柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床观察

目的 研究柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床疗效。方法 选取昆山市中医医院脾胃肝胆科2014年1月至2016年12月因胆总管结石行ERCP取石病例120例，按随机数字表法将120例病例随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各60例，治疗组口服自拟柴芍四金汤，每日1剂，水煎400 mL，分早晚两次温服，随证加减；对照组口服熊去氧胆酸250 mg/次，3次/d，2组均连续药物治疗6月，观察术后2周血清中总胆红素（Tbil）、直接胆红素（Dbil）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）指标、术后半年临床症状（包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差）及术后6月、12月、18月胆总管结石复发情况。结果 治疗组术后6月、12月及18月结石复发率略低于对照组，但两者差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）；治疗组在改善腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差症状方面优于对照组（ P <0.05）；治疗组在改善血清Tbil、Dbil、ALP、GGT水平方面优于对照组（ P <0.01）。结论 柴芍四金汤能有效预防ERCP术后胆总管结石的复发，且能改善胆总管结石引起的临床症状及血清生化指标。      

ERCP下行EST手术42例护理配合

目的：探讨ERCP下行EST手术的护理方法。方法：通过对42例ERCP下行EST手术的护理配合,总结术中器械的使用技巧及治疗与护理的注意事项。结果：48例患者插管成功45例（97.8%）,行EST 42例,均未发生大出血及穿孔。结论：护士充分细致的术前准备、准确迅速的术中配合及完善的术后护理,是治疗成功的基础和保障。     

CASE OF FASCIOLIASIS: EXTRACTION WITH ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. The zoonoses are particularly endemic in sheep‐raising countries and are also endemic in Turkey. Clinical features of fascioliasis relate to the stage and intensity of infection. Fasciola hepatica infection comprises two stages: hepatic and biliary, with different signs and symptoms. Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden, but, in some cases, they may be preceded by a long period of fever, eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We reported a case with fever and upper‐quadrant abdominal pain since 3 months that comes from an area endemic for fasciola hepatica, with suspected imaging about fasciola hepatica in common bile duct on ultrasonography. After that, fasciola hepatica was extracted with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.     

逆行胰胆管造影患者的术前心理反应与护理

目的有效保证行逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)患者的术前心理处于良好状态,从而提高ER-CP的成功率。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)随机对47例准备实施ERCP的患者进行测评,同时对相关影响因素进行调查,并与常模进行对照分析。结果47例患者SAS测评分为31~59分,平均(47.65±5.82)分,明显高出我国常模(29.78±10.07)的上限(P<0.01)。影响因素主要有担心手术不成功、术中疼痛、被其他患者歧视、经济问题及担心预后不佳等。结论术前充分评估患者的心理和影响因素,并有的放矢地做好心理护理,对提高手术成功率和减少并发症具有重要意义。     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影加乳头切开对胆总管结石的诊疗价值

目的　评价内镜下逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)对胆总管结石的诊断及治疗价值。方法　回顾性分析 14 2例临床怀疑有胆总管结石的患者先行ERCP检查 ,再经内镜下乳头括约肌切开术 (EST)治疗胆总管结石。结果　本组 14 2例 ,ERCP准确诊断胆总管结石 12 8例 ,怀疑结石 3例 ,其余 6例未发现异常 ,漏诊 5例 ,其诊断结石的准确率为 90 .1% ( 12 8/14 2 )。EST取石成功 12 9例 ,失败 4例 ,成功率为 96.9%。采用取石网篮、取石球囊和机械碎石网篮取石。结论　ERCP对胆总管结石有较高的诊断价值。EST是一种诊疗胆总管结石安全、有效的治疗方法     

胆管癌误诊和漏诊的影像学分析

目的：分析胆管癌误诊和漏诊的原因，评价不同检查方法对肝门区胆管癌诊断的价值，提高胆管癌的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法：收集31例临床和病理诊断为胆管癌的病例(ERCP检查31例，B超检查31例，25例CT检查，11例行MRCP检查)，回顾性分析不同检查方法的影像学表现。结果：31例中发生在肝门区的胆管癌25例。2例初次ERCP显示胆管内出血，再次行鼻胆管造影后诊断为胆管癌，4例合并有总胆管结石。6例为总胆管中下段癌。初次诊断准确性为90．3％。11例MRCP中9例显示病变，2例显示不满意，7例显示胆管或胆囊结石。25例CT中23例显示肝内胆管扩张，9例显示肝门区肿块，2例见后腹膜转移淋巴结，1例见肝内多发性转移瘤。12例初次诊断正确(48％)。B超检查23例提示肝内胆管扩张，6例提示总胆管结石，18例诊断为胆囊炎、胆囊结石，8例提示胆管占位(25．8％)。结论：良好的直接胆管造影是诊断胆管癌的金标准，MRCP可以在一定程度上准确显示病变的范围，是ERCP的良好补充，很大程度上取代了诊断性ERCP；CT诊断的关键在于显示扩张的胆管和梗阻的定位，肝门区梗阻多为胆管癌所致。多种影像检查方法的结合明显提高了诊断的准确性，对胆管癌治疗方案的选择有重要价值。     

Clinical analysis of congenital bile duct dilatation: Experience with 160 patients over a 7-year period

From July 1989, to June 1996, 160 patients with congenital bile duct dilatation (CBD) were treated at our institution. The incidence of CBD at our institution has increased annually. In approximately 90% of patients with CBD there was associated anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, and we concluded that this was one of the main causes of CBD. Pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was first introduced to China in 1989, and has been successfully performed in 90.2% of 92 patients at our institution. We found that age at diagnosis was closely related to the subtype, complications, and mortality of CBD. The subtype also correlated with the presenting symptoms. One hundred and forty-seven of the 160 patients underwent surgery. Of these 147 patients, 136 (92.5%) were cured with normal liver function and 9 (6.1%) improved with liver impairment. Two patients died, one of postoperative pneumonia and one of liver failure. We conclude that early radical surgery and careful postoperative follow-up are essential in the prevention of CBD complications such as cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary stones, and development of carcinoma. This article is based on a special lecture delivered before the 19th meeting of the Japanese Society of Pancreatico-biliary Maljunction, on September 14, 1996, in Tokyo