经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的 观察后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 自1999年至今，共有16例脊髓型颈椎病患者经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗，对治疗结果进行临床及X线评定。结果 通过平均2年5个月的随访，所有病例都得到了改善，其中优6例、良8例、可2例，优良率为93．8％；术后椎管矢状径平均增加4．2mm，钛网无位置变化，并已被再生骨固定。结论 在进行后路减压的同时，钛网椎板成形及侧块内固定，尤其适用于有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病并椎管狭窄、后纵韧带骨化症的治疗。     

术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系

目的 探讨术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学大兴教学医院骨科2017年1月-2018年12月58例行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者临床资料,其中男45例、女13例,年龄49~85岁(平均64.8岁)。术前测量患者中立侧位X线片上的T₁倾斜角、矢状面垂直轴(SVA),以及中立侧位、过伸位X线片的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。随访12~24个月,术后再次测量中立侧位X线片上的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。术前颈椎过伸功能测量值为术前过伸位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角度减去术前中立侧位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。前凸角度丢失量为术前中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角减去末次随访时中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。依据58例患者术前颈椎过伸功能均值(8.7°)分为两组,≥8.7°为A组,＜8.7°为 B 组。比较两组患者术前及术后影像及临床资料,同时对58例患者的影像学资料与临床资料进行相关性分析。结果 A组25例患者年龄54~83岁,B组33例患者年龄49~85岁,两组患者术前年龄、性别、疾病种类差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术前A组颈椎过伸功能(14.09°±4.75°)大于B组(4.62°±2.54°),A组T₁倾斜角(17.00°±3.40°)小于B组(29.68°±6.34°),颈椎前凸角度丢失[1.10(-0.85,4.00)]小于B组[8.60 (7.70,12.40)],差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失之间呈负相关(r=-0.965, P＜0.01),T₁倾斜角与前凸角度丢失之间呈正相关(r=0.954, P＜0.01),颈椎过伸功能与T₁倾斜角呈负相关(r=-0.900, P＜0.01);SVA与T₁倾斜角、颈椎过伸功能、术后前凸角度丢失均无相关性(r=-0.065、0.216、-0.202, P＞0.05)。术后JOA评分改善率与过伸角度变化、SVA及T₁倾斜角均无相关性(r=0.201、-0.034、-0.213, P值均＞0.05)。A组术后JOA改善率为69%±23%,B 组术后JOA改善率为62%±23%,两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.147, P＞0.05)。术后Odom's分级评价A组优良率为88.0%(22/25),B组优良率为63.6%(21/33),差异有统计学意义(χ² =4.403, P<0.05)。结论 对于后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者,颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失存在相关性,术前过伸功能越低,术后越易发生前凸角度丢失,可作为术前预判术后颈椎曲度变化的参数之一。     

Tratamiento de la mielopatía cervical mediante abordaje posterior: laminoplastia vs. laminectomía con fijación posterior. ¿Existen diferencias desde el punto de vista clínico y radiológico?

IntroductionCervical degenerative myelopathy is a variable and progressive degenerative disease caused by chronic compression of the spinal cord. Surgical approaches for the cervical spine can be performed anteriorly and/or posteriorly. Regarding the posterior approach, there are 2 fundamental techniques: laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterior fixation (LPF). There is still controversy concerning the technique in terms of outcome and complications. The aim of the present work is to analyze from the clinical and radiological point of view these 2 techniques: laminoplasty and LPF.Materials and methodsA historical cohort of 39 patients was reviewed (12 LFP and 27 laminoplasty) including patients operated in a 10 years period at the Hospital Universitario La Paz with a follow-up of 12 months after surgery was carried out. The clinical results were analyzed and compared using the Nurick scale and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale (mJOA) and the radiological results using the Cobb angle, Sagittal Vertical Axis, T1 Slope and alignment (measured by Cobb-T1 Sloppe).ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the postoperative improvement of the Nurick scale (P = .008) and mJOA (P = .018) in the laminoplasty group. In LFP there is a tendency to a greater improvement, but statistical significance is not reached due to the low sample size of this group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the radiological variables. Regarding the total number of complications, a higher number was observed in the laminoplasty group (7 cases) versus LFP (one case), but no statistically significant differences were observed.ConclusionsLaminoplasty and LFP are both safe and effective procedures in the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy. The findings of our study demonstrate statistically significant clinical improvement based on the Nurick and mJOA scales with laminoplasty. No significant differences in terms of complications or radiological variables were observed between the 2 techniques.     

不同术式对多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎矢状位形态的矫形效果

目的 通过对比颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（ACDF）、椎板切除融合术（LCF）和椎板成形术（LP）后颈椎矢状位形态改变情况,比较三者对多节段脊髓型颈椎病（MCSM）患者颈椎矢状位的矫形效果及对矫形效果的维持能力。方法 2016年1月—2019年12月,首都医科大学宣武医院收治MCSM患者188例,其中47例采用ACDF治疗（ACDF组）、72例采用LCF治疗（LCF组）,69例采用LP治疗（LP组）。根据术前颈椎前凸角（CL,C_2-7 Cobb角）将患者分为后凸型（CL < 0°）、平直型（0°≤CL < 10°）、前凸型（10°≤CL < 20°）和过度前凸型（CL≥20°）。根据术前和术后CL计算不同术式的前凸改变量（末次随访CL-术前CL）、前凸矫正量（术后1周CL-术前CL）和前凸丢失量（术后1周CL-末次随访CL）。采用日本骨科学会（JOA）评分和颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）评估临床疗效。结果 3组临床疗效差异无统计学意义。ACDF组前凸改变量、前凸矫正量大于LCF组和LP组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ACDF可增加后凸型、平直型和前凸型患者的CL,随访中虽有部分丢失,但至末次随访时矫形效果维持良好;过度前凸型患者术后CL轻微增加,但随访时逐渐减小,过度前凸缓解。LCF可增加后凸型、平直型患者的CL,随访中前凸丢失量少于ACDF,但末次随访时矫形效果仍不如ACDF。LP术后各型患者CL均降低,但随访过程中前凸丢失量小于ACDF和LCF。结论 ACDF矫形能力较强,可用于治疗各种颈椎曲度类型MCSM患者,LCF适用于后凸型、平直型MCSM患者,LP可用于治疗CL > 10°的MCSM患者。MCSM手术方式的选择除常规考虑脊髓压迫位置、手术节段等,还应考虑患者颈椎矢状位形态特点。     

Central Decompressive Laminoplasty for Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis : Technique and Early Surgical Results

Objective

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common degenerative spine disease that requires surgical intervention. Currently, there is interest in minimally invasive surgery and various technical modifications of decompressive lumbar laminectomy without fusion. The purpose of this study was to present the author''s surgical technique and results for decompression of spinal stenosis.

Methods

The author performed surgery in 57 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis between 2006 and 2010. Data were gathered retrospectively via outpatient interviews and telephone questionnaires. The operation used in this study was named central decompressive laminoplasty (CDL), which allows thorough decompression of the lumbar spinal canal and proximal two foraminal nerve roots by undercutting the lamina and facet joint. Kyphotic prone positioning on elevated curvature of the frame or occasional use of an interlaminar spreader enables sufficient interlaminar working space. Pain was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Surgical outcome was analyzed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Data were analyzed preoperatively and six months postoperatively.

Results

The interlaminar window provided by this technique allowed for unhindered access to the central canal, lateral recess, and upper/lower foraminal zone, with near-total sparing of the facet joint. The VAS scores and ODI were significantly improved at six-month follow-up compared to preoperative levels (p<0.001, respectively). Excellent pain relief (>75% of initial VAS score) of back/buttock and leg was observed in 75.0% and 76.2% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion

CDL is easily applied, allows good field visualization and decompression, maintains stability by sparing ligament and bony structures, and shows excellent early surgical results.     

Intramedullary Sarcoidosis Presenting with Delayed Spinal Cord Swelling after Cervical Laminoplasty for Compressive Cervical Myelopathy

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology that may affect any organ in the body. The nervous system is involved in 5-16% of cases of sarcoidosis. Here, we report a case of intramedullary sarcoidosis presenting with delayed spinal cord swelling after laminoplasty for the treatment of compressive cervical myelopathy. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of upper extremity pain and gait disturbance. The patient had undergone laminoplasty for compressive cervical myelopathy 3 months previously. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large solitary intramedullary lesion with associated extensive cord swelling, signal changes, and heterogeneous enhancement of spinal cord from C2 to C7. Spinal cord biopsy revealed non-necrotizing granulomas with signs of chronic inflammation. The final diagnosis of sarcoidosis was based upon laboratory data, imaging findings, histological findings, and the exclusion of other diagnoses. Awareness of such presentations and a high degree of suspicion of sarcoidosis may help arrive at the correct diagnosis.     

"锚定法"改良单开门椎管成形术及其临床应用

目的评价“锚定法”改良单开门椎管成形术的疗效。方法对129例颈椎病患者常规行后正中入路单开门椎管成形术,在门轴一侧的侧块上选择钻孔点,采用Magerl方法置入直径为3.5mm、长度10~12mm的钛质松质骨螺钉。先将粗丝线系在螺钉的根部,螺钉置入侧块后将丝线一端经棘突根部的预穿孔穿过,开门后拉紧丝线并打结,使椎板保持在开门状态。术后颈围领保护2周。结果平均随访14个月(6~18个月)。术前平均JOA评分7.8分、40分法评分14.5分,术后平均JOA评分15.5分、40分法评分35.5分。术后2个月时颈部疼痛、僵硬感和活动受限者轻度84例、中度32例、重度13例。术后6个月时仅23例仍然有轻度颈部疼痛、僵硬感和活动受限。未见螺钉松动和再“关门”现象。结论“锚定法”改良单开门椎管成形术操作简单、维持“开门”效果好。术后患者颈部症状恢复快,早期效果满意。     

颈椎单开门桥式植骨椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:探讨改良单开门桥式植骨椎板扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及其相关影响因素。方法:采用改良单开门手术,C4、C6两处“桥式”植骨椎板扩大成形治疗61例脊髓型颈椎病患者。结果:随访2～8年,平均4.3年。JOA评分由术前的8.4±1.9分提高到随访时的12.4±3.0分(P<0.01)。其中优15例(24.6%),良16例(26.2%),可24例(39.4%),差6例(9.8%)。C3~C7曲度术后平均减少了8.7°(P<0.01)。CT测量骨性椎管面积术后平均增加67mm2(P<0.01)。矢状径术后平均增加4.1mm(P<0.01)。术后JOA评分改善率与术后骨性椎管面积的改善率两者的相关系数r=0.027。结论:改良单开门“桥式”植骨椎板成形术是一种安全和有效的术式;椎管骨性面积的增加是神经功能改善的基础,术后椎管矢状径扩大以4~5mm为宜。     

单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术对颈椎运动的影响

目的：研究单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术对颈椎运动功能的影响及相关因素。方法：对52例因脊髓型颈椎病接受单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术患者进行回顾性研究，平均随访37．5个月，在颈椎过屈、过伸侧位X线片上比较手术前后颈椎总的运动范围(总活动度)、各椎体间活动度。结果：术后3年颈椎总活动度、总屈曲及总仰伸角度均减小(P≤0．001)，与术前相比平均下降15％，其中42例伴有颈部僵硬、疼痛等症状。颈椎总活动度的改变与神经功能的改善无相关性。各椎体间的屈伸运动范围从C2至C6均明显减小，而C6／7却稍有增加；椎体间滑移在C3／4、C4／5两个节段明显减少(P≤0．05)。结论：单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术可以使颈椎总活动度和各椎体间活动度均减少并伴有颈部僵硬和疼痛。术后短期围领制动并早期主动伸、屈颈部的锻炼可能有助于减少颈部僵硬和疼痛的发生。     

椎板棘突复合体回植在峡部裂型腰椎滑脱治疗中的应用

目的 前瞻性探讨椎板棘突复合体回植术在峡部裂型腰椎滑脱治疗中的临床应用及疗效。方法 通过对16例接受椎板棘突复合体回植方案治疗腰椎峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症患者手术治疗资料的分析,验证椎板棘突复合体回植术在峡部裂型腰椎滑脱手术治疗中的可行性以及临床应用疗效。结果 接受椎板棘突复合体回植术的所有16例峡部裂型腰椎滑脱患者,术后疗效满意,术后未出现神经症状加重、假关节、内固定失败等并发症。结论 椎板棘突复合体回植术治疗峡部裂型腰椎滑脱,特别是在防止术后医源性、继发性椎管狭窄、维持脊柱稳定性方面不失为一种较好的手术策略。