Anticancer activities of the extract from Longkong (Lansium domesticum) young fruits

Context: “Longkong”(Lansium domesticum Corr., Family: Meliaceae) is a fruit found in the south of Thailand. This plant has been used in traditional medicines.

Objectives: To investigate the antiproliferative activities and the phytoconstituents of Longkong extracts.

Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of 48 extracts were tested using the SRB assay and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining, respectively. The extracts which gave the highest anticancer activity were selected to prepare the semipurified extracts and analysis for the constituents by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

Results: The highest percentage yield (59.38%) was from the cold water extract of Longkong ripe fruits (RFWC). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in cold and hot methanol extract of Longkong stalks (STMC and STMH). The hot and cold chloroform young Longkong fruit extracts (YFCH and YFCC) exhibited a cytotoxic effect (IC₅₀ < 1 mg/mL) against cancer cells. For apoptotic induction, YFCH demonstrated the highest activity against KB of 13.84 ± 4.21% at 0.5 mg/mL which was 0.88 and 1.35 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively, while apoptotic cells in HT-29 were 8.68 ± 1.85% at 5 mg/mL, which was 0.61 and 1.43 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively. YFCC showed the highest apoptotic effect against KB cells at 10.70 ± 2.15% at 0.5 mg/mL, which was 0.68 and 1.07 times of cisplatin and 5-FU, respectively. The major phytoconstituents in YFCH were hexadecanoic acid (11.53%) and ethyl oleate (10.58%).

Discussion and conclusion: The crude extracts of Longkong showed anticancer activities and may provide new lead compounds for the development of anticancer products.     

砖火丝菌对电离辐射抗力测定方法的研究

研究了测定砖火丝菌对电离辐射抗力的方法,并对用美国卫生工业制造者协会“筛选程序”分离自棉制医用敷料的２株砖火丝菌进行了测定。结果表明,对琼脂平板上砖火丝菌培养物,采用沙洗法（以１４０目细沙代替常规法中的玻璃珠）洗脱,效果较好。对悬液中及干燥于纱布和琼脂片表面火丝菌,经剂量率为 １０～ ２０ ｋＧｙ／ ｈ的６０钴γ射线辐照,用剂量－存活曲线法和部分阳性测定法测得γ射线对火丝菌 Ｄ１０值在 ２．０～３．０ ｋＧｙ之间。其中,部分阳性测定法测得 Ｄ１０值较高,干燥于纱布表面砖火丝菌抗力较弱。     

Lansium domesticum—A Fruit with Multi-Benefits: Traditional Uses,Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value,and Bioactivities

Lansium domesticum (Langsat, Meliaceae) is a tropical fruit mainly found in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Traditionally, it is utilized as a folk treatment for eye inflammation, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, spasms, flatulence, worms, insect bites, scorpion stings, and malaria. Additionally, it is utilized as a mosquito repellent, skin moisturizer and whitening agent. Pharmacological research showed that the plant has a wide array of bioactivities, including antimalarial, antifeedant, anti-aging, wound healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, insecticidal, and larvicidal. The most commonly described activities were attributed to the presence of terpenoids and phenolics. Further, some studies reported the preparation of nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations from the plant. This review highlights the potential of L. domesticum as herbal medicine. It provides an overview about the reported data on L. domesticum from 1931 to November 2021, including nutritional value, traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and bioactivities, as well as nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations.     

Determination of Free Radical Scavenging,Antioxidative DNA Damage Activities and Phytochemical Components of Active Fractions from Lansium domesticum Corr. Fruit

Lansium domesticum Corr. or “long-kong” is one of the most popular fruits in Thailand. Its peel (skin, SK) and seeds (SD) become waste unless recycled or applied for use. This study was undertaken to determine the bioactivity and phytochemical components of L. domesticum (LD) skin and seed extracts. Following various extraction and fractionation procedures, 12 fractions were obtained. All fractions were tested for antioxidant capacity against O₂^−• and OH^•. It was found that the peel of L. domesticum fruits exhibited higher O₂^−• and OH^• scavenging activity than seeds. High potential antioxidant activity was found in two fractions of 50% ethanol extract of peel followed by ethyl acetate (EA) fractionation (LDSK50-EA) and its aqueous phase (LDSK50-H₂O). Therefore, these two active fractions were selected for further studies on their antioxidative activity against DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in human TK6 cells using comet assay. The comet results revealed DNA-protective activity of both LDSK50-EA and LDSK50-H₂O fractions when TK6 human lymphoblast cells were pre-treated at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 24 h prior to H₂O₂ exposure. The phytochemical analysis illustrated the presence of phenolic substances, mainly scopoletin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, in these two active fractions. This study generates new information on the biological activity of L. domesticum. It will promote and strengthen the utilization of L. domesticum by-products.