指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果

目的探讨指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果。方法选取我院2018年12月至2019年8月期间行静脉肾盂造影的120例患者,随机分为两组各60例。对照组给予番泻叶,观察组给予天枢穴指压加腹部按摩联合番泻叶,比较两组的肠道清洁力度和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,观察组的肠道清洁力度明显高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的23.33%(P <0.05)。结论静脉肾盂造影患者采用指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶的效果较好,可提高肠道清洁力度,降低不良反应发生率。     

PCI和静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效比较

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)和静脉溶栓在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用价值。方法选择我院2013年1月至2014年9月收治的60例急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组各30例。实验组患者采用PCI治疗,对照组患者采用静脉溶栓治疗,比较两组患者血管再通率、死亡发生率、ST段回落情况、住院时间、近远期不良事件发生率、左室舒张末径和左室射血分数变化情况。结果实验组血管再通率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而近期和远期不良事件发生率均低于对照组,近期不良事件发生率组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而远期不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组患者死亡发生率、ST段回落和住院时间均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组左室射血分数在术后1个月、3个月和6个月时均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者应用PCI治疗可显著提高血管再通率、降低死亡和不良事件发生率,有效改善心功能。     

Dural puncture epidural versus conventional epidural block for labor analgesia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionDural puncture epidural (DPE) analgesia is a modification of conventional epidural analgesia that involves the intentional puncture of the dura with a spinal needle through the needle placed in the epidural space, without a medication being injected intrathecally. There have been contradictory findings regarding better analgesia and better block quality.MethodsA systematic literature search was done to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing DPE with epidural analgesia. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsFive RCTs including 581 patients were identified. One RCT on caesarean section was excluded. Single studies suggested slightly better analgesia by finding a median time to achieve sufficient analgesia of two minutes less in the DPE group, a higher number of women having a pain score <10/100 at 20 min, a reduction in the number of epidural top-ups and better sacral spread. The studies did not show a difference between DPE and epidural analgesia for catheter replacement or manipulation rates, the incidence of intravascular placement or unilateral block.ConclusionThere is a lack of clear evidence on either the benefits or the risks of the DPE technique, such that a recommendation for or against its routine use is premature. Two of the three studies showing a beneficial effect of DPE came from the same institution and replication of the findings by other groups is warranted.     

Bloqueo bilateral del grupo de nervios pericapsulares (PENG) como analgesia en cirugía de cadera infantil

Effective management and control of peri- and postoperative pain in hip surgery is essential in order to minimize the use of opioids and their adverse effects. Effective regional analgesia for hip pain is made particularly challenging by the complex innervation of the hip joint. Standard regional techniques can be associated with complications, including incomplete anesthesia, hypotension, or lower limb weakness. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with a history of infantile cerebral palsy who underwent bilateral varus derotation osteotomy and adductor tenotomy due to paralytic dislocation. She received bilateral PENG block and femoral cutaneous nerve block - a simple technique that covers all the nerves involved in the sensory innervation of the joint capsule without the need for multiple injections.     

Immunotherapy for recurrent pregnancy loss

When immunomodulation is used on an unselected population with recurrent miscarriage (RM), there is no improvement in the live birth rate. However, when the population is selected for a poor prognosis, or immune phenomena, immunotherapy has been shown to be effective. This review discusses four immunomodulatory agents, namely, paternal leukocyte immunization, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), intralipid, and filgrastim. The presence of embryonic aneuploidy may confound the results of treatment, therefore creating an impression of futility when treatment may be highly effective in saving pregnancies that can be saved. Additionally, in an unselected population with RM, there is a relatively good prognosis of 60–80% for a subsequent live birth depending on whether the definition of ≥2 or ≥3 miscarriages is used. Hence, spontaneous prognosis must be taken into account, which has not been the case in previous trials.This review discusses the possible immune-mediated mechanisms of pregnancy loss and the means whereby immunotherapy may modulate these mechanisms.     

不同镇痛方式对剖宫产术后哺乳的影响

目的 比较剖宫产术后使用硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）与静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）对哺乳的影响，寻求更安全的镇痛方式。方法 选择我院2004年2～12月施行剖宫产术的产妇60例，分为硬膜外组和静脉组，各30例。术后一组使用PCIA。另一组使用PCEA。采集产妇及新生儿的尿样，用荧光偏振免疫法（FPIA）测定尿液中芬太尼、氟哌利多及代谢产物混合物的阳性率。结果 PCIA组产妇及新生儿的尿液中芬太尼、氟哌利多及代谢产物混合物阳性率均高于PCEA组，差异有显著性意义。但PCEA组与PCIA组新生儿和产妇的呼吸、心率、血压及睁眼时间变化均无明显差异。结论 PCEA与PCIA都对新生儿哺乳没有影响，是安全可靠的。     

小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合用于PCIA的临床体会

目的观察微量小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合于术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果及不良反应,并与较大剂量芬太尼PCIA进行比较。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、年龄(45.8±11.2)岁、全麻下行腹部手术病人80例,随机分为4组:Ⅰ组为芬太尼2.0 mg,Ⅱ组为芬太尼1.5 mg+氯胺酮250 mg,Ⅲ组为芬太尼1.5mg+氯胺酮500 mg,Ⅳ组为芬太尼1.5 mg+氯胺酮750 mg;各组均加5 mg氟哌啶,然后加生理盐水至100mL。PCIA持续输注速度为24μL.kg-1.h-1。记录术后4、24、48及72 h的VSA评分、镇静评分、呼吸次数及SpO2变化情况。结果Ⅱ组VAS评分4个时点均明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Ⅰ组出现睡眠的病人也较多。结论适量小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合用于术后PICA,能明显改善病人嗜睡的状况,镇痛效果也较理想,从而减少了术后嗜睡和呼吸抑制的状况。     

不同剂量帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌引起疼痛的治疗效果。方法对66例确诊为骨转移癌的患者随机分为大剂量组和常规剂量组,大剂量组予静滴帕米磷酸二钠90mg;常规剂量组予静滴帕米磷酸二钠45mg,均为第1天和第2天连续给药。两组均每4周重复,共两次。结果大剂量组止痛效果及生活质量均优于常规剂量组。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),两组均无严重不良反应。结论大剂量帕米磷酸二钠在止痛、改善患者生活质量方面明显优于常规剂量,且无严重不良反应,值得临床上进一步应用。