肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的诊治

目的 :讨论肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的临床特点和诊治方法。方法 :对 11例肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 :本组肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的术前确诊率为 18.2 % (2 /11) ;术中冰冻病理检查确诊 2例 ;术后病理证实 7例。肝门胆管癌 72 .7% (8/11) ,中段胆管癌 9.1% (1/11) ,下段胆管癌 18.2 % (2 /11)。肿瘤根治切除率 36 .4 % (4/11) ,姑息性手术 6 3.6 % (7/11)。结论 :提高对本病的认识及详细的术中探查是及早发现胆管癌的重要途径。胆管癌根治性切除明显优于姑息性手术。     

肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：总结肝部分切除治疗左肝内胆管结石的经验。方法：对1995年至2002年7月152例肝内胆管结石病人，13例行肝部分切除进行总结。结果：在10例行肝左外叶切除，3例行肝左叶切除经验的基础上，总结出在基层医院医疗设备不完善的情况下，控制肝脏手术中出血，简化手术，以免导致肝功能的恶化。减少了术后结石残留和复发率。结论：治疗肝内胆管结石的最有效的手段是切除病变肝段。     

肝胆管结石的微创外科治疗进展

目的探讨肝胆管结石的微创外科治疗进展。方法对国内、外有关肝胆管结石的微创外科治疗方面的文献进行综述。结果腹腔镜肝切除术和腹腔镜下胆道探查取石可获得良好的效果，纤维胆道镜在肝胆管结石术中和术后的应用具有重要的意义。结论肝胆管结石应采取个体化的治疗方案，腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜等多路微创手术的联合应用可提高肝胆管结石的治愈率。     

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目的探讨介入治疗在肝胆管结石术前、术后的应用及疗效。方法对20例多发肝内外胆管结石病人于手术前后进行介入治疗操作，包括经皮引流术、扩张术、胆道内支架留置术、动脉栓塞术等多种方法。结果通过进行介入治疗可达到不同程度的症状缓解或痊愈，未出现新的并发症。结论介入治疗在肝胆管结石外科手术前后的合理应用，可以大大降低手术危险性，并能对部分术后并发症的治疗提供帮助；胆系介入治疗是一种安全有效的技术，在肝胆管结石的治疗中如能综合灵活应用，可以作为胆道外科手术的辅助治疗方法。     

Peripheral hepatolithiasis incidentally found at autopsy

Summary Hepatolithiasis is a common disease in East Asia though very rare in the West. Four cases of hepatolithiasis in which calculi were incidentally found in the peripheral branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree at autopsy are described and compared with hepatolithiasis involving the major branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree. These four cases were all elderly, three patients were male and one female. The calculi were brown pigment stones in each case, as seen in the major branch type. The stone-containing ducts showed mild fibrosis and glandular proliferation with inflammatory changes in three cases; these changes were marked in the fourth case. The hepatic parenchyma around the stone-containing ducts was atrophic or collapsed in all four cases. The major branches of the intrahepatic biliary tree as well as the extrahepatic tree failed to show findings suggestive of bacterial infections or biliary anomalies. These data suggest that brown pigment stones develop primarily in the peripheral ducts in the liver. It remains uncertain whether the peripheral type eventually progresses to the major type or not.     

肝内胆管结石患者行腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量的影响因素分析

目的:探讨肝内胆管结石行腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量的影响因素。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2017年12月216例肝内胆管结石患者行腹腔镜左肝切除术的临床资料,根据远期生存质量情况分组,分析患者术后远期生存质量的影响因素。结果:79例行左半肝切除术,137例行左外叶切除术;术后随访25~80个月,中位随访时间34.0个月;随访评价生存质量良好192例,不佳24例;其中结石残留22例、复发16例、胆管炎反复发作24例、死亡6例。单因素分析结果显示,性别、肝胆手术史、血肌酐、白蛋白、活化部分凝血活酶时间、胆道镜使用情况、术后胆道引流情况、手术时间及术后结石残留情况与腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,肝胆手术史、术后胆道引流情况及手术时间是肝内胆管结石患者微创左肝切除术后远期生存质量的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:有肝胆手术史、术后胆道引流及手术时间≥240 min的肝内胆管结石患者远期生活质量更差,预后不良风险更高。     

Percutaneous transhepatic Laser lithotripsy for intrahepatic cholelithiasis

PurposeTo report the technical success, complications and long-term outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholelithiasis not amenable to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) who were treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary Laser lithotripsy (PTBLL).Patients and methodsA retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent PTBLL for intrahepatic cholelithiasis was performed. There were 5 men and 7 women with a mean age of 46 ± 18 (SD) years (range: 23–75 years). PTBLL was performed when stone clearance using ERCP had previously failed or was not appropriate due to unfavourable anatomy or the presence of multiple stones or a large stone. Percutaneous biliary access into intrahepatic ducts was obtained if not already present and lithotripsy was performed using a HolmiumYAG 2100 nM Laser. Patients files were analyzed to determine the technical success, complications and long-term outcomes.ResultsEleven patients (11/12; 92%) had a history of previous hepatobiliary surgery and nine (9/12; 75%) had multiple stones confirmed on preprocedure imaging. A 100% success rate in fragmenting the target stone(s) was achieved and 11/12 patients (92%) had successful first pass extraction of target stone fragments. Two patients (2/12; 17%) required repeat lithotripsy. One patient (1/12; 8%) experienced a major complication in the form of cholangitis. Of patients with long-term follow-up, 4/10 (40%) had recurrence of intrahepatic calculi with a mean time interval of 31 months (range 3–84 months).ConclusionFor patients with intrahepatic biliary calculi not amenable to ERCP, PTBLL provides an effective and safe alternate treatment.     

肝叶切除联合胆肠内引流在肝内外胆管结石手术治疗中的应用分析

目的总结肝叶切除联合胆肠内引流治疗肝内外胆管结石的经验,评价其手术效果及其预后。方法收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院肝胆胰外科二病区2006年9月至2014年4月行肝叶切除联合胆肠内引流治疗肝内外胆管结石26例患者的临床资料,统计患者的性别、年龄、临床表现、既往胆道手术史、结石的分布、术式、术后并发症以及随访情况,以探讨近远期手术效果。结果平均住院时间19.73±7.14天,手术时间264.92±46.11分钟,术中失血量143.68±96.03 ml。术后出现胆漏4例(15.38%),胸腔积液8例(30.76%),切口感染3例(11.53%),脓毒血症1例(3.84%),即时结石清除率84.61%,23例病人获得1~9年随访,3例发现结石复发。结论肝叶切除联合胆肠内引流是治疗肝内外胆管结石的有效方法。其中,术中胆道镜判断Oddi’s括约肌功能为确定手术方式、减少术后结石复发的关键因素。     

机器人和开腹手术治疗复杂肝胆管结石的对比研究

目的探讨机器人手术治疗复杂肝胆管结石的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析应用达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗复杂肝胆管结石病人28例,选择同期开腹手术治疗肝胆管结石病人21例作对照。比较两组间术中失血量、手术时间、术后肛门自主排气时间、住院时间、围手术期并发症等情况,分析其差异性。结果机器人组无中转开腹病例,手术完成率100%;与开腹组相比,机器人组病人术中出血量少、住院时间短、术后肛门自主排气时间早,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组病人手术时间、围手术期并发症差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。机器人组与开腹组术后结石残留率(10.7%比14.3%)和胆管炎复发率(17.9%比19.0%)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论达芬奇机器人手术治疗复杂肝胆管结石安全、有效。     

规则性肝叶切除治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石患者疗效研究

目的 比较采取规则性肝叶切除与非规则性肝叶切除治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石患者的疗效。方法 2019年1月～2020年6月我院收治的298例复杂性肝内胆管结石患者,其中139例接受规则性肝叶切除术,另159例接受不规则性肝叶切除术,术后随访6个月。采用ELISA法或双抗体夹心免疫发光法检测血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)和C反应蛋白(CRP)。结果 观察组手术时间为(121.3±25.2)min,显著长于对照组【(116.7±22.8)min,P＜0.05】,而术中出血量、肛门排气和住院时间分别为(252.3±60.0)mL、(18.9±3.2)h和(11.2±2.3)d,均显著少于或短于对照组【分别为(301.7±70.2)mL、(20.1±4.1)h和(14.5±3.5)d,P＜0.05】;在术后7 d,观察组血清CRP、IL-6和PCT水平分别为(23.8±6.0)mg/L、(80.8±10.1)μg/L和(1.4±0.5)ng/mL,显著低于对照组【分别为(27.9±6.8)mg/L、(96.7±11.3)μg/L和(1.8±0.4)ng/mL,P＜0.05】;观察组血清ALB水平为(34.1±2.9)g/L,显著高于对照组【(32.5±2.7)g/L,P＜0.05】;在随访6个月末,观察组患者出现切口感染、胆漏、胆道出血和胸腔积液并发症发生率为7.9%,显著低于对照组的15.7%(P＜0.05】,观察组结石复发率为11.5%,显著低于对照组的23.9%(P＜0.05)。结论 采取规则性肝叶切除治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石患者可能更有利于患者康复,减少并发症的发生,其效果还需要进一步观察。