LCMS-IT-TOF法快速分析薄荷黄酮部位的主要化学成分

目的快速分析鉴别薄荷黄酮部位的化学成分。方法采用高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱法(LCMS-IT-TOF)对薄荷黄酮部位化学成分进行分析,Sunfire C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150mm,5μm),甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源为质谱离子源,同时采用正、负离子检测模式,获得不同化合物的多级质谱数据。结果根据高分辨质谱结果和MS/MS碎片信息,结合对照品质谱信息及相关文献,共鉴定推断出12个黄酮类化合物,其中4个黄酮苷:芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖、香叶木苷、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖、蒙花苷;6个黄酮苷元:5,6-二羟基-7,8,3',4'-四甲氧基黄酮、栀子黄素B、5,6-二羟基-7,8,4'-三甲氧基黄酮、刺槐素、5-羟基-6,7,8,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮、香叶木素;1个黄酮醇苷:芦丁;1个二氢黄酮苷:橙皮苷。结论 LCMS-IT-TOF能快速有效地分析薄荷黄酮部位的化学成分,为其进一步研究提供物质基础。     

Antibacterial effects of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh

Context: The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infections. The antibacterial properties of medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh have not been investigated.

Objective: The present study examines the antibacterial properties of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in day-to-day practice against human pathogenic bacteria.

Materials and methods: Leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, roots and rhizomes from collected plants were successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The corresponding 54 extracts were tested against six human pathogenic bacteria by broth microdilution assay. The antibacterial mode of actions of phytoconstituents and their synergistic effect with vancomycin and cefotaxime towards MRSA was determined by time-killing assay and synergistic interaction assay, respectively.

Results and discussion: Hexane extract of bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. (Lauraceae) inhibited the growth of MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii with MIC values below 100 µg/mL. From this plant, cinnamaldehyde evoked at 4?×?MIC in 1?h an irreversible decrease of MRSA count Log10 (CFU/mL) from 6 to 0, and was synergistic with vancomycin for MRSA with fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.3.

Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the medicinal plants in Bangladesh have high potential to improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infection.     

薄荷药材的提取与含量测定

目的探讨建立薄荷药材的提取和含量测定方法。方法以薄荷脑为指标成分,采用DM—FFAP弹性石英毛细管柱,初始柱温为120℃,以2℃／min升温至140＇C,然后以15℃／min升温至220℃,保持5min。比较索氏提取、加热回流、超声提取法的差异,并优选最佳提取方法。结果最佳提取工艺：加10倍量无水乙醇溶液85℃回流提取1h。薄荷脑在34．034～343．04μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99．00％,RSD=1．87％（n=6）。结论本文所建立的提取和含量测定方法快速简便、结果可靠,可为薄荷药材质量控制提供科学依据。     

New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS,SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies

Background: Fungi growing on wood cause deterioration of stored food materials or discoloration of the wood itself, and the search for new and safe bioagents is recently needed. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts from Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L., analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were tested for their antifungal activity by the vapor method against four common fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Fusarium culmorum, and confirmed by SEM examination as the oils applied on wood samples. Results: The most abundant compounds identified in the EO from M. longifolia were menthone and eucalyptol; in C. reticulata EO, they were β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-elemene. EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, with 100% fungal mycelial inhibition growth (FMIG). C. reticulata and M. longifolia EOs, at 125 µL/mL, observed FMIG values of 98% and 95%, respectively, against A. fumigatus. M. longifolia EO, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent activity against A. niger, with 100% FMIG. F. culmorum completely inhibited (100% FMIG) EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata applied at 500 µL/mL. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood, treated with M. longifolia at 125 µL/mL, showed inhibition zone values of 7.33 and 21.33 mm against A. flavus and A. niger, respectively. Conclusions: Both oils possessed good wood-biofungicide activity with the vapor method, as clearly shown by the SEM examination. These activities suggest their possible use as natural wood preservatives.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Plant Extracts Films: Preparation,Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Studies against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

In this study, we aim to obtain biomaterials with antibacterial properties by combining poly(vinyl alcohol) with the extracts obtained from various selected plants from Romania. Natural herbal extracts of freshly picked flowers of the lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia) and leaves of the peppermint plant (Mentha piperita), hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.), verbena plant (Verbena officinalis) and sage plant (Salvia officinalis folium) were selected after an intensive analyzing of diverse medicinal plants often used as antibacterial and healing agents from the country flora. The plant extracts were characterized by different methods such as totals of phenols and flavonoids content and UV-is spectroscopy. The highest amounts of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively, were recorded for Salvia officinalis. Moreover, the obtained films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) loaded with plant extracts were studied concerning the surface properties and their antibacterial or cytotoxicity activity. The Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared analysis described the successfully incorporation of each plant extract in the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, while the profilometry demonstrated the enhanced surface properties. The results showed that the plant extracts conferred significant antibacterial effects to films toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and are not toxic against fibroblastic cells from the rabbit.     

亚洲薄荷的快速繁殖及炼苗

目的建立亚洲薄荷的快速繁殖及炼苗方法。方法采用正交设计试验,对影响亚洲薄荷生根的3个主要因素吲哚乙酸（indole butyric acid,IBA）,萘乙酸（naphthalene acetic acid,NAA）及Marshing-Shong（MS）培养基的3个水平进行考察,检测亚洲薄荷的平均根长和平均根数,优化亚洲薄荷的生根培养基;经过炼苗达到种植要求。结果综合考虑平均生根数和平均根长指标,并考虑到培养基配制方便,确定亚洲薄荷最佳生根培养基为：1/2 MS＋IBA（0.4 mg/L）＋NAA（1.0 mg/L）。结论该优化方案切实可行,能够满足亚洲薄荷下一步互作研究。     

Spearmint induced hypothalamic oxidative stress and testicular anti-androgenicity in male rats – altered levels of gene expression, enzymes and hormones

Mentha spicata Labiatae, commonly known as spearmint, can be used for various kinds of illnesses in herbal medicines and food industries. One of the prominent functions of this plant extract is its anti-androgenic activity. The present study investigated the probable correlation between oxidative stress in hypothalamic region and anti-androgenic action of this plant’s aqueous extract on rats. Decreased activities of enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in hypothalamus of treated rats indicated spearmint induced oxidative stress. Further RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated the decreased expression of some of the steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450scc, cytochrome P450C17, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and other related proteins like, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, androgen receptor and scavenger receptor class B-1. Further, in vitro enzyme assays demonstrated depressed activities of testicular 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD enzymes. Histopathology indicated a decreased sperm density in cauda epididymis and degeneration of ductus deference. Our study suggested that spearmint probably induced oxidative stress in hypothalamus resulting in decreased synthesis of LH and FSH which in turn down-regulated the production of testicular testosterone through the disruption of a number of intermediate cascades.     

Bioactivity studies on beta-sitosterol and its glucoside

Beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside were isolated as analgesic constituents from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz. The acetic acid-induced writhing test showed that beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside decreased the number of squirms induced by acetic acid by 70.0% and 73.0%, respectively, at a dose of 100 mg / kg mouse. Statistical analysis using the Kruskall Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks showed that these isolates approximate the analgesic activity of mefenamic acid at a 0.001 level of significance. The hot plate method confirmed their analgesic activities, as beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside exhibited a 300% and 157% increase in pain tolerance, respectively, while mefenamic acid, a known analgesic, showed a 171% increase. Neither isolate exhibited antiinflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema assay. Beta-sitosterol also exhibited anthelminthic and antimutagenic activities. In vitro tests using live Ascaris suum as test animals showed that the behaviour of worms treated with beta-sitosterol approximated that of the positive controls, Combantrin and Antiox. An in vivo micronucleus test showed that beta-sitosterol inhibited the mutagenicity of tetracycline by 65.3% at a dose of 0.5 mg /kg mouse. At the same dose, it did not exhibit chromosome-breaking activity.     

In vitro study on the transfer of volatile oil components

The following volatile oils were tested in vitro: chamomile (Matricaria recutica L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) to obtain information on which components of volatile oils or minerals are able to pass through the membranes under different conditions. The transfer of chamomile and peppermint oil from aqueous volatile oil to the stomach (pH=1.1) and then to the plasma (pH=7.5) was studied, and the transfer of sage oil through the skin (from pH=5.5 to pH=7.5) was examined. The transfer of some components was more favorable than that of others. The transfer of chamomile oil was faster to buffer pH=1.1 than from buffer pH=1.1 to buffer pH=7.5 and most of the components, except for chamazulene, passed through the membranes. In the case of peppermint the components went through the membranes in the first 15 min although the main components mostly remained in the initial solution. The sage oil transferred showed the same characteristics as the starting oil. A small amount of metal present in the volatile oils also passed through the membranes. The transfer of metals varied, depending on the time, type of the oil, metal quality and the conditions applied.     

GC-MS鉴别清热抗感颗粒中青蒿、荆芥穗和薄荷

[目的]采用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)同时鉴别清热抗感颗粒中的青蒿、荆芥穗和薄荷。[方法]采用SPB-5(30m×0.25mm×0.32μm)MS弹性石英毛细管柱,程序升温,以EI离子源和四极杆质量分析器进行分析。以清热抗感颗粒与青蒿、荆芥穗、薄荷的挥发油的总离子流色谱图(TIC)图谱相比较。[结果]从清热抗感颗粒中提取的挥发油中鉴别出来自青蒿的α-愈创木烯、金合欢烯、芹子烯等,来自荆芥穗的胡薄荷酮和来自薄荷中的薄荷醇等主要挥发性成分。[结论]GC-MS可同时鉴别复方中药制剂清热抗感颗粒中含挥发性成分的组成药味。