离心机模拟连续推拉动作训练方法研究

目的建立贴近实战化训练模式的连续推拉动作(PPM)离心机训练方法。方法调研提炼飞行训练中典型的PPM载荷参数,编制离心机模拟连续PPM曲线。16名战斗机飞行员作为志愿者,A组6名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0.5Gz/3s→+5 Gz/10s连续PPM曲线,B组10名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→-1Gz/3s→+7Gz/5s连续PPM曲线(根据A组建议对曲线进行了改进),进行了HP动作对抗连续PPM离心机训练。志愿者在相对-Gz(小于+1Gz)暴露时采用HP动作的呼吸方式,在向+Gz转换时开始做较用力的HP动作,记录分析+Gz耐力、心率(HR)等指标的变化。结果A组6名志愿者均完成了连续PPM离心机训练,对PPM曲线提出了改进建议。B组9名志愿者采用改进的连续PPM曲线完成离心机训练。两组在相对-Gz时的HR均显著高于安静状态(P<0.05),连续PPM暴露时的HR变化趋势说明心血管调节有持续效应,其适应负荷有滞后。结论建立了高性能战斗机飞行员连续PPM离心机训练方法,模拟连续PPM曲线中不同水平-Gz与+Gz交替作用的模式更能体现实战化训练中长时间反复空战的特点,将应用于后续飞行员离心机训练。     

带离心功能的极坐标式移动平台的设计与分析

文章介绍了一款自动化装置的结构设计基本方案,该装置可应用在基于图像的显微病理分析中,能够对体液样本进行离心处理,并在不移动样本的情况下直接降低转速,配合沿样本平台径向直线运动的物镜,对样本进行逐格扫描.为了避免离心运动过后转速降低使得样品恢复原始状态,本文还设计了一款特殊的样本容器.该设计中还提出了一种新型微调平机构解决方案,用以调节旋转平台基准面与聚光镜发出光线的垂直度.最后通过有限元仿真软件对该机构进行模态分析.     

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength,volume and activity upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in high-performance aircraft personnel

Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back pain.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1) the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2) muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft personnel.Methods:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training (n=12) or the control protocol(n=6) without additional strength training.Pre-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)to measure the volume of the m.stemocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius,and deep neck muscles.Furthermore,during a long-arm centrifuge (+1.4 and +3Gz) protocol,the muscular activity levels of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius and m.erector spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision goggles.Each participant's perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge protocol.Results:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group (P＜0.05).Relative muscle activity (％MVC) with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group (P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group (P＜0.01).The perceived muscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the groups.Conclusions:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder muscles and leads to lower relative muscle activation upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge.     

Parasep?粪便离心管法检测血吸虫虫卵效果

目的 目的 探讨Parasep?粪便离心管法在血吸虫病病原学检测中的应用效果。方法 方法 选择湖北省江陵县2个血吸 虫病流行村6～65岁居民为研究对象, 采用改良加藤厚涂片法 （Kato?Katz法）、 尼龙绢集卵孵化法和Parasep?粪便离心管 法进行病原学平行检测, 对检测结果进行比较分析。结果 结果 2个村共检测803人, 共查出血吸虫虫卵阳性15例, 平均粪 检阳性率为1.87%。其中Kato?Katz法、 尼龙绢集卵孵化法和Parasep?粪便离心管法粪检阳性率分别为0.75%、 1.49%和 1.12%, Parasep?粪便离心管法的检出率是Kato?Katz法的1.49倍。2个村Kato?Katz法的漏检率最高, 分别为57.14%和 62.50%, 尼龙绢集卵孵化法最低, 分别为14.29%和25.00%。Parasep?粪便离心管法可使显微镜下虫卵形态不变, 卵内毛 蚴结构清晰, 容易辨认。结论 结论 在血吸虫病低度流行区, Parasep?粪便离心管法可作为日本血吸虫病病原学诊断的方法。     

Wistar大鼠脑和脊髓微血管周细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及其功能差异的比较

探讨Wistar大鼠脑微血管周细胞（brain microvascular pericyte,BMP）和脊髓微血管周细胞（spinal cord microvascular pericyte,SCMP）之间的差异。运用超高速离心法获取脑和脊髓微血管,再用周细胞培养基培养,使周细胞爬出,然后用NG2和PDGFRβ鉴定周细胞,用鬼笔环肽着染F-actin,用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期,用免疫印记分析实验测定周细胞功能蛋白。结果表明：两种周细胞的形态有明显差异,BMP表达的F-actin显著多于SCMP,两种周细胞的细胞周期无显著差异,BMP相比于SCMP表达更多量的α-SMA、NG2和PDGFRβ。更多的了解两种周细胞的异同点,为研究其在中枢神经系统生理和病理状态下的作用奠定基础。     

Hemolytic pattern of erythrocytes in the newborn measured by the coil planet centrifuge system and its relationship to neonatal jaundice

Dynamic osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in cord blood and its changes during the neonatal period were studied by means of a coil planet centrifuge system. The starting-point for hemolysis in the newborn become similar to that of adult blood after approximately a week, while the shift of the end-point to the adult range required one month or more.The percentage of fragile cord blood cells with a hemolysis starting-point above 110 m osmol and the maximum bilirubin level during neonatal period were examined. A high percentage of fragile cells was associated with high bilirubin levels, and when fragile cells comprised more than 7.0% of the total cord blood erythrocytes, the bilirubin level tended to rise above 15 mg/dl.This study was aided by a grant from the Ministry of Health and Wellfare of Japan for research on handicapped children, 1976     

A new continuous-flow cell separation method based on cell density: principle, apparatus, and preliminary application to separation of human buffy coat

With the recent progress in transfusion medicine, separation and isolation of cells in a large quantity is becoming increasingly important. At present, the continuous cell separation method in a preparative scale is limited to apheresis and elutriation: the former is mainly used for collection of platelet and buffy coat from the whole blood, while the latter separates cells virtually according to their size. Here we introduce a continuous flow method that separates cells entirely based on cell density. The method is gentle and capable of processing a large number of cells. The potential capability of the method was demonstrated on separation of lymphocytes and granulocytes from human buffy coat. Lymphocytes were enriched to 90% in the fraction at density = 1.065 and granulocytes are isolated in fractions at density = 1.075-1.080 while red cells were completely retained at the periphery of the channel. CD34 cells were distributed around 1.065 and coeluted with lymphocytes, suggesting that further enrichment requires focusing the density gradient around 1.070. The method could process 10(9) nucleated cells in 2 hours. Our preliminary results suggest that the present method is an effective and efficient means to separate blood cells.     

正加速度致脑损伤和学习记忆障碍的多重机制假说

作者利用动物离心机较系统地研究了高G暴露对脑的影响及其机制，联系国内外加速度生理研究最新进展，提出了高G致脑损伤和学习记忆障碍的多重机制假说，认为高G暴露引起的脑缺血是导致脑损伤和学习记忆障碍的主要原因，其生物化学及分子生物学机制涉及脑能量代谢降低、脑离子平衡紊乱、血脑屏障通透性增加、脑一氧化氮合酶和c—fos表达增加及热休克蛋白(HSP70)的保护作用等；颅内压力剧烈变化和应力增加是高G致脑损伤的重要因素之一；血液流变学特性改变在高G致脑损伤中起一定作用。     

离心机转速的计量检测

离心机现已广泛应用于生物学、临床医学、检验医学、生物化学等实验室中,因其是样本检测前处理过程中重要的处理步骤,离心机的优劣直接影响到检验结果。为了能够对离心机的转速进行测量及评价,本文参照《JJG326—2006转速标准装置检定规程》,使用FLUKE公司型号为931型的组合式转速表对离心机进行检测,通过对不同离心机的检测,总结检测方法,并对检测结果进行分析,对离心机的精度进行合理评价。     

68型载人离心机转台静压支承油膜振荡现象分析和改进

转台静压支承油膜振荡是６８型载人离心机调试和使用中出现的现象，影响着该机的使用指标和转台的运转安全，本文对产生这一现象的原因进行了分析和探讨，采取了改进设计，减小动力力，提高供油压力和使用温度等措施，实验表明，通过采用以上措施可消除油膜振荡现象，改善设备性能，保证转台安全运转。