PGA指数和透明质酸在诊断慢性乙肝肝纤维化中的价值

目的：寻找一种简便实用的诊断慢性乙型肝炎纤维化的方法。方法：以78例经肝穿刺病理证实的慢性乙型肝炎为对象，测定并比较了由PT、GGT、ApoA1组成的PGA指数和HA、LN、PⅢP、C－IV与肝内纤维化程度(S)和炎症活动度（G）的关系。结果：（1）LN、PⅢP、C－IV在轻度慢性乙肝时无明显升高，在中度慢性乙肝时明显高于正常，但与轻度慢性乙肝无差异，而PGA指数和HA不仅在轻度慢性乙肝时显著升高，而且在轻中度间差异明显.因重度慢性乙肝和活动性肝硬化时，五项指标均显著增高。（2）在G2－4期，HA、LN、PⅢP、C－IV均明显高升，但在G1期，只有PGA指数高于正常，且各期间差异显著。（3）在S1－2期，只有PGA指数、HA、C－IV明显上升，但C－IV的上升幅度远低于PGA指数和HA。（4）加以PGA＞4．5或HA＞200μg／L作为判断临界值，则两者判断肝纤维化的敏感性均＞94％，精确性＞91％，特异性＞86％，如两者结合，则分别达到98．3％、95．2％和96．4％。结论：PGA指数和HA均是反映慢性乙型肝炎患者肝内纤维化程度的良好指标，两者联合检测则可达到最大的价值效益比。     

The effects of CaEDTA injection on lead,zinc, copper and ALAD in erythrocyte,plasma and urine in lead-exposed workers: a 24-h observation

Summary To evaluate the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaEDTA) on the concentrations of lead, zinc and copper in plasma, erythrocyte and urine, and the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erytrocyte, we administered CaEDTA in 1-h intravenous infusion to ten male gun metal founders with blood-lead concentration of 39 to 64 g/dl (mean 49 g/dl). We found that the plasma concentration of lead, following a rapid rise within the first 3 h, fell temporarily to the level significantly lower than the initial level 19 h after start of the infusion. The plasma concentration of zinc fell to the minimal level 5 h after the infusion; and the erythrocyte concentration of zinc and the ALAD activity concurrently rose to the maximal level 5 h after the infusion. By contrast, no significant alteration was observed in the concentrations of copper in plasma and erythrocyte. The maximal level of urinary metal excretion was attained during the period between 1 and 2 h after start of CaEDTA infusion for lead; within 2 h for zinc; and between 2 and 4 h for copper. The urinary metal excretion returned to the initial level 14 to 24 h after infusion for zinc and copper; but lead excretion was still higher than the initial level during this period. The difference in the kinetics of the three metals following CaEDTA injection is discussed in the light of these findings.     

孕妇妊娠中期血铅水平与产时血铅水平的相关研究

目的 :了解南京市孕妇的血铅水平 ,探讨孕期血铅水平对生产方式的影响。方法 :用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对 15 8名孕中期妇女及 2 15名产妇进行了血铅测定 ,并对其中配对的 12 0例血铅进行了相关分析 ;根据分娩方式将产妇分为顺产组和剖宫产组 ,观察两组间血铅水平的差异。结果 :孕妇孕中期血铅水平为 (0 .2 89± 0 .0 5 0 ) μmol/ L,产时血铅水平 (0 .2 42± 0 .0 49) μmol/ L,两者差异有显著性 (t=1.97,P<0 .0 5 ) ;12 0例配对血铅分析显示 ,孕中期血铅与产时血铅显著相关 (r=0 .2 0 8,t=2 .0 8,P<0 .0 5 )。剖宫产产妇的产时血铅水平为 (0 .2 5 6± 0 .0 5 0 )μmol/ L ,高于顺产产妇的 (0 .2 32± 0 .0 5 0 )μmol/ L ,差异有显著性 (t=1.97,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :孕期妇女血铅水平呈动态变化 ,产时血铅对分娩方式有影响     

香烟辐射水平及所致吸烟者剂量

目的 评估我国吸烟人群因吸烟所致内照射剂量并与其他国家进行比较。方法 收集并分析国内外香烟中²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb辐射水平,推荐主流烟雾中²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb份额,进行我国吸烟者因吸烟所致内照射剂量估算。结果 2015年中国15岁及以上成人现在吸烟者为3.2亿,日平均吸烟量为15.2支;按文献中香烟品牌数量加权的²¹⁰Po /²¹⁰Pb活度均值分别为28.2 mBq/支和39.3 mBq/支;在剂量估算中,²¹⁰Po主流烟雾份额采用模拟装置和志愿者实验结果均值20%,²¹⁰Pb主流烟雾份额采用模拟装置实验结果10%。根据我国日平均吸烟量和现在吸烟者人数估算的我国现在吸烟者年有效剂量为126 μSv·a^-1,集体有效剂量为40746人·Sv。结论 我国香烟中²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb含量约为其它国家香烟的2～3倍,但由于本文采用的主流烟雾份额和²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb剂量转换系数不同于其它文献,所以本文估算的我国吸烟人员吸20支烟所受剂量低于部分国家。     

Evaluation of studies of the relationship between blood lead and air lead

Summary An evaluation of the major studies of the effects of airborne lead on blood lead levels of male and female adult and child populations is presented. Analysis of these studies shows that the blood lead-air lead slope for adults is approximately 1.0 for both men and women. This implies that an exposure to an additional 1 g Pb/m³ of air can result in an increase of approximately 1 g Pb/100 ml of blood. The precision of the slope for adults is rarely better than ±0.5 to ±0.7 and can be as large as ±1.0. A large portion of this uncertainty in the calculated slope is due to blood lead measurement error. The slope of the blood lead-air lead response for children ranges from 0.7 to 1.4 and is approximately the same as that for adults. The accuracy of this number is less clear for children than adults due to the small data base. Many of the studies of children have been on populations living in the vicinity of smelters. It is questioned whether these data are representative of the air lead exposure of children living in urban and suburban communities.     

The rat vertex-middle latency auditory-evoked potential as indicator of anaesthetic depth: a comparison with evoked-reflex testing

We investigated whether components from the rat Vx-MLAEP could be used to assess depth of anaesthesia induced by propofol. Propofol decreased MLAEP amplitudes and increased latencies. We propose that the P(16)-N(22) wave in the rat MLAEP is similar to the human P1, and that recovery of this wave during propofol anaesthesia correlates with behavioural measures of the regaining of consciousness.     

大连市幼儿血硒与血铅含量相关性研究

采用新极谱法对大连市 84 6例幼儿全血样品进行硒含量测定 ,其值为 12 1 9± 4 0 5 μg/L ,其中男性与女性血硒含量分别为 12 0 4± 4 1 9μg/L (45 4例 ) ,12 3 7± 38 7μg/L (392例 ) ,均处于我国全血硒临床正常值和营养状态 ,男女血硒含量无显著性差异 (P >0 .10 )。血铅含量超过 10 0 μg/L的幼儿血硒含量为 116 7±39 5 μg/L(178例 ) ,与血铅含量正常幼儿血硒含量为 12 3 3± 4 0 6 μg/L(6 6 8例 )比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。血铅含量超过 10 0 μg/L的各年龄段幼儿血硒含量无显著性差异 (P >0 10 ) ,但低于各年龄段血铅含量正常的幼儿的血硒含量。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定食品中砷和铅

目的 :建立一种同时测定食品中微量砷和铅的方法。方法 :采用灰化法消解样品 ,氢化物原子荧光法同时测定食品中微量砷和铅。结果 :方法检出限砷和铅分别为 0 .30 μg/ L 和 0 .32 μg/ L;砷和铅的回收率分别为 85 .2 %～ 10 8%和89.7%～ 10 3.3% ;相对标准偏差分别为 2 .0 %～ 5 .1%和 3.2 %～ 5 .5 %。结论 :食品中微量砷和铅可以用氢化物原子荧光法同时测定     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定常通口服液中铅的含量

目的 建立中药常通口服液中重金属铅（Pb）的含量测定方法。 方法采用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定常通口服液中铅的含量，RF功率 1.35 kW，反射功率 ＜ 5W，采样深度6.8 mm，溶液提升量 1 mL·min^-1，氩气流量：冷却气 12.0 L·min^-1，辅助气 1.0 L·min^-1，雾化气1.0 L·min^-1。结果铅在1～8 μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999 2），平均回收率为99.12%，RSD＝2.86%。结论 该方法简单、快捷、灵敏，可用于常通口服液的质量控制，常通口服液中铅含量符合规定。