Comparative in vitro activity of l-ofloxacin and FK037 to other agents against 10,040 fresh clinical isolates

Fresh clinical isolates collected from November 1, 1992 through November 1, 1993, were tested by agar dilution against 26 different antimicrobial agents including FK037 and l-ofloxacin. Among the 10 040 organisms tested were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1222), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 455), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 533), Staphylococcus hominis (n = 90), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (n = 89), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 144), Escherichia coli (n = 2326), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 745), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 258), Proteus mirabilis (n = 445), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 998), and Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia (n = 102). Both l-ofloxacin and FK037 inhibited 98% of S. aureus strains at 4 mug/ml. FK037 was at least 4 times more effective than the third generation cephalosporins against MRSA, inhibiting 79% of the strains at 16 mug/ml. While the potency of these agents looks promising, their clinical utility will depend in part upon the maximal dosage that can be safely administered.     

五倍子乙醇提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的　观察五倍子乙醇提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性 ,为临床应用和新药研究提供依据。方法　采用新的中药抑菌实验方法 ,对五倍子提取物进行 2 36株表皮葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定 ,并与五倍子水煎剂进行抑菌效果对比。结果　五倍子提取物对 2 36株表皮葡萄球菌中的 12 7株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌 (methicillin -resistantstaphylococcusepider midis ,MRSE)和 10 9株甲氧西林敏感的表皮葡萄球菌 (methicillin -sensitivestaphylococcusepidermidis,MSSE)的MIC90 分别为 1.15和 0 .2 88mg·ml-1。结论　五倍子乙醇提取物对 2 36株表皮葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌作用。     

苦参提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的观察苦参提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床应用和新药研究提供依据。方法采用中药抑菌实验方法,对苦参提取物进行208株表皮葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定。结果苦参提取物对208株表皮葡萄球菌中的110株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)和98株甲氧西林敏感表皮葡萄球菌(MSSE)的MIC90分别为1 185μg/ml和286μg/ml。结论苦参提取物对208株表皮葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌作用。     

国产替考拉宁对耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性观察

评价国产替考拉宁对耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）和甲氧西林敏感表皮葡萄球菌（MSSE）的体外抗菌活性，用琼脂二倍稀释法测定了84株MRSE和28株MSSE临床菌株的最低抑菌浓度，并与万古霉素进行了比较，结果表明国产替考拉宁对48株MRSE和28株MSSE抑菌效果较好，其敏感率分别为97．62％和100％。     

临床分离耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌SCCmec型别多样性分析

目的探讨临床分离耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)SCCmec型别。方法收集临床分离并经全自动微生物鉴定系统准确鉴定的表皮葡萄球菌84株,通过PCR扩增esp和mecA基因准确鉴定MRSE,采用多重PCR对MRSE SCCmec进行分型,分析其分布特点。结果 PCR扩增结果显示,84株临床分离表皮葡萄球菌均可扩增出esp基因,mecA检出率为76.19%(64/84),其中血液、痰液、尿液和伤口分泌物MRSE检出率分别为76.8%、68.8%、100.0%和71.4%。多重PCR扩增结果显示,64株MRSE中,SCCmec单一型别为22株,其中SCCmecⅠ型19株、SCCmecⅢ型3株;SCCmec混合型为42株,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ混合型2株,Ⅰ、Ⅲ混合型14株,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型12株,Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型5株,Ⅲ、Ⅳ混合型9株。结论临床分离的MRSE SCCmec型别存在明显的多样性,以混合SCCmec型别为主。     

Comparative in vitro activity of -ofloxacin and FK037 to other agents against 10,040 fresh clinical isolates

Fresh clinical isolates collected from November 1, 1992 through November 1, 1993, were tested by agar dilution against 26 different antimicrobial agents including FK037 and -ofloxacin. Among the 10 040 organisms tested were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1222), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 455), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 533), Staphylococcus hominis (n = 90), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (n = 89), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 144), Escherichia coli (n = 2326), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 745), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 258), Proteus mirabilis (n = 445), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 998), and Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia (n = 102). Both -ofloxacin and FK037 inhibited 98% of S. aureus strains at 4 μg/ml. FK037 was at least 4 times more effective than the third generation cephalosporins against MRSA, inhibiting 79% of the strains at 16 μg/ml. While the potency of these agents looks promising, their clinical utility will depend in part upon the maximal dosage that can be safely administered.     

临床药师参与左股骨骨折合并MRS感染并发重症多形红斑型药疹的药学监护

目的:临床药师通过参与左股骨骨折后合并甲氧西林耐药的表皮葡萄球菌感染并发重症多形红斑型药疹患者的药物治疗实践,优化选择有利于患者药物治疗的方案。方法:临床药师根据患者的病情变化,提供咨询意见,与临床医师协商,制定针对性的治疗方案,并随时调整。结果:经过1个月的抗感染和激素治疗,终于成功控制患者的感染和严重的不良反应。结论:临床药师参与临床治疗实践,有利于及时发现和处理患者的不良反应,并提高药物治疗水平。     

新型截短侧耳素衍生物的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究新型截短侧耳素衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA和MRSA)和表皮葡萄球菌(MSSE和MRSE)的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其对MSSA、MRSA、MSSE和MRSE的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:新型截短侧耳素衍生物15,16a,16b对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的MIC值均小于1μg·mL-1,抑菌效果明显优于阿莫西林。结论:新型截短侧耳素衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有很强的抑菌作用。     

五倍子提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的抗菌作用及其扫描和透射电镜观察

目的观察五倍子乙醇提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性及其在电镜下菌细胞形态超微结构的变化.方法采用新的中药抑菌实验方法对五倍子乙醇提取物进行236株表皮葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定,同时用电镜观察用药后细菌细胞的形态改变.结果五倍子乙醇提取物对127株耐甲氧西林的表皮葡萄球菌(methicillin-resi stant staphylococcus epidermidi s,MRSE)和109株甲氧西林敏感的表皮葡萄球菌(methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis,MSSE)的MIC90分别为0.575、0.288 mg/mL;在电镜下观察经五倍子处理的表皮葡萄球菌菌细胞的超微结构,扫描电镜显示菌细胞形态大小不等,排列不整齐,大多数菌细胞的细胞壁破裂;在透射电镜下,菌细胞细胞壁结构、层次不请,胞浆膜层次不分明,细胞质内含物大多消失,细胞浆内包含体和染色体模糊不清.结论五倍子乙醇提取物对236株表皮葡萄球菌具有较强的抗菌作用.     

30例肺部感染患者的抗菌药物应用分析

目的:调查临床肺部感染的抗菌药物使用情况,提出合理使用抗菌药物建议.方法: 30例有病原学检查结果的肺部感染患者,将其病原学检查之前的选药与药物敏感试验结果进行比较.结果:17例真菌感染,在病原学检查之前仅1例使用过大蒜素;在病原学检查后,仅3例使用伊曲康唑,其他13例用大蒜素, 1例死亡.9例G－杆菌感染中,仅2例药物敏感试验前用药与药物敏感试验相符,4例可能相符,3例用药不当.4例耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)感染,无一例用万古霉素.结论:①真菌引起的肺部感染应引起重视;②应用抗真菌药物应规范;③经验用药对条件致病菌和真菌引起的感染无效;④针对MRSE,不应放弃首先选用万古霉素的原则.