加速康复外科在肝癌肝切除术中的临床应用研究

目的 研究加速康复外科(ERAS)在肝癌肝切除术中的临床应用效果及价值.方法 回顾性研究哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院普外科2013年6月-2015年6月肝癌行肝切除术患者172例,其中ERAS组92例,对照组80例,比较分析两组患者术后肝功能指标(ALT、AST、TBIL)、营养免疫指标(ALB、PA、淋巴细胞计数)、术后并发症、术后康复及卫生经济学等相关指标.结果 肝功能指标:ERAS组患者术后1、7天ALT、AST及TBIL水平分别为(216.3 ±141.7) U/L、(70.1 ±29.4) U/L;(184.0± 155.8) U/L、(39.1±17.5) U/L;(22.4±8.7) μmol/L、(20.0±7.5) μmol/L,对照组分别为(304.5±226.2) U/L、(83.9±48.5) U/L;(294.1±273.0) U/L、(49.2±33.8) U/L;(26.9±15.6) μmol/L、(24.6±10.8) μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=9.33,9.84,9.26,P＜0.05).营养免疫指标:ERAS组患者术后第7天ALB、PA水平分别为(35.3 ±4.4)g/L、(136.3±34.1)mg/L,对照组为(33.6±4.2) g/L、(108.0±32.5) mg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.97,4.54,P＜0.05);ERAS组患者术后1、7天淋巴细胞计数为(0.9±0.3)×109/L、(1.5±0.5)×109/L,对照组为(0.7±0.3)×109/L、(1.3±0.5)×109/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=7.37,P ＜0.05).手术并发症:ERAS组患者术后出血0例,胆漏2例,肝功能障碍2例,感染3例;对照组术后出血3例,胆漏1例,肝功能障碍2例,感染3例,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);腹水ERAS组11例,对照组23例,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.609,P＜0.05).术后康复及卫生经济学指标:ERAS组离床活动时间、排气时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用分别为(1.7±0.5)d、(2.3±0.6)d、(9.8±2.3)d、(4.6±0.9)万元,对照组分别为(3.0±0.7)d、(3.4±0.8)d、(17.6±5.8)d、(6.3±2.1)万元,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=13.032,10.937,11.371,7.118,P＜O.05).结论 ERAS应用于肝癌肝切除术围手术期管理是安全有效的,它不仅有效地减少了患者应激反应,促进术后肝功能的恢复,改善术后营养免疫状态,而且缩短了术后住院时间,降低了住院总费用,具有显著的卫生经济学效应和社会效应.     

胆囊癌的CT表现研究(附22例分析)

目的:研究胆囊癌的CT表现。方法:回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的胆囊癌的CT表现,测量9例胆囊癌静脉期和延迟期CT值,并与同层面正常肝实质静脉期和延迟期CT值进行比较。结果:12例表现为胆囊区肿块,4例表现为腔内结节,6例表现为胆囊壁不规则增厚。肝脏侵犯8例,肝内转移3例,腹膜后淋巴结转移4例。胆道系统扩张8例。胆囊癌较正常肝实质延迟期CT值下降缓慢,表现为"强化持续"。结论:CT扫描可以明确胆囊癌的存在以及周围侵犯和转移情况。     

质量管理体系在实验室管理中的作用

质量管理体系作为实验室的内部文件,指导实验室的各项工作有序开展,通过内审、管理评审和现场监督评审等,不断改善、优化实验室管理使实验室的发展不断地自我完善、自我提高。     

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa: comparison of two cryopreservation methods and three cryoprotectants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of two cryopreservation methods and three cryoprotectants to preserve sperm quality. DESIGN: A prospective clinical study. SETTING: Male infertility clinic at a tertiary healthcare center. PATIENT(S): Twenty infertile men and 10 healthy donors. INTERVENTION(S): In the first experiment, semen was cryopreserved by either the Irvine Scientific method (IS) or the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) method. In the second experiment, semen was cryopreserved by the IS method and one of three cryoprotectants: TES and Tris yolk buffer, Sperm Freezing Medium, or Enhance Sperm Freeze. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Postthaw sperm motility, cryosurvival, and kinematics. RESULT(S): Percentages of postthaw sperm motility and cryosurvival were higher in the IS cryopreservation method compared with in the CCF method (15.94 +/- 9.19 vs. 12.07 +/- 7.31 and 47.42 +/- 17.44 vs. 35.76 +/- 17.56). However, the CCF method resulted in significantly better sperm kinematics. Postthaw motility in the donors and patients was highest in the samples frozen in TES and Tris yolk buffer medium. CONCLUSION(S): The IS method was associated with more flash freezing compared with the CCF method and resulted in better preservation of sperm motility and a higher cryosurvival rate. TES and Tris yolk buffer was most effective at protecting sperm from the negative effects of the cryopreservation process. This may be due to the presence of egg yolk along with glycerol.     

大豆低聚糖润肠通便保健功能的研究

目的：探讨大豆低聚糖润肠通便作用的效果及剂量。方法：实验采用动物试验，将小白鼠（雄性，体重18－22克）分为两个实验组，每组70只，实验一组进行小肠推进试验，实验二组进行排便试验，时间均为7天。按推荐剂量每人每日10克设计，分为低、中、高三个剂量组，另设空白对照和模型对照组，统计分析采用PEMS软件。结果：在不影响小鼠体重的情况下，大豆低聚糖三个剂量组小肠推进率与模型对照组比较差异均有极显著变化（P＜0．01）；中、高剂量组小鼠的粪便粒数均高于便秘模型对照组，差异具有显著性（P＜0．05）；结论：大豆低聚糖对小鼠小肠运动有增强作用，并能增加小鼠的粪便粒数与重量，即：具有润肠通便作用。     

低场磁共振三维增强减影血管造影在腹部血管及与其相关疾病的应用

目的探讨低场3D-CES MRA的方法和评价其在腹部血管及与其相关疾病诊断的应用价值.方法使用日立AIRIS-Ⅱ comfort 0.3T MR,采用小剂量钆造影剂注射扫描预测造影剂到达靶血管的峰值时间,对23例腹部血管及与其相关疾病患者行3D-CES MRA.结果 23例全部一次成功,图像质量均达到诊断要求.3D-CES MRA能清晰显示腹主动脉及其主要分支的解剖结构和各种病变.结论 3D-CES MRA是一种诊断腹部血管及与其相关疾病的新方法,只要技术应用得当,低场磁共振同样可以取得符合临床诊断要求的图像.     

开展优质护理服务提升护士满意度

目的总结开展＂优质护理服务示范工程活动＂以来,护士满意度提高的原因与经验。方法分别于2010年1月和11月采用一般情况调查表及明尼苏达工作满意度问卷短式量表调查干部/老年科的护士在开展＂优质护理服务示范工程活动＂前后的工作满意度。结果开展＂优质护理服务示范工程活动＂1年以来,护士的内在满意度上升了35.27%,外在满意度上升了29.25%,一般满意度上升了27%。结论干部/老年科通过提高护士对各岗位的价值与责任的认可,科学规划护士的职业生涯,完善科室文化建设、薪酬与激励机制使护士的职业成就感、自身价值满意度均有不同程度提高。     

Factors Predisposing to Survival After Resuscitation for Sudden Cardiac Arrest

BackgroundIn the POST SCD study, the authors autopsied all World Health Organization (WHO)–defined sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) and found that only 56% had an arrhythmic cause; resuscitated sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) were excluded because they did not die suddenly. They hypothesized that causes underlying resuscitated SCAs would be similarly heterogeneous.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the causes and outcomes of resuscitated SCAs.MethodsThe authors identified all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) from February 1, 2011, to January 1, 2015, of patients aged 18 to 90 years in San Francisco County. Resuscitated SCAs were OHCAs surviving to hospitalization and meeting WHO criteria for suddenness. Underlying cause was determined by comprehensive record review.ResultsThe authors identified 734 OHCAs over 48 months; 239 met SCA criteria, 133 (55.6%) were resuscitated to hospitalization, and 47 (19.7%) survived to discharge. Arrhythmic causes accounted for significantly more resuscitated SCAs overall (92 of 133, 69.1%), particularly among survivors (43 of 47, 91.5%), than WHO-defined SCDs in POST SCD (293 of 525, 55.8%; p < 0.004 for both). Among resuscitated SCAs, arrhythmic cause, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation initial rhythm, and white race were independent predictors of survival. None of the resuscitated SCAs due to neurologic causes survived.ConclusionsIn this 4-year countywide study of OHCAs, only one-third were sudden, of which one-half were resuscitated to hospitalization and 1 in 5 survived to discharge. Arrhythmic cause predicted survival and nearly one-half of nonsurvivors had nonarrhythmic causes, suggesting that SCA survivors are not equivalent to SCDs. Early identification of nonarrhythmic SCAs, such as neurologic emergencies, may be a target to improve OHCA survival.     

Visually acceptable gloss threshold for resin composite and polishing systems

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare dentists’ perceptions of gloss values of composite specimens with increased levels and to identify the gloss value considered to be clinically acceptable.MethodsDisk-shaped composite specimens were finished and polished 3 ways: metallurgically using silicon carbide papers and alumina paste, manually using Enhance finisher and PoGo polisher (EP) (Dentsply Sirona), and manually using Sof-Lex (SLex) disks (3M). Specimens were produced with surface gloss ranging from 0 through 100 gloss units (GU) in increments of approximately 10 GU as measured with a glossmeter. A GU of 0 was nonglossy, and a GU of 100 was perfectly glossy. Ten dentists evaluated the specimens, ranking them in order from low to high gloss and in 4 groups: low (dull or rough), medium (moderate gloss, clinically unacceptable), high (glossy, clinically acceptable), and superior gloss. The authors performed Spearman correlation analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsFor each finish and polish method, there was an excellent correlation between the machine-measured (actual) gloss ranks and the clinician-evaluated gloss ranks (r² ≥ 0.95). There was no difference in perception of surface gloss of the composite when metallurgically polished (with silicon carbide papers and alumina paste) or polished with EP to the same GU. There was a slight difference in gloss perception when comparing the 2 different commercial polishing systems.ConclusionsTen dentists consistently perceived gloss of 40 through 50 GU as clinically acceptable. However, the composite was considered clinically acceptable at a lower gloss (40 GU) when polished with SLex disks than when polished with EP or metallurgically (50 GU).Practical ImplicationsGloss values of 40 through 50 GU are considered to be clinically acceptable for resin composites.     

原发性肺肉瘤样癌的CT影像学特征

目的 探讨原发性肺肉瘤样癌的CT影像征象及临床表现,提高对该疾病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2020年9月我院15例经病理证实的原发性肺肉瘤样癌的临床资料及CT影像征象.结果 15例原发性肺肉瘤样癌患者中,多见于50岁以上有吸烟史的中老年男性,临床表现以咳嗽、咳痰及痰中带血多见.CT上肺内肿瘤均单发,病变位...