Inclusion complexation of glibenclamide with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in solution and in solid state

Phase solubility diagrams have been used to investigate complexation between 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and glibenclamide (GM) in aqueous medium. More stable GM-HPBCD complexes were formed in alkaline medium (in which the drug is in ionized form) than in acid medium (in which the drug is in non-ionized form). The formation of solid GM-HPBCD inclusion complexes has been evaluated by using kneading, spray-drying and freeze-drying methods. Characterization of the resulting mixtures by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that inclusion complexes can be obtained by spray drying and freeze drying but not by kneading. According to the phase solubility results, drug solubility in alkaline medium was greatly improved by inclusion with HPBCD, whereas in acid medium inclusion with HPBCD had no appreciable effect. Cyclodextrin complexation of ionized drug molecules in alkaline medium resulted in greater total solubilization, i.e., solubilization of the drug due to both cyclodextrin complexation and ionization.     

肛周按揉及腹部按摩对晚期肝硬化患者排便的影响

目的探讨肛周按揉及腹部按摩对晚期肝硬化患者排便的影响。方法选择消化内科196例晚期肝硬化患者，随机分为A组：肛周按揉＋腹部按摩组，69例；B组：腹部按摩组，66例；C组：常规护理组，61例。比较3组的排便情况。结果首次排便时间A组早于B、C组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；首次排便情况A组明显优于C组和B组；操作前后A组与B组的血压、心率比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论肛周按揉及腹部按摩有利于改善晚期肝硬化患者的排便情况。     

针刀加揉髌治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床观察

目的 通过对膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用针刀结合揉髌按摩治疗,观察其临床疗效,探索针刀治疗疾病机制.方法 对62例膝关节骨性关节炎患者给予针刀松解辅以揉髌按摩治疗.结果 经1个疗程治疗后,在选取的62例患者的79个患膝中,优26膝,良41膝,可11膝,差1膝,优良率为84.8%,总有效率为98.7%.结论 针刀松解并结合揉髌按摩治疗膝关节骨性关节炎有较好的临床疗效.     

ESWT结合展筋丹揉药治疗肱骨外上髁炎的临床研究

目的:探讨ESWT结合展筋丹揉药治疗肱骨外上髁炎的临床疗效.方法:根据纳入及排除标准选取60例肱骨外上髁炎患者,并把纳入的60例患者随机分成对照组和观察组.对照组采用口服扶他林治疗,观察组采用ESWT结合展筋丹揉药治疗,两组同时运用VAS评分观察治疗前后的分值变化和症状、体征的改善情况,并进行组内及组间比较,进一步探讨...     

肛周按揉及腹部按摩对晚期肝硬化患者排便的影响

目的探讨肛周按揉及腹部按摩对晚期肝硬化患者排便的影响。方法选择消化内科196例晚期肝硬化患者,随机分为A组:肛周按揉 腹部按摩组,69例;B组:腹部按摩组,66例;C组:常规护理组,61例。比较3组的排便情况。结果首次排便时间A组早于B、C组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);首次排便情况A组明显优于C组和B组;操作前后A组与B组的血压、心率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论肛周按揉及腹部按摩有利于改善晚期肝硬化患者的排便情况。     

Physicochemical characterization and in vitro dissolution studies of solid dispersions of ketoprofen with PVP K30 and d-mannitol

Aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble, BCS class-II drug Ketoprofen (KETO) by solid-dispersion approach. Solid dispersions were prepared by using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and d-mannitol in different drugs to carrier ratios. Dispersions with PVP K30 were prepared by kneading and solvent evaporation techniques, whereas solid dispersions containing d-mannitol were prepared by kneading and melting techniques. These formulations were characterized in the liquid state by phase-solubility studies and in the solid state by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The aqueous solubility of KETO was favored by the presence of both carriers. The negative values of Gibbs free energy illustrate the spontaneous transfer from pure water to the aqueous polymer environment. Solid state characterization indicated KETO was present as fine particles in d-mannitol solid dispersions and entrapped in carrier matrix of PVP K30 solid dispersions. In contrast to the very slow dissolution rate of pure KETO, dispersions of drug in carriers considerably improved the dissolution rate. This can be attributed to increased wettability and dispersibility, as well as decreased crystallinity and increase in amorphous fraction of drug. Solid dispersions prepared with PVP K30 showed the highest improvement in dissolution rate of KETO. Even physical mixtures of KETO prepared with both carriers also showed better dissolution profiles than those of pure KETO.     

“峨眉伤科疗法”揉法力学参数采集与分析

目的:采集、分析"峨眉伤科疗法"不同揉法的力学参数特点;方法:采用ZTC-Ⅰ智能推拿手法参数测试系统分别采集"峨眉伤科流派"代表性传承人物拇指、大鱼际、掌根三种揉法的力学参数,运用SAS 9.2统计软件包对具体数据进行统计分析;结果:"峨眉伤科流派"拇指、大鱼际、掌根3种揉法的波形稳定,频率165~178次/min,周期0.32~0.38s;在推拿力的分配上3种揉法在垂直Z轴上压力稳定均匀,而水平X、Y轴推拿力随着旋揉动作而呈周期性变化;结论:"峨眉伤科疗法"拇指、大鱼际、掌根3种揉法具有轻快柔和,均匀深透的特点,然虽轻而不浮,柔匀而着实的特点。     

The influence of the preparation methods on the inclusion of model drugs in a β-cyclodextrin cavity

The work aims to prove the complexation of two model drugs (ibuprofen, IB and indomethacin, IN) by β-cyclodextrin (βCD), and the effect of water in such a process, and makes a comparison of their complexation yields. Two methods were considered: kneading of a binary mixture of the drug, βCD, and inclusion of either IB or IN in aqueous solutions of βCD. In the latter method water was removed by air stream, spray-drying and freeze-drying. To prove the formation of complexes in final products, optical microscopy, UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, DSC, X-ray and NMR were considered. Each powder was added to an acidic solution (pH = 2) to quantify the concentration of the drug inside βCD cavity. Other media (pH = 5 and 7) were used to prove the existence of drug not complexed in each powder, as the drugs solubility increases with the pH. It was observed that complexation occurred in all powders, and that the fraction of drug inside the βCD did not depend neither on the method of complexation nor on the processes of drying considered.