96例急性迟缓性麻痹病例监测分析

目的：观察急性迟缓性麻痹病例（AFP）在我市的发病状况。方法：对96例急性迟缓性麻痹病人采集48h内粪便进行病毒分离，并进行个案调查与随访。结果：96例中，7例分布于城镇，89例分布于农村；格林-巴利综合征55例（57.3%）-横断性脊髓炎16例（16.6%）、神经炎11例（11.5%）、重症肌无力12例（12.5%）、与疫苗相关的脊髓灰质炎AFP病例（VAPP）2例（2.08%）。结论：防疫部门与各级医院加强合作和直接管理能及时了解发病状况。市髓灰质炎减毒疫苗（OPV）免疫工作尚存不足，宣讲教育应进一步加强。     

Injured worker helplessness: Critical relationships and systems level approach for intervention

An appropriate paradigm for explaining the evident problems of motivating the workers' compensation claimant toward occupational recovery may be found in the learned helplessness model. This article examines the critical relationships in the workers' compensation system and the potential for development of the injured worker helplessness within that system. The author offers the learned helplessness model as an alternative framework through which injured worker behavior can be explained and understood. It is suggested that the non-contingent rewards and the uncontrollable dynamics characteristic of workers' compensation systems lead to claimants' learning helplessness. Finally, a total quality managed disability prevention system is offered as the organization's best approach to reducing the likelihood of learned helplessness.     

读《金匮要略心典》

尤怡的<金匮要略心典>是对张仲景<金匮要略>的注释、概括,具有较高的学术价值,从文学角度与医学价值上探讨尤在泾<金匮要略心典>中所体现的文化内涵及学术特色.     

Systematic assessment of South Korea’s capabilities to control COVID-19

South Korea’s COVID-19 control strategy has been widely emulated. Korea’s ability to rapidly achieve disease control in early 2020 without a “Great Lockdown” despite its proximity to China and high population density make its achievement particularly intriguing. This paper helps explain Korea’s pre-existing capabilities which enabled the rapid and effective implementation of its COVID-19 control strategies. A systematic assessment across multiple domains demonstrates that South Korea’s advantages in controlling its epidemic are owed tremendously to legal and organizational reforms enacted after the MERS outbreak in 2015. Successful implementation of the Korean strategy required more than just a set of actions, measures and policies. It relied on a pre-existing legal framework, financing arrangements, governance and a workforce experienced in outbreak management.     

COVID-19 impact on pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and opportunities

The first case of COVID-19 was announced at the end of year 2019, and later many cases were identified worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the first case was announced on 2 March 2020. To prevent the spread of this pandemic disease, many precautionary actions were taken by Saudi government. One of these actions was closing public and private schools and universities and transfer the educational activities to virtual platforms. All colleges of Pharmacy in Saudi Arabia, whether the 21 public or the eight private ones, were affected by those sudden transitions and their responses varied according to their preparedness levels. Here we shared our experience in king Saud University in the curricular components of pharmacy school that includes classroom teaching, laboratory teaching, experiential training, assessment, and extracurricular activity and student support during COVID-19 compulsory lockdown. Lastly, we presented the lesson learned toward pharmacy education from COVID-19 pandemic.     

BEHAVIORAL EXCESSES IN DEPRESSION: A LEARNING THEORY HYPOTHESIS

This paper reviews two learning theory‐based models of experiential contributions to depression: response contingent positive reinforcement and learned helplessness. The authors argue that these models connect to a phenomenon that may explain why symptoms of behavioral excess (e.g. rumination) often occur in depression that is otherwise marked by symptoms of behavioral deficit (e.g. anhedonia). Specifically, the authors illustrate that that concept of schedule strain (or low rates of response contingent reinforcement giving rise to low frequencies of behavior) unites these models. Depression is more likely, or more severe, when schedule strain conditions occur in situations containing reinforcers important to the individual and/or when they simultaneously occur in a number of situations. Conditions of schedule strain are known to give rise to adjunctive behaviors: apparently irrelevant, easy behaviors that deliver immediate reinforcement. This paper suggests that, for some depressed individuals, behavioral excess symptoms like rumination and overeating might serve adjunctive functions. Implications of this hypothesis are discussed.