇 |
临床医学 | 27篇 |
内科学 | 81篇 |
皮肤病学 | 6篇 |
神经病学 | 24篇 |
特种医学 | 14篇 |
外科学 | 164篇 |
综合类 | 55篇 |
预防医学 | 43篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 216篇 |
中国医学 | 29篇 |
肿瘤学 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 46篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 42篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有857条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Breuer J.; Moniz C.; Baldwin D.; Parsons V. 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1987,2(5):347-350
The effect of oral magnesium carbonate aluminium hydroxide onserum ionised calcium, total calcium, aluminium and magnesium,was assessed in 31 patients with chronic renal failure, duringand after one haemodialysis. The behaviour of ionised calcium and total calcium was the samein both groups. Each showed a slight fall during dialysis, whichwas not significant. Serum total calcium was 0.20.3 mmol/l(0.81.2 mg/dl) greater throughout the period of dialysisin the group taking aluminium hydroxide. Serum magnesium andaluminium were both lower in the group treated with magnesiumcarbonate. In the group taking magnesium carbonate, serum magnesium concentrationsfell markedly during dialysis, but otherwise were maintainedwithin the reference range by the use of a magnesium-free dialysate.These results show the effectiveness of magnesium carbonateoral phosphate-binding agents and zero magnesium dialysate inreducing serum aluminium without affecting the behaviour ofserum calcium fractions during dialysis. 相似文献
3.
4.
Nephrocalcinosis (NC) detected by ultrasound is a recognized abnormality for some patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) who received vitamin D2 and inorganic phosphate therapy, but is commonly observed in XLH patients treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and inorganic phosphate supplementation. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up of kidney function in XLH patients with NC detected ultrasonographically has not been reported. We investigated two women with XLH, ages 31 (patient 1) and 39 (patient 2) years, each of whom had suffered at least one documented episode of vitamin D2-induced hypercalcemia and renal azotemia during childhood. Patient 2 had also been treated with inorganic phosphate. No medications for XLH had been taken during adulthood. Renal ultrasonography at our institution demonstrated marked bilateral medullary NC in both women. No other explanation was found for their NC that apparently occurred several decades earlier from medical therapy for XLH. Detailed studies (including creatinine clearance, β2-microglobulin excretion, and fasting urinary osmolality and acidification) revealed no impairment of kidney function in either patient. Our findings indicate that subradiographic medullary NC acquired during medical therapy for XLH may persist for decades, but with no adverse renal sequelae. Definitive (long-term) assessment of kidney function in the XLH population with NC, however, will be necessary to fully understand the risk of current medical treatment for this most common heritable form of rickets. 相似文献
5.
6.
Despite low end dialysis serum phosphate levels (Pe) the control of phosphate retention remains often unsatisfactory in dialyzed patients. In order to assess the value of Pe in dialyzed children as an indicator of dialytic phosphate removal, we studied serum phosphate kinetics over the period of
dialysis and post dialysis and compared these with urea kinetics. A multicenter study was conducted in the 21 French pediatric
hemodialysis units and included 144 children under 15 years of age. Blood urea and phosphate concentrations were measured
at the beginning, at 45 min later, at the end of dialysis, and 30 min post dialysis. At 60 min and at 360 min post dialysis
measurements were made only for a subgroup of 12 children. From the serum levels, reduction ratios for urea (URR) and phosphate
(PRR) and post dialysis rebound for urea (PDUR) and phosphate (PDPR) were calculated. URR (over the dialysis session, 72%±9%)
was higher than PRR (47%±12%). Moreover, urea removal continued throughout the dialysis period, while most of the reduction
in phosphate occurred in the initial dialysis period. Post dialysis urea rebound was limited to the 60th min post dialysis,
whereas post dialysis phosphate rebound occurred until the 360th min post dialysis; by this time the serum phosphate levels
had almost reached the predialysis levels. In summary, serum phosphate kinetics over dialysis and post dialysis periods in
children appear to be misleading for the quantification of phosphate removal, i. e., phosphate clearance is a poor indicator
of dialytic phosphate removal.
Received September 21, 1995; received in revised form and accepted June 11, 1996 相似文献
7.
The instability of membrane markers expressed by human monocytes and macrophages in culture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface markers were tested on freshly isolated human monocytes and following their in vitro maturation to macrophages. The markers tested were HLA-DR antigens, receptors for the Fc of IgG and complement as well as membrane markers defined by monoclonal antibodies. The results revealed a dynamic expression of some of the markers on monocytes which was influenced by several variables. The expression of the markers was modulated by the presence of different sera, by treatment with lymphokines and interferon and following the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The most unstable marker was found to be the HLA-DR, which was modulated by all these variables. The 63D3 was affected by different sera and culture supernatant, as well as following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages, but not by lymphokines and interferon. One of the markers, the Mac 120, was found to be relatively stable and did not change significantly following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The Fc and complement receptors were also stable in their expression under these conditions, but were probably partially blocked in the presence of human serum. These results indicated that at least some of the heterogeneity related to the monocyte population was probably not due to the occurrence of stable subsets of cells, but rather to reversible changes in marker expression. 相似文献
8.
9.
Hans Oberleithner Florian Lang Rainer Greger Hans Sporer 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1979,379(1):37-41
In previous studies it has been demonstrated that a decline of plasma calcium concentration accounts for the decrease of phosphate reabsorption in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats undergoing phosphate loading.Microinfusion studies were performed in TPTX rats in order to discriminate between a systemic effect of calcium an a direct renal effect.Thyroparathyroidectomized animals were infused with a phosphate solution continuously. When plasma calcium concentration fell below 1.30 mmol/l, proximal convoluted tubules were microinfused with a phosphate tracer solution for 42 min. After 18 min a calcium chloride-containing solution was applied superficially (superfused) to the area of the microinfused tubule. This elevation of peritubular calcium concentration led to an immediate increase of phosphate reabsorption up to 12% of the microinfused phosphate load within 24 min.In another series of experiments, the calcium specific ionophore A 23187 — a substance which is known to increase intracellular calcium — was superfused on the microinfused tubule. This resulted again in an increase of fractional phosphate reabsorption of about 15% after 24 min. In contrast, when calcium chloride-free as well as ionophore-free solutions were superfused fractional phosphate reabsorption decreased (7%).From these data we conclude that 1. calcium has a direct renal effect on phosphate reabsorption in the absence of parathyroid hormone and 2. intracellular calcium appears to be a major parameter in the regulation of renal phosphate transport under these conditions.This study was supported by Dr. Legerlotz StiftungParts of this study were presented at the fall meeting of the Nephrologische Gesellschaft in Bonn, 1977 and at the spring meeting of the Deutsche Physiologische Gesellschaft in Göttingen, 1978 相似文献
10.
R. Stoll R. Kinne H. Murer H. Fleisch J. -P. Bonjour 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1979,380(1):47-52
In the present work we have investigated whether the changes in the renal handling of inorganic phosphate (Pi) induced by 1) dietary Pi, 2) removal of parathyroid glands and 3) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], are associated with alterations in the Na-dependent Pi uptake by brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from renal cortex. Shamoperated (SHAM) or thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats treated or not with 26 pmol/day of 1,25 (OH)2D3i.p. were fed low (0.2%) or high (1.2%)P diet for 7 days. The results showed that in SHAM, TPTX and TPTX+1,25 (OH)2D3 the Pi uptake by BBMV was greater after low than high Pi diet. It was greater in TPTX than in SHAM counterparts fed either diets. In TPTX fed low or high Pi diet 1,25 (OH)2D3 decreased the Pi uptake to the level observed in SHAM. A striking parallelism was found between variations in Pi uptake by BBMV and in the tubular Pi reabsorption of the whole kidney. The Na-dependent glucose, the mannitol uptake by BBMV, and the alkaline phosphatase activity in cortical homogenates and BBMV were not affected by the various treatments. Thus, dietary Pi, chronic TPTX and 1,25 (OH)2D3 appear to specifically affect the Na-dependent Pi transport system bound to the brush border membranes of renal cortical tubules. The alterations observed at this membrane level could account, at least in part, for the changes induced by these three factors on the overall tubular reabsorption of Pi. 相似文献