Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

MPO和NAT2基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性

目的研究髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和N-乙酰基转移酶2（NAT2）基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性的关系.方法用1∶1配对病例-对照研究方法,收集成人急性白血病患者和对照各139例,应用聚合酶链-内切酶片段（PCR-RFLP）方法分析病例组和对照组MPO和NAT2的基因多态性,比较不同基因型与成人急性白血病易感性.结果 MPO-463A等位基因分布频率病例组低于对照组,MPO（G-463A）各基因型在病例组与对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.026,P〈0.05,OR=0.505,95%CI=0.325～0.847）.NAT2乙酰化表型频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.260,P〉0.05）;但NAT2＊5 481T等位基因和NAT2＊6 590A等位基因分布频率病例组高于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 MPO与成人急性白血病易感性相关,携带MPO（G-463A）突变基因型（GA/AA）个体可降低白血病的发病风险;NAT2乙酰化表型可能与白血病的易感性无关,但NAT2＊5（C481T）、NAT2＊6（G590A）单核苷酸突变频率病例组明显高于对照组.     

鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应及环磷酰胺影响

目的 探讨脑缺血再灌注不同缺血区域炎症反应特点及环磷酰胺影响.方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组、对照组、环磷酰胺预处理组,建立局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.用免疫组化法和生化法观察额顶部皮质和基底节区P-选择素表达、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性变化;并进行TTC染色和HE染色.结果 (1)再灌注3h缺血侧额顶部皮质和基底节区出现P-选择素表达,12h达高峰.环磷酰胺预处理组和对照组相比较,差异无显著性(P＞o.05).(2)再灌注12h以后MPO活性明显升高.基底节区的MPO活性在再灌注48h达到高峰后下降.额顶部皮质MPO活性在再灌注24h达到高峰后至96h仍维持较高水平.和对照组相比较,环磷酰胺预处理组MP(活性升高受抑制(P＜0.05).(3)环磷酰胺预处理可显著缩小脑梗死体积(P＜0.05).结论 (1)脑缺血再灌注损伤存在主动性炎症反应,额顶部皮质比基底节区的炎症反应更持久和剧烈.(2)环磷酰胺减少缺血侧中性粒细胞浸润数量,具有神经保护作用,但不直接影响P-选择素的表达.     

髓过氧化物酶在大鼠哮喘中的作用及地塞米松对其的影响

目的：观察大鼠哮喘中性粒细胞（PMN）及其髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的表达水平及地塞米松（DM）对其的影响。方法：采用大鼠哮喘模型，随机分成哮喘组（A组）、正常对照组（C组）、地塞米松治疗组（D组），对血PMN进行分离纯化和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行细胞计数，免疫组化和比色法测定MPO的表达水平。结果：（1）A组血PMN和支气管壁中MPO的表达水平均显著高于C组（P〈0．01）；D组血PMN中其表达水平显著低于A组（P〈0．01），而在支气管壁两者没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。A组肺组织和BALF中MPO的活性均显著高于C组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），D组肺组织中其活性显著性低于A组（P〈0．01），而在BALF中两者没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。（2）A组BALF、肺组织中PMN的计数均显著高于C组（P〈0．01）；D组肺组织中其计数显著高于A组（P〈0．01），而两组BALF中PMN占细胞总数的百分比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：PMN及其MPO的表达水平在哮喘时增加，PMN可能通过合成MPO参与了哮喘的炎症过程，DM对其合成功能有抑制作用，但加剧PMN在肺组织中聚集。MPO与气道中PMN的浸润密切相关。     

B cell epitope specificity in ANCA‐associated vasculitis: does it matter?

Pauci‐immune idiopathic small‐vessel vasculitis is strongly associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA). Antibodies to PR3 predominate in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis; antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are found more frequently in patients with microscopic polyangiitis. There is increasing in vivo and in vitro evidence for a pathogenic role of ANCA in systemic vasculitis based on associations of ANCA with disease activity. If ANCA are pathogenic, why is the course of disease different from one patient to another? Antibodies can recognize different binding sites (epitopes) on their corresponding antigens. Differences in binding specificity may influence the pathogenic potential of the antibodies. Differences between epitope specificity of ANCA between patients or changes in epitope specificity of ANCA in time in an individual patient may, accordingly, result in differences in disease expression. This review will focus on epitope specificity of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases and especially on the epitope specificity of PR3– and MPO–ANCA. We will discuss whether PR3–ANCA or MPO–ANCA recognize different epitopes on PR3 and MPO, respectively, and whether the epitopes recognized by ANCA change in parallel with the disease activity of ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Finally, we will speculate if the direct pathogenic role of ANCA can be ascribed to one relapse‐ or disease‐inducing epitope. Characterization of relapse‐ or disease‐inducing epitopes bound by PR3–ANCA and MPO–ANCA is significant for understanding initiation and reactivation of ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Elucidating a disease‐inducing epitope bound by ANCA may lead to the development of epitope‐specific therapeutic strategies.     

Polymorphic metabolizing genes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis among cigarette smokers

Atherosclerosis (AR) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and cigarette smoking is a major contributing factor to the disease. Like cigarette smoking in lung cancer, genetic susceptibility may be an important factor in determining who is more likely to develop AR. However, the current emphasis has been on susceptibility based on altered cardiovascular homeostasis. In this investigation, we studied 120 AR patients and 90 matched controls to elucidate the association between polymorphisms in some metabolizing genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP2E1, mEH, PON1, and MPO) and susceptibility to AR. We found that the GSTT1 null allele and the fast allele of mEH(*) (exon 4) are associated with risk for AR. Furthermore, the combined genotypes GSTM1 null/ CYP2E1(*)5B, GSTM1 null/mEH YY, and GSTT1 null/mEH YY are significantly associated with susceptibility to AR (OR = 15.42, 95% CI = 1.33-77.93, P = 0.021; OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.63-8.04, P = 0.0008; OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 0.99-17.38, P = 0.05; respectively). We have also conducted cytogenetic analysis to elucidate if induction of chromosome aberrations (CAs) is a biomarker of AR susceptibility. We found that among cigarette smokers (AR patients and smoker controls), individuals having the GSTM1 null allele had a significantly higher frequency of CAs compared to those with the normal allele (P < 0.05). This association was not found among nonsmokers. In addition, individuals who had inherited the CYP2E1(*)5B allele exhibited a significantly higher CA frequency (8.0 +/- 0.82) compared to those with the CYP2E1 wild-type genotype (4.31 +/- 0.35). Since the analysis of genetic susceptibility factors is still in its infancy, our study may stimulate additional investigations to understand the roles of genetic susceptibility and cigarette smoking in AR.     

A lectin horseradish peroxidase study of the origin of ascending fibers in the medial forebrain bundle of the rat. The lower brainstem

The origins of projections within the medial forebrain bundle from the lower brainstem were examined with the horseradish peroxidase technique. Labeled cells were found in at least 15 lower brainstem nuclei following injections of a conjugate or horseradish peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin at various levels of the medial forebrain bundle. Dense labeling was observed in the following cell groups (from caudal to rostral): A1 (above the lateral reticular nucleus); A2 (mainly within the nucleus of the solitary tract); a distinct group of cell trailing ventrolaterally from the medial longitudinal fasciculus at the level of the rostral pole of the inferior olive; raphe magnus; nucleus incertus; dorsolateral tegmental nucleus (of Castaldi); locus coeruleus; nucleus subcoeruleus; caudal part of the dorsal (lateral) parabrachial nucleus; and raphe pontis. Distinct but light labeling was seen in raphe pallidus and obscurus, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, nucleus gigantocellularis pars ventralis, and the ventral (medial) parabrachial nucleus. Sparse labeling was observed throughout the medullary and caudal pontine reticular formation. Several lower brainstem nuclei were found to send strong projections along the medial forebrain bundle to very anterior levels of the forebrain. They were: A1, A2, raphe magnus (rostral part), nucleus incertus, dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, raphe pontis and locus coeruleus. With the exception of the locus coeruleus, attention has only recently been directed to the ascending projections of most of the nuclei mentioned above. Evidence was reviewed indicating that fibers from lower brainstem nuclei with ascending medial forebrain bundle projections distribute to widespread regions of the forebrain.It is concluded from the present findings that several medullary cell groups are capable of exerting a direct effect on the forebrain and that the medial forebrain bundle is the major ascending link between the lower brainstem and the forebrain.     

吴茱萸次碱对小鼠溃疡性肠炎的治疗作用

目的:观察吴茱萸次碱治疗小鼠急性结肠炎的药效及对豚鼠肠道平滑肌运动的影响。方法:2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)／乙醇灌肠制作小鼠急性结肠炎模型,经口给予吴茱萸次碱10、30、100 mg·kg-1,观察吴茱萸次碱对小鼠腹泻,组织形态损伤,结肠组织PGE2含量、MPO活力以及对乙酰胆碱、组胺作用下豚鼠离体肠管收缩运动的影响。结果:DNCB诱发结肠炎后,小鼠出现腹泻、充血、溃疡、肠壁增厚等变化。经口给予吴茱萸次碱后,可以显著改善小鼠的腹泻、组织损伤,并且能够降低结肠组织中MPO活性和PGE2的含量,对乙酰胆碱及组胺作用下豚鼠离体肠管收缩亦表现出显著的对抗作用。结论:吴茱萸次碱可以抑制炎性浸润、渗出和组织增生,减轻结肠黏膜的病理损害和抑制肠道平滑肌运动,对实验性动物急性结肠炎有较好的治疗作用。     

补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2017年6月—2018年6月在邯郸市第二医院治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者94例,根据住院号分为对照组(47例)和治疗组(47例)。对照组患者口服尼可地尔片,10 mg/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服补心气口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗3个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者心电图改善情况、心绞痛发作次数和持续时间及血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组患者临床和心电图有效率分别为80.85%和82.98%,均分别显著低于治疗组的95.74%和97.87%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心绞痛发作次数、持续时间较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组心绞痛发作次数和持续时间比对照组降低更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和肌钙蛋白(CTnI)水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组上述血清学指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛能够明显改善患者心绞痛症状,降低机体炎症反应,降低心肌损害,具有一定的临床应用价值。