自制裸磁珠对常见食源性致病菌吸附性能的研究

目的：研究自制裸磁珠对常见食源性致病菌和卫生指示菌的吸附性能，摸索从样品中快速分离和浓集细菌的方法。方法：试验裸磁珠对细菌的吸附性能，摸索温度和样品成分对其吸附性能的影响。结果：自制裸磁珠在37℃对常见食源性致病菌和卫生指示菌有很强的吸附，吸附率均高于97％。食品成分对其吸附有一定影响，吸附率最低为58．42％。结论：自制裸磁珠可望用于环境和食品样品中多种细菌的非特异性吸附分离和浓集，值得进一步研究和推广。     

Probiotic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: An effective strategy against a deadly enemy?

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food-borne pathogens that constitute a serious public health threat. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for EHEC infections in human creating an urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among them, one of the most promising approaches is the use of probiotic microorganisms. Even if many studies have shown the antagonistic effects of probiotic bacteria or yeast on EHEC survival, virulence, adhesion on intestinal epithelium or pathogen-induced inflammatory responses, mechanisms mediating their beneficial effects remain unclear. This review describes EHEC pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on probiotics. The interests and limits of a probiotic-based approach and the way it might be incorporated into global health strategies against EHEC infections will be discussed.     

我国食品来源金黄色葡萄球菌种群结构分析

目的了解我国食源性金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的种群结构。方法通过全基因组测序方法对2006-2020年我国16个省份收集的763株食源性金葡菌进行多位点序列分型、葡萄球菌蛋白A编码基因(spa)和葡萄球菌染色体mec基因盒(SCCmec)分型, 使用BioNumerics 7.5软件创建基于ST类型的最小生成树。国外进口食品分离到的金葡菌31株被纳入基因组系统发育树的构建。结果 763株金葡菌共鉴定出90个ST型和160个spa型别, 其中20种为新ST型别。72个(72/90, 80.0%)ST型属于22个克隆群, 其中主要型别为CC7、CC1、CC5、CC398、CC188、CC59、CC6、CC88、CC15和CC25, 占82.44%(629/763)。其中优势克隆群中ST型和spa型别随着时间的变化呈多态性变化。耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA)的阳性率为7.60%, 共鉴定出7种SCCmec型别, 以ST59-t437-Ⅳa(17.24%, 10/58)、ST239-t030-Ⅲ(12.07%, 7/58)、ST59-t437-Ⅴb(8.62%, 5/58)、ST338-t437-...     

2013 年厦门市食源性致病菌监测结果

目的了解厦门市市售食品食源性致病菌污染情况,为控制和降低食源性疾病提供依据。方法根据（（2013年食源性致病菌工作手册》的要求,对采集的样品进行病原菌分离鉴定。结果共监测样品408份,检出致病菌22株,总检出率为5．39％,其中,铜绿假单胞菌检出率为20％（4／20）,阪崎肠杆菌检出率为12．5％（4／32）,副溶血性弧菌检出率为6．67％（5／75）。结论饮用水、婴幼儿食品、地方特色食品、餐饮食品和水产品是厦门市食品的主要污染品种,应加强监督管理,减少由此引起食源性疾病的发生。     

Clostridium difficile and One Health

BackgroundFor over four decades, Clostridium difficile has been a significant enteric pathogen of humans. It is associated with the use of antimicrobials that generally disrupt the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, it was thought that C. difficile was primarily a hospital-acquired infection; however, with the emergence of community-associated cases, and whole-genome sequencing suggesting the majority of the hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) cases are genetically distinct from one another, there is compelling evidence that sources/reservoirs of C. difficile outside hospitals play a significant role in the transmission of CDI.ObjectivesTo review the ‘One Health’ aspects of CDI, focusing on how community sources/reservoirs might be acting as a conduit in the transfer of C. difficile between animals and humans. The importance of a One Health approach in managing CDI is discussed.SourcesA literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science for relevant papers published from 1 January 2000 to 10 July 2019.ContentWe present evidence that demonstrates transmission of C. difficile in hospitals from asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic CDI patients. The source of colonization is most probably community reservoirs, such as foods and the environment, where toxigenic C. difficile strains have frequently been isolated. With high-resolution genomic sequencing, the transmission of C. difficile between animals and humans can be demonstrated, despite a clear epidemiological link often being absent. The ways in which C. difficile from animals and humans can disseminate through foods and the environment are discussed, and an interconnected transmission pathway for C. difficile involving food animals, humans and the environment is presented.ImplicationsClostridium difficile is a well-established pathogen of both humans and animals that contaminates foods and the environment. To manage CDI, a One Health approach with the collaboration of clinicians, veterinarians, environmentalists and policy-makers is paramount.     

南通市食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的分析南通市食品食源性致病菌污染状况及食源性疾病的发生情况,以便能采取相应的预防与控制措施。方法于2004～2008年每年夏秋季在集贸市场、大型超市采集样品,按国标方法对食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、EHEC0157：H7及副溶血弧菌5个菌种进行致病菌监测。结果采集4类样品共1800份,检出致病菌495份,总检出率为27．5％。其中沙门菌检出率为10．9％,单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率8．1％、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率6．7％,EHEC0157：H7检出率为0．28％,水产品的副溶血性弧菌检出率高达1．6％。结论南通市4类主要食品均受到食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,其中生肉类食品、水产品和熟肉制品是主要污染食品品种。因此,应采取相应的预防和控制措施,加强对各类食品食源性致病菌监测,防止食源性疾病的蔓延。     

北京市2001—2005年食源性疾病监测

食源性疾病暴发是重要公共卫生突发事件,有时候甚至会影响社会稳定。分析北京地区食源性疾病暴发的原因和特点,有针对性地开展预防控制有重要意义。资料来源于2001-2005年北京市卫生监督所接收全市疑似食源性疾病的报告,资料经各区(县)卫生监督所调查核实。采用Epi Data软件建立数据库,SPSS软件统计分析。     

国境口岸食源性微生物检测基因芯片探针设计新方法的研究

SNP位点选择是国境口岸食源性微生物基因芯片检测探针设计的关键环节,目前主要依靠手工完成,严重影响着检测速度和检测质量,为此提出了一种基于遗传算法的SNP位点的自动选择方法。该方法运用粗糙集理论评估SNP位点组合的分类能力,综合与检测实验密切相关的设计指标,采用遗传算法进行优化搜索。实验结果表明,该方法具有很好的稳健性和较快的收敛速度,能够准确地寻找食源性微生物的SNP位点组合,为大规模的检测芯片探针自动设计提供了快速可靠的途径,缩短了国境口岸致病微生物的检测时限,提高了检测结果的准确性。     

2018-2020年甘肃省食源性疾病中致泻大肠埃希菌的耐药性分析

摘要：目的 本文对甘肃省2018-2020年食源性疾病监测中分离的致泻大肠埃希菌从年度、季度、性别、年龄分布进行分析,并对分离株耐药状况进行研究,为由致泻大肠埃希菌引起的食源性疾病的防控及抗生素的使用提供政策和依据。方法 按照《食源性疾病监测工作手册》从食源性疾病病例监测样本中分离得到大肠埃希菌株,PCR方法进行分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。结果 2018-2020年甘肃省由致泻大肠埃希菌引起的食源性疾病呈下降趋势,患病率男性大于女性,19~45岁组大于其他年龄组。致泻大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高(78.8%),对复方磺胺甲恶唑、头孢唑林、四环素3种抗生素的耐药率超过40%,对亚胺培南、头孢西丁、头孢他啶3种抗生素的耐药率低于10%。致泻大肠埃希菌的多重耐药率为69.8%。5种型别的致泻大肠埃希菌中EAEC占比为62.2%,各型别对氨苄西林、头孢唑林和头孢噻肟的抗生素敏感性存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 甘肃省食源性疾病中致泻大肠埃希菌耐药形势严峻,各个市州应当完善食源性疾病中致泻大肠埃希菌的监测工作,并对抗生素的使用进行控制。