平肝定眩汤治疗肝阳上亢型后循环缺血性眩晕60例临床观察

目的:观察平肝定眩汤对肝阳上亢型后循环缺血性眩晕的疗效。方法:选取2017年6月-2018年10月烟台业达医院收治的后循环缺血性眩晕的患者120例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组和对照组各60例,两组一般的资料经统计学方法,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。两组均给予改善循环,控制血压、血糖,调节血脂,抗血小板聚集等基础治疗。治疗组给予平肝定眩汤,对照组给予平眩胶囊。两组疗程均为4周,观察两组患者治疗前后总体症状,脑血流速度、血脂、血糖等指标改善情况。采用SPSS 11.0统计学软件进行计算。结果:治疗组总有效率91.7%(55/60),对照组总有效率61.6%(37/60),两组疗效比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组三酰甘油(Triglyceride,TG)、血清总胆固醇(Serum Total Cholesterol,TC)、HDL-C、LDL-C治疗后显著改善,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组TG及TC治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High Density Liptein Cholesterol,HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low Density Liptein Cholesterol,LDL-C)治疗前后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后TC比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后空腹血糖(Fasting Plasma Glucose,GLU)明显降低(P<0.05),两组间的治疗后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后椎动脉(Vertebral Artery,VA)、基底动脉(Basilarartery,BA)平均血流速度(Mean Blood Flow Velocity,VM)明显提高,与对照组治疗后相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:平肝定眩汤治疗后循环缺血性眩晕在改善患者症状、降低血液黏稠度,改善脑血流状况方面疗效显著。     

Amphetamine sensitivity in open-field activity vs. the prepulse inhibition paradigm

Amphetamine-induced mesolimbic dopamine release has been reported to reduce prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. In addition, it is well known that mesolimbic dopamine stimulation leads to hyperactivity. The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility that one or the other measure may be a more sensitive in vivo indicator of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by determining if the amphetamine dose-response curves for these two behavioral measures were different. The data indicate that the dose-response curves obtained for the different behavioral measures are identical. These data are consistent with the idea that the same dopamine terminal field supports both prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response and dopamine-stimulated hyperactivity.     

The Adolescent Outcome of Hyperactive Children Diagnosed By Research Criteria—III. Mother–Child Interactions, Family Conflicts and Maternal Psychopathology

The present study reports the results of a prospective, 8-year follow-up study of 100 hyperactive and 60 normal children followed from childhood into adolescence. Ratings of child behavior problems and family conflicts as well as direct observations of mother-child interactions were taken in childhood and again at adolescent follow-up. At outcome, hyperactives continued to have more conduct and learning problems and to be more hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive than controls. Hyperactives were also rated by their mothers as having more numerous and intense family conflicts than the normal controls, although the adolescents in both groups did not differ in their own ratings of these conflicts. Observations of mother-adolescent interactions at outcome found the hyperactive dyads displaying more negative and controlling behaviors and less positive and facilitating behaviors towards each other than in the normal dyads. These interaction patterns were significantly related to similar patterns in mother-child interactions observed 8 years earlier. Mothers of hyperactives also reported more personal psychological distress than normal mothers at outcome. Further analyses of subgroups of hyperactives at outcome, formed on the presence or absence of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), indicated that the presence of ODD accounted for most of the differences between hyperactives and normals on the interaction measures, ratings of home conflicts, and ratings of maternal psychological distress. Results suggest that the development and maintenance of ODD into adolescence in hyperactive children is strongly associated with aggression and negative parent-child interactions in childhood.     

D1 and D2 receptor antagonists differently affect cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in the mouse

Pretreament with small, per se ineffective doses of the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 inhibited hyperactivity induced by cocaine. On the other hand, the classic neuroleptic haloperidol and the selective D2 antagonist metoclopramide prevented the stimulatory effects of cocaine on locomotion only at hypokinetic doses, while the atypical neuroleptic (–)-sulpiride, a selective D2 antagonist, did not produce significant effects when administered at the hypokinetic dose of 12 mg/kg. Finally, at low doses (–)-sulpiride dose-dependently potentiated the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine, an effect that is not shared either with haloperidol or with metoclopramide. These results are discussed in terms of different roles of DA receptor subtypes in the modulation of the stimulant effects of cocaine on locomotion.     

Evidence for monoaminergic involvement in triadimefon-induced hyperactivity

Triadimefon is a triazole fungicide that produces hyperactivity in both mice and rats similar to that seen following administration of compounds with catecholaminergic activity (e.g., d-amphetamine). To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxlase inhibitor d,l--methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine. Adult male Long-Evans hooded rats, approximately 70 days of age were used. Dosage-effect functions were determined for MPT (0–200 mg/kg IP), reserpine (0–2.5 mg/kg IP), d-amphetamine (0–3 mg/kg IP), and methylphenidate (0–40 mg/kg IP). Motor activity was measured as photocell interruptions in figure-eight mazes. The interaction between triadimefon and MPT was determined with the following groups: 1) vehicle control; 2) 200 mg/kg triadimefon PO; 3) 100 mg/kg MPT; and 4) both MPT and triadimefon. A similar design was used to determine the interaction between triadimefon and reserpine (0.62 mg/kg), MPT and d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), and reserpine and methylphenidate (5.0 mg/kg). In the first experiment MPT did not block the increased motor activity produced by triadimefon (i.e., both triadimefon alone and MPT in combination with triadimefon produced significant increases in motor activity). MPT did, however, block d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. Since MPT did not antagonize the effect of triadimefon, these data suggest that increased motor activity produced by triadimefon is not mediated through release of newly synthesized catecholamines. In contrast, pretreatment with reserpine blocked the hyperactivity induced by both triadimefon and methylphenidate, which suggests that triadimefon-induced hyperactivity may be due to an interaction with CNS catecholamines stored in reserpine-sensitive pools.The research described in this article has been reviewed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA, November, 1987     

Continuity and Change in Preschool ADHD Symptoms: Longitudinal Genetic Analysis with Contrast Effects

The genetic and environmental mediation of continuity and change in parent-reported ADHD symptoms were investigated in a cohort of over 6000 twin pairs at 2, 3 and 4 years of age. Genetic analyses of the cross-sectional data yielded heritability estimates of 0.78–0.81 at each age, with contrast effects. A common pathway model provided the best fit to the longitudinal data, indicating that genetic influences underlie 91% of the stable variance in ADHD symptomatology. In other words, what is stable for ADHD symptoms is largely genetic. Contrast effects acting in the same direction at different ages contributed to the observed continuity:longitudinal correlations were greater for dizygotic than monozygotic twins.The Twins Early Development Study is funded by the Medical Research Council.     

The development of brain biogenic amines, cyclic nucleotides and hyperactivity in 6-OHDA-treated rat pups

Developmental changes in the behavior and brain biochemistry of rat pups were investigated in rats administered intracisternal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or its vehicle at 5 days of age. Although pups of both groups were equivalent in their activity at 15 days of age, 6-OHDA-induced hyperactivity emerged at 20 and 30 days of age in a between-group design in which rats were only tested at one age. Body weight measurements revealed that 6-OHDA-treated rats were underweight at 15, 25 and 30 days of age. Furthermore, at 20 days of age, total activity was inversely related to body weights in the 6-OHDA-treated pups. Whole-brain levels of dopamine (DA) were decreased at every age by the 6-OHDA treatment, whereas norepinephrine (NE) levels were virtually unaffected by 6-OHDA at these same ages. Total activity was inversely correlated with whole-brain DA levels at 20 and 30 days of age when 6-OHDA-treated pups were hyperactive. Measures of cerebellar and "rest-of-brain" adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were not uniformly altered by either the 6-OHDA treatment or by maturation. Results are discussed both in terms of brain biochemistry modulation of hyperactivity and the contribution of decreased body weights induced by 6-OHDA to the production of hyperactivity.     

Paradoxical effect of amphetamine in an endogenous model of the hyperkinetic syndrome in a hybrid dog: Correlation with amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine blood levels

A telomian-beagle hybrid has been studied as a possible model for the hyperkinetic syndrome in children. Behavior tests showed that hybrids, like children, exhibit hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and impaired learning. Two groups of hybrid could be differentiated; the behaviour of one improved after amphetamine (responders) while that of the did not (nonresponders). Moreover hybrids were less responsive than beagles to other effects of amphetamine such as stereotyped behaviour and hyperthermia. Measurement of blood levels of amphetamine and its active metabolite p-hydroxyamphetamine (pOA) showed that hybrids form less pOA. We propose that the lesser response of hybrids to toxic effects of amphetamine is due to this difference in amphetamine metabolism. Responders showed higher peak blood levels of amphetamine than nonresponders and their improvement on amphetamine correlated with blood levels of amphetamine.Therefore high levels of amphetamine appear to be necessary for its paradoxical effect in this model. This suggests that amphetamine acts by activating both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neuronal systems in the CNS.     

注意缺陷多动儿童不同注意状态下事件相关电位的比较研究

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童和正常儿童在主动和被动注意状态下,事件相关电位N1、P2、N2、P3各波的异同.方法采用病例对照方法,对30例ADHD儿童和30例正常儿童,分别在被动和主动注意状态下进行经典的听觉Oddball模式事件相关电位研究.结果①在不同注意状态下,ADHD组靶刺激N2、P3潜伏期显著长于对照组(P＜0.05);波幅差异无显著意义.②两组儿童随注意程度的增加P3波幅也显著升高,但ADHD组Fz点波幅变化不显著.③两次测试的波幅增幅比较,两组儿童间差异无显著意义.④ADHD组的计数成绩显著低于对照组.结论 ADHD儿童存在一定的认知功能损害.