软胶囊崩解迟缓现象影响因素研究

目的：研究储存条件以及软胶囊处方对明胶胶片稳定性的影响，探讨软胶囊崩解迟缓的原因。方法：制备明胶胶片模拟软胶囊囊壳，采用溶胀动力学法测定明胶胶片平衡溶胀量(Seq)，同时测定软胶囊内容物溶媒PEG400中甲醛含量。以上述结果为指标，考察不同储存条件与胶囊处方对明胶胶片交联程度的影响。结果：空白明胶胶片在40℃条件下Seq与对照组具有极显著性差异，PEG400中甲醛含量增加。含有甘油、山梨醇、二氧化钛等辅料的胶片浸泡在PEG400中后Seq与对照组具有极显著性差异，PEG400中甲醛含量量著增加。加速条件下含有抗氧剂的胶片Seq与PEG400中甲醛含量变化不大。结论：在考察的储存条件中，温度对软胶囊稳定性影响较大。含有一些常用辅料的明胶胶片易受PEG400中外源性醛类杂质的影响，Seq降低。低沮保存、纯化辅料以及添加抗氧剂有助于缓解软胶囊崩解迟缓现象的发生。     

明胶降解物对大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响

目的 探讨组织工程心瓣膜常用人工基质材料--明胶发生降解后的产物对大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响. 方法 利用酶组合技术制备明胶降解物（gelatin hydrolysate, GH）,采用超滤的方法分离出低分子量明胶降解物组分（gelatin hydrolysate fraction, GHF）,用于5只SD大鼠真皮成纤维细胞的体外培养.采用CCK-8活细胞计数试剂盒（Cell Counting Kit-8）检测细胞的增殖情况,ELISA试剂盒检测细胞I型胶原蛋白的分泌情况. 结果 ①GHF对细胞增殖作用的浓度效应：在0.125～1.0 mg/ml浓度范围内,GHF对细胞的促增殖作用呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,在0.25 mg/ml时,细胞增殖率最大,达到（47.54±16.35）%;②GH与GHF对细胞增殖影响比较：GH与GHF均具有促进细胞增殖的作用,且在浓度为0.25 mg/ml时,促细胞增殖作用无显著差异[（27.04±15.21）% vs （39.22±15.55）%, P=0.177];③GH与GHF对细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白影响比较：GHF组第3天时Ⅰ型胶原分泌量为（28.06±5.60）pg/105,与空白对照的（18.24±4.52）pg/105相比,有显著差异（P=0.006）,而GH组直至第6天时Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌量,与空白对照相比,无统计学意义（P=0.103）. 结论 分子量大小不同的明胶降解物GH与GHF均具有促进大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖的作用,且分子量较小的GHF还具有促进细胞I型胶原分泌的功能.     

明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂预防干槽症临床研究

目的　探讨在拔除下颌阻生齿后 ,采用明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂置于牙槽窝内是否在预防干槽症中发挥作用。方法　临床上随机选择A、B两组下颌第三磨牙拔除的病人 ,每组 10 0例 ,A组为拔除下颌阻生齿后缝合不做其他处理 ,B组在拔牙后应用明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂置于拔牙创内并缝合。结果　A、B两组在拔牙后 4 8～ 72h无显著差异 ,在 72h后发生干槽症上A组明显大于B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂有明显的预防拔牙术后发生干槽症的作用。     

Drawn gelatin films with improved mechanical properties

Chain anisotropic distribution in gelatin films has been obtained by uniaxial stretching at constant relative humidity, followed by air drying and successive cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The drawn samples have been characterized by mechanical tests, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The Young’s modulus, E, and the stress at break, σ_b, increase linearly with the draw ratio and reach values which are about five times those characteristic of undrawn samples. Furthermore, on stretching the alignment of the gelatin strands along the direction of deformation increases while the thickness of the layers decreases significantly. The renaturation level, that is the fraction of gelatin in a collagen-like structure, has been calculated as the ratio between the melting enthalpy of gelatin samples and that of tendon collagen. The results indicate that the improvement of mechanical properties achieved by drawn gelatin is closely related to the renaturation level. The experimental approach utilized to induce segmental orientation in gelatin films, allows to obtain anisotropic materials with improved mechanical properties in the direction of deformation, and can be usefully applied in the preparation of biomaterials.     

骨髓基质细胞和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料生物相容性研究

目的:研究壳聚糖/明胶共混材料对离体培养的骨髓基质细胞粘附及增殖的影响,寻找骨髓基质细胞新的载体材料。方法:取2周龄幼兔的长骨采集骨髓,培养骨髓基质细胞,体外扩增1周后,种植于纯壳聚糖和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料的表面。在倒置光学显微镜、扫描电镜的辅助下,观察细胞的粘附和生长情况,种植7d后用透射电镜观察细胞功能状况,用MTT方法检测种植后2d、4d、6d、8d细胞的增殖情况。结果:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料和纯壳聚糖能促进骨髓基质细胞在材料表面粘附并保持其在机体内的形态。壳聚糖/明胶共混材料表面的骨髓基质细胞功能活跃。在材料表面和培养板表面培养的骨髓基质细胞均能持续增殖,而壳聚糖/明胶共混材料能显著促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖(P<0.01)。结论:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料保持了壳聚糖的某些生物活性,同时由于加入明胶,能促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖,可作为骨髓基质细胞的载体应用于组织工程。     

壳聚糖—明胶混合膜的制备及其生物降解性研究

将壳聚糖与明胶按一定比例混合制膜，通过体外降解及动物体内实验研究了其降解性和生物相容性，结果表明壳聚糖－明胶混合膜在小鼠体现人降解速度较快，并具有较好的生物相容性，溶菌酶对混合膜的生物降解有促进作用。     

复方补血胶囊中葡萄糖酸亚铁的含量测定

目的：复方补血胶囊中葡萄糖酸亚铁的含量测定。方法：根据Fe^2 与邻二氮菲显色,在510nm处有最大吸收,利用分光光度法测定。结果：葡萄糖亚铁在7－34μg/ml的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9999),回收率、日内变异均符合要求,结论：建立了复方补血胶囊中葡萄糖酸亚铁的含量测定方法。     

小容量高渗氯化钠溶液/琥珀酰明胶复苏犬失血性休克

目的:研究复合应用高渗氯化钠溶液和琥珀酰明胶对失血性休克犬的血流动力学和氧转运的影响。方法:18只犬麻醉后气管内插管,自主呼吸空气。经股动脉放血至平均动脉压为6.7kPa并维持2h。分为3组,每组6只。氯化钠溶液组:于5min内输入失血量10%的75g·L-1NaCl;高渗氯化钠溶液/琥珀酰明胶组:于5min内输入失血量10%的75g·L-1NaCl/琥珀酰明胶;乳酸钠林格氏液组:于20min内输入2.5倍失血量的乳酸钠林格氏液。结果:3组的血流动力学参数在治疗后都有显著的改善。高渗氯化钠溶液/琥珀酰明胶对血流动力学和氧供的作用时间较HSC持久。高渗氯化钠溶液/琥珀酰明胶组的胶体渗透压明显高于其它两组。各组氧摄取率和血浆乳酸浓度无显著差异。结论:失血性休克早期应用小容量75g·L-1NaCl/琥珀酰明胶可改善血流动力学和氧供需平衡。     

Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP) Has Limited Effects on In Vitro Apatite Formation and Growth

Sialoproteins such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) accumulate at the mineralization fronts in bone and dentin, respectively, suggesting they have some function in the mineralization process. BSP, a highly phosphorylated protein rich in polyglutamate repeats, is an effective nucleator of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation in vitro. The present study examines the effect of DSP, a low phosphorylated but related sialoprotein, on the formation and growth of HA. In vitro, in a gelatin gel diffusion system, DSP at low concentrations (<25 μg/ml) slightly increased the yield of HA formed at 3.5 and 5 days, while at higher concentrations (50–100 μg/ml) it slightly inhibited accumulation. Fewer mineral crystals were formed in the presence of high concentrations of DSP but they tended to aggregate (making them appear larger by electron microscopic analysis) than those formed in DSP-free gels. X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis failed to show significant changes in c-axis crystal dimensions with increasing DSP concentration. When HA-seed crystals were coated with DSP before inclusion in the gelatin gel there was a reduction in mineral accumulation relative to HA-seeds which had not been coated with DSP, but the extent of inhibition was significantly less than that seen in this system with other mineralized tissue matrix sialoproteins, such as osteopontin or BSP. The low affinity of DSP for well-characterized seed crystals and the limited effect of this protein on HA formation and growth suggest that the role of DSP in dentin is not primarily that of a mineralization regulator. Received: 25 April 2000 / Accepted: 21 July 2000 / Online publication: 2 November 2000     

牦牛皮胶的毒理学安全性评价

目的:评价牦牛皮胶的安全性,为其应用提供毒理学安全依据。方法:进行小鼠经口急性毒性试验、大鼠遗传毒性试验及30天喂养试验。结果:①小鼠经口急性毒性试验,雌、雄小鼠经口累计两次灌胃量达15g/kgBW(相当于人群推荐量0.133g/kgBW的113倍),属无毒级。②遗传毒性试验。小鼠骨髓微核试验及小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。③大鼠30天喂养试验。未发现其对试验大鼠的生长发育、血液学、生化、脏体比及组织病理学有明显不良影响。结论:在试验剂量3.28g/kgBW～15g/kgBW范围内,牦牛皮胶可作为毒理学安全的保健食品