经自然腔道内镜手术：临床应用与未来展望

目的可弯曲内镜经自然腔道进入腹腔进行手术,标志着微创治疗在追求无瘢痕手术目标的重大进步。在众多研究机构数年的共同努力之下,自然腔道手术逐渐成为一种可靠的治疗方法,既能采用完全内镜方式,又可结合腹壁微创辅助支持。充满希望的手术结果,及能左右患者决定并可引起极大关注的总是寻找疗效确切、微创、恢复迅速的治疗手段。上述因素不断推动相应专业的发展,而各种技术壁垒的突破将使自然腔道-无瘢痕手术更为简便,并能重复进行,甚至用于治疗复杂病例。自然腔道手术具有结束外科手术与瘢痕疼痛如影随形历史的潜能,并因高度重视患者身心健全,成为一种极具吸引力的手术选择。     

NOTES-Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: Why not?

Since natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was first described by Anthony Kalloo, it has attracted tremendous interest from surgeons and gastroenterologist all around the world. This special issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery explores the current possibilities and future potential of the most disruptive revolution in the field of surgery represented by the NOTES approach. In the future, new technologies developed for this approach and deeper insight into several gastrointestinal diseases will lead to the design of completely new interventional procedures and change the way we will operate, bringing us to the previously unimaginable goal of "no scar surgery".     

Magnetic systems for cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a rapidly developing area of cancer treatment due to its higher specificity and potential for greater efficacy than traditional therapies. Immune cell modulation through the administration of drugs, proteins, and cells can enhance antitumoral responses through pathways that may be otherwise inhibited in the presence of immunosuppressive tumors. Magnetic systems offer several advantages for improving the performance of immunotherapies, including increased spatiotemporal control over transport, release, and dosing of immunomodulatory drugs within the body, resulting in reduced off-target effects and improved efficacy. Compared to alternative methods for stimulating drug release such as light and pH, magnetic systems enable several distinct methods for programming immune responses. First, we discuss how magnetic hyperthermia can stimulate immune cells and trigger thermoresponsive drug release. Second, we summarize how magnetically targeted delivery of drug carriers can increase the accumulation of drugs in target sites. Third, we review how biomaterials can undergo magnetically driven structural changes to enable remote release of encapsulated drugs. Fourth, we describe the use of magnetic particles for targeted interactions with cellular receptors for promoting antitumor activity. Finally, we discuss translational considerations of these systems, such as toxicity, clinical compatibility, and future opportunities for improving cancer treatment.