Lactate/H+ transport kinetics in rat skeletal muscle related to fibre type and changes in transport capacity

 Lactate/H⁺ transport kinetics were determined by means of the pH-sensitive probe BCECF in sarcolemmal giant vesicles, obtained from rat skeletal muscle, and related to variations in lactate/H⁺ transport capacity. Vesicle preparations were made from red and white muscles, mixed muscles, denervated muscles, muscles of old rats and rats that had been subjected to high-intensity training, endurance training, repeated exposure to hypoxia, and hypothyroid or hyperthyroid treatments. The lactate/H⁺ transport capacity of red muscles was greater than that of white muscles, and this difference was associated with a higher maximal transport rate (V _max) in red muscles, whereas the K _m was similar in the two muscle types. High-intensity training and hyperthyroidism increased the lactate/H⁺ transport capacity by enhancing V _max without affecting K _m. Similarly, a reduced transport capacity with old age and hypothyroidism was due to a decrease in V _max. The denervation-induced decline in lactate/H⁺ transport capacity resulted from both an increased K _m and a reduced V _max. The present data show that muscle type differences and most changes in the lactate/H⁺ transport capacity are mediated by modifications in V _max, which is expected to represent the number of membrane transporter molecules. K _m is unaffected by most treatments and appears to be independent of fibre type. Received: 10 February 1998 / Received after revision: 21 April 1998 / Accepted: 24 April 1998     

口腔肿瘤恶变与唾液蔗糖酶活性的相关性研究

目的 :探讨唾液蔗糖酶活性与口腔肿瘤恶变之间的相互关系。方法 :采用邻甲苯胺测糖法 ,测定单位时间内唾液蔗糖酶水解蔗糖生成的葡萄糖量 ;在PH6 ,37℃条件下进行酶反应用双倒数作图法测出表观Km和表观Vm值 ;检测蔗糖酶活性。结果 :正常人唾液蔗糖酶活性为 1 32 2± 0 434mU/mgpro ,口腔鳞癌患者唾液蔗糖酶活性为 1 5 48± 0 6 5 7mU/mgpro ,二者之间比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;正常人唾液蔗糖酶的表观Km =(1 1 2± 2 4)× 1 0 -2 mol/L ,表观Vm =1 1 38± 0 35 2 (每分钟光密度值 ) ,口腔鳞癌患者唾液蔗糖酶的表观Km =(9 5±2 2 )× 1 0 -2 mol/L ,表观Vm =(1 0 89± 0 6 32 ) (每分钟光密度值 )。结论 :口腔良性肿瘤、涎腺腺瘤、口腔鳞癌患者与正常人比 ,唾液蔗糖酶活性无显著差异。     

一种新型蚯蚓纤溶酶组分的部分性质研究

目的获得一种高效的溶栓药物。方法从赤子爱胜蚓 (Eiseniafoelida)中共提取 6种纤溶酶组分 ,分别命名为F1～F6。取F1用Lowry法测定蛋白质浓度 ,SDS PAGE鉴定纯度及表观相对分子质量 (Mr) ,纤维蛋白平板法测定其纤溶活性 ,测定其水解BAEE(Nα 苯甲酰 L 精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐 )、血浆纤溶酶特异性底物ChromozymPL(苄氧羰酰甘氨酰脯氨酰精氨酰对硝基苯胺盐酸盐 )及组织型纤溶酶原激活剂Chromozymt PA(N 甲磺酰苯丙酰甘氨酰精氨酰对硝基苯胺盐酸盐 )的活性 ,并进行N端氨基酸序列测定。结果F1纯度为 10 0 % ,表观Mr 为 2 85 0 0 ,总纤溶活性为 6 5 .5 1× 10 3 mm2 /mg ,水解BAEE的米氏常数 (Km)为 2 .80 87× 10 -2 mol/L。对chromozymPL及chromozymt PA的亲和力较低。F1的N端氨基酸序列为IIGGSNASPGEFPWQ ,且对天然凝血块有较强的溶解作用。结论F1为纯度很高的单一组分 ,纤溶活性较高。     

Effect of supporting substrate on the failure behavior of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material

Statement of problemRestorative materials are cemented on different types of substrates, such as dentin, metal, and glass-fiber posts with composite resin cores.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the failure behavior after cycling fatigue of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material (PICN; VITA ENAMIC) cemented on different supporting substrates.Material and methodsPICN plates (N=80) were obtained from computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks and cemented with a resin cement to 4 different supporting substrates (n=20): (1) human dentin (PICNDen); (2) dentin analog (PICNDenAn); (3) nickel-chromium alloy (PICNNiCr); and (4) composite resin plus fiberglass post (PICNRc). For comparison, the fracture behavior of a feldspathic ceramic (FelDenAn; VITABLOCS Mark II) and an indirect composite resin (ResDenAn; Opallis LAB Resin) cemented to the DenAn substrate was investigated (n=20). Thus, specimens were composed of the restorative material layer (1-mm thick) resin cemented (0.1-mm-thick layer) to a 2-mm-thick supporting substrate. All specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling (MC) using a pneumatic cycling machine (500 000 cycles, 2 Hz, 50 N). Specimens that did not fracture during cycling were tested under compression using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until the sound of the first crack was detected using an acoustic system. Failure data were statistically evaluated using Weibull distribution. Failures were classified as radial crack, cone crack, combined, and catastrophic fracture.ResultsAll FelDenAn specimens were fractured during MC. Only 4 PICNRc specimens survived MC, so their fracture load data were not statistically analyzed. PICNNiCr showed the greatest characteristic load (L₀) value, followed by ResDenAn. Groups PICNDenAn and PICNDen showed lower and similar L₀ but statistically different Weibull modulus (m). There was a significant relationship between experimental group and failure mode (P<.001). FelDenAn and PICNRc had a higher frequency of radial cracks, whereas PICNNiCr failed from cone cracking.ConclusionsThe supporting substrate influenced the failure behavior of PICN. When the substrate had a higher elastic modulus than the restorative material, better mechanical behavior was observed.     

Serotoninergic activation and inhibition: effects on carbohydrate tolerance and plasma insulin and glucagon.

Glucose and arginine infusion tests were performed on 12 healthy volunteers (8 males, 4 females) before and after serotoninergic activation [oral administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP-) for 6 days] and serotoninergic inhibition (oral treatment with D,L-p-chloropenylalanine for 6 days). 5-HTP treatment markedly increased urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion, increased the mild hyperglycemic effect of arginine infusion, and lowered the glucose disposal rate constant. The adverse effect of serotoninergic activation on glucose tolerance is not sufficiently explained by the observed changes in insulin and glucagon secretion during the fasting state and after intravenous glucose and arginine infusions. Serotoninergic inhibition did not affect the carbohydrate tolerance of normal individuals. The results of this work supports the idea that excessive indoleamine production is probably the main cause for carbohydrate intolerance in carcinoid tumors.     

Short-term Results of Liver Transplantation With Octogenarian Donors

Background

There are increasingly more patients awaiting liver transplantation while the number of donors has remained stable. It has been proven that grafts from donors older than 60 years have comparable results with those from younger donors. It is unclear whether this is so with donors older than 80 years old.

龙葵碱对HepG_2人肝癌细胞NAT酶动力学常数的影响

目的探讨龙葵碱对HepG2细胞NAT酶米氏常数Km及最大反应速率Vmax的影响。方法MTT法测定龙葵碱对消化系统SGC-7901人胃癌、HepG2人肝癌、Ls-174人大肠癌3种肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒作用,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,以2-AF为底物,以2-AF的浓度为底物浓度,在以HepG2完整细胞及细胞质内2-AF被NAT酶乙酰化为2-AAF的速度为NAT酶的反应速率,采用双倒数作图法,以底物2-AF浓度的倒数1/S对NAT反应速率的倒数1/V作直线,得出回归方程,计算Km和Vmax。结果MTT法测定表明龙葵碱对HepG2人肝癌细胞比较敏感,酶动力学研究表明,以2-AF为底物,对于HepG2完整细胞,阴性对照组的Km和Vmax分别为(2.37×10-3±8.37×10-5)mmol.L-1、(9.16×10-4±7.54×10-5)nmol.106cells-1,龙葵碱组的Km和Vmax分别为(2.22×10-3±9.05×10-5)mmol.L-1和(5.14×10-4±3.72×10-5)nmol.106cells-1。对于HepG2细胞质,阴性对照组的Km和Vmax分别为(8.95×10-3±2.61×10-4)mmol.L-1、(2.55×10-6±1.92×10-8)μmol.min-1g-1Pro,龙葵碱组的Km和Vmax分别为(9.48×10-3±3.63×10-4)mmol.L-1和(2.43×10-6±1.32×10-8)μmol.min-1g-1Pro,统计学表明对于HepG2完整细胞和细胞质,阴性对照组和龙葵碱组的Km没有差异,而Vmax差异有显著性(完整细胞P<0.01,细胞质P<0.05)。结论龙葵碱是HepG2人肝癌细胞NAT酶2-AF底物的非竞争性抑制剂。     

Functional Results of Renal Preservation in Hypothermic Pulsatile Machine Perfusion Versus Cold Preservation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Background

Hypothermic pulsatile machine perfusion (HPMP) decreases the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney grafts, compared with cold storage. However, it is not clear its use in the different subgroups of grafts. The objective was to review systematically all studies with better methodologic quality that compare HPMP versus cold storage.