Kinetic modeling of PET-FDG in the brain without blood sampling

The aim in this work is to report a new method to calculate parametric images from a single scan acquisition with positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the human brain without blood sampling. It is usually practical for research or clinical purposes to inject the patient in an isolated room and to start the PET acquisition only for some 10–20 min, about 30 min after FDG injection. In order to calculate the cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRG), usually several blood samples are required. The proposed method considers the relation between the uptake of the tracer in the cerebellum as a reference tissue and the population based input curve. Similar results were obtained for CMRG values with the present method in comparison to the usual autoradiographic and the non-linear least squares fitting of regions of interest.     

用速率法测定尿NAG活性及其临床应用

本文报道用５５０型全自动生化分析仪，以速率法测定尿ＮＡＧ活性及本室尿ＮＡＧ活性的正常参考范围；并对可能影响尿ＮＡＧ活性的尿ＰＨ，尿素浓度等进行了干扰试验及分析。     

Kinetic analysis of interactions between bispecific monoclonal antibodies and immobilized antigens using a resonant mirror biosensor

A resonant mirror biosensor (IAsys) protocol is described for the comparative kinetic analysis of the ability of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and bispecific antibodies (Babs) to bind immobilized antigens. The protocol has been optimized and validated using the panel of affinity-purified antibodies, including two parental Mabs, one specific to human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and another specific to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and a Bab derived thereof by cell fusion (anti-hIgG/HRP Bab). The real-time kinetic analysis of antigen–antibody interactions using this protocol allows to demonstrate the differences in the avidity of bivalently binding Mabs and monovalent Babs. As shown in our previous study [J. Immunol. Methods 261 (2002) 103], the observed equilibrium association constants (K_ass) determined by IAsys using this protocol yield figures almost overlapping with those obtained by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). The described protocol is suited for the investigation of the effects of valency on the binding properties of antibodies. It also may be applied for the selection of Mabs and Babs with desired features, for different fields of application.     

The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Rat Chronic Serum Sickness-type Nephritis

In order to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the distribution of antigen in various organs and in the development of nephritis, chronic serum sickness type nephritis was induced in both anti rat PMN rabbit serum (APS) treated and normal rabbit serum (NRS) treated rats by preimmunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequent daily intravenous administration of BSA for 4 weeks. Kinetic studies using radiolabeled BSA showed that accumulation of BSA after the first intravenous administration was reduced by APS treatment in the liver, lungs and spleen and increased in the circulation, but was not affected in the kidneys and glomeruli. Histological studies supported the above findings. After 4 weeks of BSA administration, the BSA accumulation in the kidneys and glomeruli was significantly less in APS treated rats than in NRS treated ones, while amounts of BSA in the circulation and other organs were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, APS treatment reduced proteinuria, PMN infiltration and IC deposition in the glomeruli. These observations indicate that PMN play a partial role in IC deposition in the glomerular capillary walls and subsequent destruction of glomerular permeability in chronic serum sickness-type nephritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39 : 619-629, 1989.     

肾综合征出血热患者血清C反应蛋白动态变化

目的：了解肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）患者血清Ｃ反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）的动态变化,探讨其在ＨＦＲＳ发病中的意义。方法：用速率比浊法检测３９例ＨＦＲＳ患者和３９例正常人血清ＣＲＰ含量。结果：ＨＦＲＳ患者血清ＣＲＰ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,且于发热早期已增高,低血压期、少尿期达高峰,多尿期、恢复期逐渐下降至正常水平。危重型患者发热期、低血压期、少尿期较轻型、中型患者血清ＣＲＰ水平明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。ＨＦＲＳＡ患者ＣＲＰ水平与血小板计数呈明显负相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,与尿蛋白、ＢＵＮ呈明显正相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ＨＦＲＳ患者血清ＣＲＰ水平与病程进展和病情轻重密切相关,早期动态检测对估计病情和判断预后有重要意义。     

Single-channel and whole-cell analysis of ethanol inhibition of NMDA-activated currents in cultured mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons

The effects of 0.1 to 500 mM ethanol on NMDA-activated currents were studied in primary cultures of mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons. In whole-cell recordings the IC₅₀S for inhibition of NMDA-activated currents by ethanol were 129 mM ± 20 mM in hippocampal neurons and 126 ± 18 mM in cortical neurons. In single-channel recordings from excised outside-out patches of cortical neurons, ethanol inhibited total charge per minute with an IC₅₀ of 174 ± 23 mM, which was not significantly different from the IC₅₀S for inhibition of whole-cell current. The reduction in mean open channel lifetime by ethanol was fit by the logistic equation with an apparent IC₅₀ of 340 ± 28 mM. Analysis of single-channel data indicated that ethanol inhibition of NMDA currents did not involve substantial changes in fast closed state kinetics, changes in open channel conductance, or block of the open channel. At the whole-cell IC₅₀, of ethanol, mean open channel lifetime would decrease by 28% and frequency of opening would decline by 31% to account for the reduction in current. Single-channel data were consistent with ethanol being an allosteric modulator of gating which reduces agonist efficacy.     

吡啶-2,6(1H,3H)二酮生物碱对ADP、AA、Collagen诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响

目的观察吡啶－２，６（１Ｈ，３Ｈ）二酮生物碱（ＳＨ１）对ＡＤＰ、ＡＡ、Ｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎ诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响。方法用比浊法测定了ＳＨ１体外对兔血小板聚集的影响。结果ＳＨ１对３种诱导剂的最大抑制率分别为６２．１６％、４５．２５％、５３．６７％。大剂量组明显加快ＡＤＰ诱导的兔血小板聚集后的解聚速度。ＳＨ１显著延长Ｃｏｌａｇｅｎ的诱导起聚时间。结论ＳＨ１０．８～４．０ｍｍｏｌＬ－１范围内明显抑制ＡＡ、ＡＤＰ、Ｃｏｌａ－ｇｅｎ诱导的兔血小板聚集。其抑制作用有明显的量效关系。其机制待进一步研究。     

注射用头孢噻肟钠中细菌内毒素的定量检测法研究

目的：建立注射用头孢噻肟钠中细菌内毒素含量的测定方法。方法：采用稀释法排除注射用头孢噻肟钠对细菌内毒素测定的干扰作用。结果：将注射用头孢噻肟钠稀释100倍，可排除其对细菌内毒素测定的干扰作用。结论：使用动态浊度法检测注射用头孢噻肟钠中的细菌内毒素含量是可行的，此方法可替代家兔热原检查法。     

动态浊度法定量检测氧氟沙星注射液中的内毒素

目的:对氧氟沙星注射液进行内毒素动态浊度法检查,建立定量检测氧氟沙星注射液中内毒素实验方法以代替热原检查法,提高内毒素的检出率。方法:采用《中国药典》2000年版附录检测内毒素的动态比浊法。结果:氧氟沙星注射液经2倍及以上倍数稀释后,对鲎试剂反应无干扰作用,内毒素回收率在50%～200%范围内。结论:本方法干扰因素小,检测结果准确,可作为日常检测使用。     

抗生素微生物检定法中滴加抗生素溶液方法的研究

目的：探索一种加样方法,用于抗生素微生物检定法中滴加抗生素溶液。方法：根据抗生素微生物检定法实验原理,通过对加样误差来源的分析,比较实验生物统计结果,筛选最佳滴加溶液方法。结果与结论：用微量移液器加样,定量270μL（以下称本方法）,其速度快、间隔时间短、加样量准确、减少实验误差,生物检定统计可靠性测验获得较好的结果,是抗生素微生物检定法实验中较好的加样方法。