Intra-articular morphine and postoperative analgesia after knee arthroscopy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of intra-articular administration of a low- and a high-dose morphine solution after knee arthroscopy. Thirty patients who underwent diagnostic arthroscopy or arthroscopic meniscectomy were allocated in three groups. At the end of the arthroscopic procedure patients in Group A received intra-articularly 20 ml normal saline (N/S), Group B received 5 mg morphine in 20 ml N/S and Group C received 15 mg morphine in 20 ml N/S. The postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for 24 h, while all the patients stayed at hospital. Side effects from the central action of opioids were not detected. Although the pain scores in the group of low-dose morphine were lower than in the control group, we failed to detect any significant differences in pain scores among the three groups. There was evidence that a high-dose can cause hyperalgesia.     

关节腔内给予地佐辛用于膝关节镜的临床观察

目的 评价关节腔内给予地佐辛对膝关节镜术后镇痛的影响。方法 选择择期行膝关节镜手术患者60例,随机分为A、B两组：A组关节腔内注射地佐辛5 mg（用生理盐水配制成10 mL）;B组关节腔内注射等量生理盐水10 mL。记录术后1、4、6、8、12和24 h患者在屈膝关节90°状态下的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）,记录术毕至首次需要镇痛药时间以及术后不良反应的发生情况。结果 A组术后1,4,6,8,12 h的VAS评分分别为（2.3±0.6,2.6±0.5,3.0±0.5,2.8±0.6,2.9±0.7）明显低于B组（4.5±0.7,5.3±0.6,5.8±0.8,5.9±0.5,5.6±0.6）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后首次要求使用镇痛药物时间A组（265±40）min明显长于B组（62±11）min,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 关节腔内给予地佐辛用于膝关节镜能够提供良好的术后镇痛效果,延长术后镇痛时间。     

关节腔内摩擦系数对颞下颌关节系统生物力学特性的影响

目的研究关节腔内摩擦系数对颞下颌关节(TMJ)系统生物力学特性的影响,探讨摩擦系数改变因素在颞下颌关节紊乱病发生、发展过程中的作用。方法通过自主建立的颞下颌关节系统三维有限元模型,应用有限元软件对颞下颌关节系统进行力学分析,观察摩擦系数改变时的关节系统应力分布及大小变化。结果当移位侧关节盘摩擦系数增大时,相应该侧的关节盘、髁突所受应力也随即增大。结论颞下颌关节紊乱病与关节腔内摩擦系数关系密切,关节紊乱会导致关节摩擦系数增大,摩擦系数增大会促进颞下颌关节紊乱病的发展。     

微型钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内和近关节骨折

目的探讨微型钢板内固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端关节内和近关节骨折的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析了自2008-01—2012-01采用2.0 mm微型钢板内固定治疗的72例(76侧)关节内及骨折线接近关节面的桡骨远端不稳定骨折,采用单一微型钢板内固定22侧,双微型钢板内固定26侧,微型钢板与T形钢板内固定19侧,微型钢板与锁定钢板内固定9侧。结果 72例术后获得平均18.5(12~30)个月随访。末次随访时掌倾角由术前平均-7.3°改善至术后7.4°,尺偏角由术前平均15.1°改善至术后22.2°,桡骨高度由术前平均7.9 mm改善至术后12.4 mm。影像学评分采用Stewart改良的Sarmiento标准评估:优59侧,良12侧,可5侧,优良率93.4%。腕关节功能按Gartland-Werley评分标准评估:优53侧,良14侧,可9侧,优良率88.2%。结论微型钢板内固定是治疗桡骨远端关节内和近关节骨折的有效方法,可灵活固定复杂骨折,软组织干扰少,能满足早期活动的需要。     

桡骨远端关节内骨折对腕关节影响的生物力学研究

目的研究桡骨远端关节内骨折对桡腕关节的影响。方法12只成人上肢标本于距关节面3cm处截骨去除1cm骨块,于桡骨远端关节面舟骨窝与月骨窝交界处纵形劈开桡骨,使桡尺侧骨块可分别向近端移动,制作桡骨远端关节内骨折模型,利用压敏片测试随关节面移位,桡腕关节面的应力分布和受力面积改变情况。结果桡舟关节面移位≥2mm时,月骨接触面积及接触应力增加,舟骨接触面积及接触应力减少(P<0.01);桡月关节面移位≥2mm时,舟骨接触面积及接触应力增加(P<0.01),月骨接触面积无明显变化(P>0.01)而及接触应力减少(P<0.01)。结论桡骨远端关节内骨折关节面移位≥2mm以上时,桡腕关节面的应力分布和受力面积发生改变,影响腕关节功能。     

Preoperative multimodal administration of morphine in arthroscopic surgery

Introduction The aim of the study was to demonstrate the possible effects of preoperative intra-articular, intravenous, or intrathecal administration of morphine on postoperative pain management.Materials and methods Sixty patients undergoing arthroscopic menisectomy were included. Spinal anesthesia was performed in the lateral decubitus position with 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, and the patients were randomized into 4 groups. The IVM (intravenous, iv, morphine) group received 3 mg of iv morphine after completion of spinal anesthesia, the ITM (intrathecal morphine) group received 0.3 mg of morphine together with bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia, the IAM (intra-articular morphine) group received 3 mg intra-articular morphine diluted in 10 ml of saline after spinal anesthesia had been induced but 15 min before surgery, while the C (control) group did not receive any drugs in addition to spinal anesthesia. The sensory block level was determined 15 min after spinal anesthesia. Pain at rest (by visual analogue scale, VAS) and pain at 30° of flexion (by verbal rating scale, VRS) were evaluated during each of the first 2 h of the postoperative period and once every 4 h thereafter until 24 h. In each group; the number of patients in need of analgesics, the timing of the first analgesic intake (duration of analgesia), and the cumulative dose of analgesics were recorded.Results The mean duration of analgesia in the IAM group was significantly longer and the mean analgesic intake was significantly lower when compared with the other groups (p<0.05). The mean VAS value of the ITM group at the 4th postoperative hour was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Mean VAS values at 8 and 12 h and mean VRS values at 4 and 8 h were significantly lower in the ITM and IAM groups (p<0.05). The ITM group had the highest rates of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and headache (p<0.05).Conclusion It was concluded that the preoperative administration of morphine, either intrathecally or intra-articularly, provides postoperative pain relief. Of these two, the intra-articular route seems to be superior in terms of fewer side-effects (nausea, vomiting, and pruritus), longer duration of analgesia, and reduction of total need for analgesics.     

切开复位Y形钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

跟骨关节内骨折占跟骨骨折的3／4左右，但其治疗一直存在争议。我院1998—2002年采用切开复位Y形钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折32例，取得了满意的手术效果。     

切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨切开复位跟骨钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的效果。方法自2001年8月至2003年4月,采用切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折34例35足。所有骨折均采用Sanders分型,应用广泛外侧入路,AO跟骨钢板内固定。对有选择的病例进行了植骨。应用影像学检查和美国足踝协会的后足评分系统进行结果评价,患者全部获得随访。平均随访时间18.3个月(12～32个月)。结果共完整随访Ⅱ型骨折30足,Ⅲ型骨折5足。术前平均Bhler角是5.6°,随访时平均Bhler角是28.2°。X线测量表明在单侧跟骨骨折患者跟骨高度恢复为健侧的97.7%。80%的患者取得关节面的解剖复位或近解剖复位。平均评分在SandersⅡ型骨折为88分,Ⅲ型骨折为79分。优良率在SandersⅡ型骨折为83%,Ⅲ型骨折为60%。总的优良率为79%。结论对于SandersⅡ型和Ⅲ型骨折患者采用切开复位内固定治疗,效果较好。     

Leg Anterior Compartment Syndrome Following Ankle Arthroscopy After Maisonneuve Fracture

We report a case of leg anterior compartment syndrome following ankle arthroscopy after Maisonneuve fracture. A 21-year-old football player sprained his left ankle. Plain radiography of his left ankle showed a lateral dislocation of the talus without obvious fractures. Plain radiography of his left lower extremity showed a spiral fracture of the proximal fibula approximately one third distal to the fibular head. According to these findings, we diagnosed this fracture as a Maisonneuve fracture and treated it by ankle arthroscopy and drilling of the talar osteochondral injury followed by arthroscopic ankle visualization during syndesmosis screw fixation. Six hours after surgery, the patient complained of pain in the lower extremity. We diagnosed acute compartment syndrome and performed emergent fasciotomy. One year after surgery, he was able to fully participate in athletic activities. We consider ankle arthroscopy to be available for the treatment of ankle fracture with the suspected complication of an intra-articular disorder such as a Maisonneuve fracture. However, with this type of ankle fracture, there is a higher potential risk of acute compartment syndrome developing than with other types of ankle fractures. Therefore we suggest that surgeons guard against this complication.     

螺旋CT在跟骨关节内骨折诊断中的临床意义

目的评价螺旋CT扫描对诊断跟骨关节内骨折的临床意义。方法67例临床怀疑跟骨关节内骨折患者于外伤后均经CT横轴位扫描及多平面重建。为了提供最佳手术方案，参照Sanders对骨折范围和骨碎块移位情况的分类法，推荐了一种改良的CT分型法。结果在67例跟骨关节内骨折患者中，8例（11．9％）为Ⅰ型，41例（61．2％）为Ⅱ型，以及18例（26．9％）为Ⅲ型。横轴位螺旋CT扫描及多平面重建直观、立体、清晰地显示了所有患者中跟骨关节内骨折范围、骨碎片的移位，以及受累关节面损伤情况。结论螺旋CT横轴位扫描结合多平面重建，可以准确判断跟骨关节内骨折后关节面塌陷和粉碎程度，而改良的CT分型对指导手术和评价预后具有重要意义。