葆宫止血颗粒联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇治疗功能失调性子宫出血的疗效观察

目的探讨葆宫止血颗粒联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇治疗功能失调性子宫出血的临床疗效。方法选取2015年3月—2016年1月在郑州大学第五附属医院接受治疗的功能失调性子宫出血患者84例,随机分为对照组(42例)和治疗组(42例)。对照组患者口服去氧孕烯炔雌醇片,据阴道流血量的不同,给予不同的用药量,出血量较多者口服去氧孕烯炔雌醇1片/次,每隔8小时一次;出血量较少者1片/次,每12小时1次;血止后继续服用3 d后,渐减量至1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服葆宫止血颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗3个月经周期。治疗后,观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组子宫内膜厚度、出血控制时间、完全止血时间和性激素水平的变化。结果治疗后,两组的总有效率分别为80.95%、97.62%,两组总有效率比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组子宫内膜厚度、出血控制时间、完全止血时间均显著小于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者血清E2、P、FSH和PRL水平显著降低,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组上述指标改善更明显,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论葆宫止血颗粒联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇治疗功能失调性子宫出血效果显著,可明显改善患者临床症状和性激素水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Body composition and resting metabolic rate of perimenopausal women using continuous progestogen contraception

Objective The effect on body composition and in particular on fat mass (FM) of 12 months’ use of a desogestrel (DSG)-only contraceptive pill or the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was evaluated in women in the perimenopause.

Methods An observational study comprised 102 perimenopausal women: 42 received a 75 μg DSG pill, 34 received the 52 mg LNG-IUS, and 26 received no treatment. Body composition, body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were evaluated at baseline and again after 12 months.

Results FM did not change in the control group (? 0.5 ± 1.6%) but significantly increased in the LNG-IUS group (+ 1.1 ± 2.9%; p = 0.02 vs. controls) and in the DSG group (+ 2.8 ± 3.5%; p = 0.0001 vs. controls; p = 0.02 vs. LNG-IUS). Women treated with DSG or the LNG-IUS showed a non-significant increase in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference. RMR did not significantly vary in the control group (? 3.8 ± 292.9 kJ/ 24 h) and tended to decrease but not significantly in the LNG-IUS (115.5 ± 531.8 kJ/ 24 h) and DSG groups (305.9 ± 556.9 kJ/24 h).

Conclusions The results of this preliminary study seem to indicate that in perimenopausal women continuous use of the DSG-only pill and to a lesser extent the LNG-IUS may favour FM accumulation.     

去氧孕烯炔雌醇片在人工流产术后预防官腔粘连的效果分析

目的研究去氧孕烯炔雌醇片在人工流产术后预防官腔粘连的效果。方法选择2009年3月～2013年3月本院接诊的100例行人工流产术的患者,随机均分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者在术后即给予患者去氧孕烯炔雌醇片口服,对照组患者采用常规的抗生素及益母草颗粒治疗,治疗后对两组患者的宫腔粘连发生情况及两组患者的阴道出血时间、月经复潮时间及阴道出血量进行比较分析。结果观察组患者官腔粘连发生率（4．0％）明显低于对照组（16．0％）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（X2=-4．0000,P=-O．0455）。观察组患者的阴道出血时间、月经复潮时间明显短于对照组,阴道出血量明显少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论去氧孕烯炔雌醇片在人工流产术后预防宫腔粘连的疗效显著,可降低宫腔粘连发生率,缩短阴道出血时间及月经复潮时间,减少阴道出血量。     

两种单向复方口服避孕药对经前期综合征影响的研究

目的观察两种单向口服避孕药(OCs)优思明和妈富隆对育龄妇女经前期综合症(PMS)的影响。方法将自愿服用COC避孕的妇女随机分为两组,其中优思明(DRSP/EE)组47例,妈富隆(DSG/EE)组19例。两组均从月经周期第1天开始服药,1片/d,连续服用21天,之后停药7天。两组均连续服用6个周期(28天/周期)。两组对象在研究开始前及6个月经周期后各完成1份相同的经期不适问卷(MDQ)。计算服用避孕药前和服药6个周期后各组MDQ平均得分和平均得分的变化。结果①服药6个周期后,优思明组经前期水潴留和注意力损害评分、月经期水潴留评分比妈富隆组有显著性改善(P<0.05)。②优思明组服药6个周期后,经前期水潴留和消极情绪评分,月经期水潴留评分比服药前有显著性下降(P<0.05)。妈富隆组服药6个周期后,经前期消极情绪比服药前有显著性下降(P<0.05)。结论两种COC对PMS均有一定的改善作用;口服避孕药优思明比妈富隆对PMS的改善作用更加显著,这与DRSP抗盐皮质激素作用有关。     

Maintenance of ovulation inhibition with the 75-microg desogestrel-only contraceptive pill (Cerazette) after scheduled 12-h delays in tablet intake

BACKGROUND: In contrast to traditional progestagen-only pills (POPs), the desogestrel-only pill Cerazette consistently inhibits ovulation. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that desogestrel alone will keep inhibiting ovulation even when pills are taken 12 h late, indicating that delays in tablet intake of up to 12 h do not jeopardize contraceptive efficacy. METHODS: Women aged between 19 and 40 years with confirmed ovulation were admitted to this open-label pharmacodynamic study. They were treated with Cerazette for 56 days with three tablets to be taken 12 h late, having been randomized to a regimen with scheduled late tablets on Days 39, 42 and 49 (Group A) or on Days 11, 14 and 21 (Group B). The occurrence of ovulation during treatment was determined by measuring progesterone serum levels every 2 days. RESULTS: One of the 103 treated subjects ovulated during treatment. The ovulation incidence thus amounts to 1.0% (two-sided 95% confidence interval 0.02-5.29%). There was no apparent relationship between these ovulations and scheduled late tablets. The minimum time to first posttreatment ovulation was 7 days, whereas it took 17.2 days on average from last tablet intake until ovulation. CONCLUSIONS: Ovulation inhibition with Cerazette is maintained after 12-h delays in tablet intake and return of ovulation takes at least 7 days. These properties distinguish Cerazette from all other POPs.     

Different oral contraceptives and voice quality--an observational study

The classical literature on endocrine effect on voice considers oral contraceptives (OCs) as a risk factor for voice. However, recent studies revealed no adverse effect of new-generation OCs on voice. It was also suggested that OCs could improve specific voice characteristics via different mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of OCs on voices of women who use different formulations containing drospirenone (n=10), desogestrel (n=9) and gestodene (n=10). Acoustic voice measures of the 29 women were evaluated twice during the menstrual cycle. Fundamental frequency, frequency as well as amplitude stability and noise characteristics were measured using a computerized voice analysis program. Results indicated that vocal stability and quality were similar in the three groups tested. Marginal differences were observed between the drospirenone group and the other two groups. This preliminary observational study indicates that although drospirenone was previously shown to reduce water retention, this effect was not found to directly influence voice characteristics of women who use OCs.     

Serum resistin levels in women taking combined oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene

Resistin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that could be involved in the development of insulin resistance. Previous studies confirmed that endogenous sex steroids may influence serum resistin concentration in women. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of combined oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene on circulating levels of resistin. Fifty-three women were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients received 20 μg ethinylestradiol/150 μg desogestrel, 15 women were treated with 20 μg ethinylestradiol/75 μg gestodene, 11 with 30 μg ethinylestradiol/150 μg desogestrel and 14 with 30 μg ethinylestradiol/75 μg gestodene. Blood samples for estimation of serum resistin and insulin levels were drawn before administration of oral contraceptive and after 6 cycles of therapy. We found that serum resistin level remained unchanged in women receiving ethinylestradiol/desogestrel and was reduced in women treated with formulations containing gestodene. We conclude that ethinylestradiol combined with desogestrel or gestodene is unlikely to induce insulin resistance through resistin pathway.     

The effects of seven monophasic oral contraceptive regimens on hemostatic variables: conclusions from a large randomized multicenter study

We investigated the effects of ethinylestradiol dose (50, 30 and 20 μg) and progestogen type [desogestrel (DSG), gestodene (GSD), levonorgestrel (LNG) and norgestimate (NGM)] in oral contraceptives on 24 hemostatic variables. In a multicenter, randomized, comparative study, 707 healthy, nonsmoking, nulliparous women were treated for six cycles with one of the seven monophasic oral contraceptives tested. Significantly greater increases in prothrombin fragment 1+2 and factor VII (activity and antigen), were found in the DSG, NGM and GSD groups compared to the LNG group. Similarly, significantly lower levels of protein S (free and total) and increased APC-sr (endogenous thrombin potential based) were found in the same groups compared with the LNG group. In addition, the estradiol dose (50 vs. 30 μg) significantly influenced these parameters. All changes were within the normal range and have not been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic event (VTE). However, raised levels of these variables are associated with prothrombotic states such as pregnancy. The significance of the haemostatic changes found in this study in relation to VTE risk remains to be determined, but results of this study probably cannot explain the differences in risk of VTE between OCs containing different progestogens.     

Third-generation progestogen type influences hemostatic changes caused by oral contraceptives in Brazilian women

We compared the effects of two third-generation progestogens, desogestrel (DSG) and gestodene (GSD), on coagulation and fibrinolysis in Brazilian users of oral contraceptives (OCs). Forty-six women were evaluated before treatment and after six cycles of treatment. The coagulation, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic systems were investigated. During the use of the DSG-containing OC, the activity of factors VII, VIII, IX, X, and XII increased significantly whereas the GSD-containing OC caused no changes in coagulation parameters. Concerning the anticoagulant pathways, the DSG-containing OC increased protein C levels and decreased total protein S levels, and the GSD-containing OC only decreased total protein S. Both OCs increased plasminogen activity, although the DSG-containing OC increased fibrin degradation products levels and decreased the tissue plasminogen activator antigen. In conclusion, we have found that in Brazilian women the effects of DSG and GSD on hemostatic parameters are different and, therefore, third-generation progestogens may not contribute equally to the thrombotic risk.     

A double-blind study comparing the contraceptive efficacy,acceptability and safety of two progestogen-only pills containing desogestrel 75 μg/day or levonorgestrel 30 μg/day: Collaborative Study Group on the Desogestrel-containing Progestogen-only Pill

Objective To compare the contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern, acceptability and safety of desogestrel 75 μg/day (Cerazette®) as a progestogen-only formulation to levonorgestrel 30 μg/day in healthy female subjects.

Methods In a double-blind, randomized, group-comparative, multicenter trial, 989 subjects were randomized to desogestrel 75 μg/day and 331 to levonorgestrel 30 μg/day. The women were observed during 13 consecutive treatment periods of 28 days.

Results The Pearl indices for in-treatment pregnancies, excluding gross non-compliance, were 0.14 (one pregnancy in 727 woman-years) in the desogestrel group and 1.17 (three pregnancies in 257 woman-years) in the levonorgestrel group. Using the 90-day reference period for assessing the bleeding pattern, desogestrel users had a higher incidence of amenorrhea and infrequent bleeding on the one hand, and of frequent bleeding and prolonged bleeding on the other hand, at the beginning of the study period. In contrast to the levonorgestrel group, a tendency towards less bleeding over time was observed in the desogestrel group. The frequency and pattern of adverse experiences were comparable for desogestrel 75 μg/day and levonorgestrel 30 μg/day.

Conclusions Desogestrel 75 μg/day is a reliable and safe progestogen-only pill with a contraceptive efficacy superior to levonorgestrel 30 μg/day. There was a similar overall acceptability of desogestrel 75 μg/day and levonorgestrel 30 μg/day.