MRI evaluation of bulky tumor masses in the mesentery and bladder involvement in peritoneal carcinomatosis

AIM: Peritonectomy procedures with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia are an effective but costly treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Consequently a proper selection of patients is necessary. We evaluated the benefit of MRI prior to surgery, in the detection of two of the main surgery contraindications: bulky mesenteric tumors and bladder implants. METHODS: Three experts retrospectively reviewed abdominal and pelvic MRI from 19 cases of surgically proved PC (ovary: 7; colorectal: 7; gastric: 2; pseudomyxoma peritonei: 2; appendix: 1). RESULTS: Mesenteric tumors were always identified as hypersignal masses on axial and coronal fat suppression gadolinium-enhanced T1 images (n=3). Three out of five bladder implants were detected. The two cases of bladder implants that were not detected on MRI were missed because the bladder was not filled. The best sequence for the detection of bladder involvement was axial T2-weighted images with bladder filling. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating the preoperative resectability of PC is crucial for patient management. MRI seems to reliably detect bulky mesenteric tumors and bladder implants on condition the bladder is filled and appropriate sequences are used.     

The role of mast cells and histamine in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in four rat strains

 The objective of the present study was to determine the role of mast cells and histamine in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in mesenteric venules of four rat strains: Brown Norway, Lewis, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar. Intravital microscopy showed that the mast cell stabilizer cromoglycate (5 mg/kg i.v. just before exteriorization of the mesentery) did not affect the baseline level and velocity of leukocyte rolling in any of the four strains. This finding is in agreement with the observation that cromoglycate pretreatment only slightly influenced mast cell degranulation in all strains except the Brown Norway. After mast cell stabilization, only in Sprague-Dawley did topical administration of histamine (10^–4 M) result in a significant increase in the level of leukocyte rolling and a decrease in the rolling velocity compared with the time control. Histamine induced leukocyte adhesion only in the Brown Norway strain. In conclusion, the hypothesis presented in other studies, that degranulation of mast cells, and more specifically the release of histamine, is of major importance for the induction of leukocyte-endothelium interactions in rat mesenteric venules is not generally applicable; the present study shows a clear strain dependency. Received: 18 July 1997 / Received after revision: 17 November 1997 / Accepted: 13 March 1998     

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目的 探讨原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1993～2001年收治的18例原发性腹膜后及肠系膜脂肪肉瘤病人经手术治疗27例次的临床资料。结果 脂肪肉瘤占同期经手术探查的原发性腹膜后及肠系膜实体瘤的31．6％(18／57)；临床表现主要为进行性增大的腹部包块与消化道症状：病理类型以高分化型多见(13／18)；首诊后16例获得临床根治性切除，6例复发性脂肪肉瘤病人，共接受15次手术；全组合并单侧肾切除6例，部分结肠切除4例，部分空肠切除和胃大部切除各1例；肠系膜脂肪肉瘤手术多采用完整切除术(8／10)。结论 手术切除是目前唯一有效的治疗方法，必要时可行联合脏器切除术，但不应强求根治；为改善生存质量、延长生存期，对多发肿瘤不能完整切除者应积极实施姑息性减瘤术，多次复发者有条件可多次手术；采用完整切除术、尽量避免肠切除治疗对多发性及复发性肠系膜脂肪肉瘤具有重要临床价值。     

肠系膜巨大淋巴管瘤1例

正患者男,54岁,发现腹部包块2年,于1周前出现无诱因餐前疼痛入院。体格检查:腹部正中可触及大小约15cm×15cm肿物,质韧,边界清,全腹无压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。入院后CT全腹平扫示腹腔内软组织密度影,大小约56 mm×124 mm×150mm,CT值约为31 HU,边缘清晰,密度不均,其内可见散     

夏至草生物碱对失血性休克大鼠淋巴微循环的影响

目的 探讨夏至草生物碱（AHL）对失血性休克大鼠淋巴微循环的影响。方法Wistar大鼠16只。随机分成夏至草生物碱组（AHL组）和生理盐水组（NS组，n=8），经颈总动脉放血复制大鼠失血性休克模型．观察AHL对肠系膜淋巴微循环的影响。结果 失血性休克时，肠系膜淋巴微循环出现明显障碍。AHL可明显使肠系膜淋巴管口径扩张，收缩幅度增大，收缩频率加快，收缩性指数升高，其作用显著优于NS组（P〈0．05）。结论 AHL能明显改善失血性休克大鼠的淋巴微循环障碍。     

Giant Cystic Lymphangioma of the Small Bowel Mesentery: Report of a Case

We herein describe the case of a 48-year-old man who presented to our hospital with abdominal distension and pain. Preoperative studies including abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography failed to determine the cause of the pain. At laparotomy, a giant cystic tumor of the small bowel mesentery was found. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a cystic lymphangioma. Although mesenteric lymphangiomas are rare, especially in adults, they should be considered as a possible cause of acute abdomen. Received: August 8, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的：探索腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）低位、超低位前切除治疗低位直肠癌的可行性。方法：按TME原则、用双钉合技术（DST）,在腹腔镜下对62例低位直肠癌患者实施TME、DST低位、超低位结肠-肛肠吻合术。结果：手术时间11-210min,平均125min;术中出血5-80ml,平均20ml;术后1-2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5-14d,平均8d。1例患者因凝血障碍中转开腹,其他61例患者手术顺利。术后疼痛剂应用28例,除1例吻合口漏、1例尿潴留外,其余患者未见术中及术后并发症。结论：腹腔镜TME、低位、超低位吻合术治疗低位直肠癌,创伤小、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快,是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

直肠癌大组织切片系膜九分区法病理学研究

目的　探索直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术 (TME)的必要性和选择性全直肠系膜切除术(STME)的最佳切除范围。方法　以 31例直肠癌TME手术标本为对象 ,纵向由远及近以 5mm的间距连续取材 ,常规固定包埋 ,大组织切片机以 2 .5cm的间隔连续切片 ,HE染色 ,光学显微镜观察结果。将直肠系膜等分为内、中、外三个带 ,每带按左、右、后三个方向分为三个区 ,直肠癌在直肠系膜内的转移灶分别定位于上述九个区。结果　直肠系膜外带内癌转移 1 4例 (4 5 .2 % ) ,全部为低位直肠癌 ;远端直肠系膜 (DMR)内癌转移 2例 (6 .5 % ) ,均在原发灶下缘以远 3.0cm以内 ;环周切缘癌浸润 2例 (6 .5 % )。结论　低位直肠癌根治手术时 ,完整地切除直肠系膜非常必要 ;远端直肠系膜的切除应达到肿瘤下缘以远 4cm。     

完全经肛门TME腹腔镜直肠癌手术的实践与技巧

直肠癌的外科治疗经历了一个漫长的发展过程,全直肠系膜切除术(TME)的提出是一个里程碑,而同腹腔镜技术的结合使TME手术进入了微创时代。尽管与开放TME手术有同样的肿瘤根治效果,但在术后严重并发症的发生率及术后住院时间方面并无优势,因此无腹部辅助切口的完全腹腔镜TME技术:经肛全直肠系膜切除术(Ta TME)成为新热点。而进一步提出的完全经肛门TME手术(pure-NOTES Ta TME)更是将微创理念发挥到新的高度,并颠覆了常规直肠癌外科治疗自下而上的操作顺序,逆行经肛门进行TME。国内外学者非常关注这个新的理念的提出,笔者所在中心也开展了该术式并总结了一些经验和技巧。     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术

基于COLOR II等研究结果,腹腔镜直肠癌手术的地位得以逐步确立。手术切除是直肠癌最重要的治疗方法,对于上段直肠癌,前切除术是标准术式;对于中下段直肠癌,需遵循全直肠系膜切除(TME)的原则,选择低位前切除术或者腹会阴联合切除术。R0切除是手术治疗的核心要素,这包括两层含义:其一是淋巴结清扫范围需要达到D2水平,其二是标本的远、近端切缘以及环周切缘均需为阴性。准确地解剖出肠系膜下动脉、左结肠动脉以及直肠上动脉,是保证淋巴清扫范围的基础,循"神圣平面"解剖分离直肠系膜是环周切缘阴性和标本完整的保证。