我国居家老人对社区三类健康服务需求的影响因素分析

目的 综合分析我国居家老人对社区保健知识、精神蔚籍和上门看病送药三类健康服务需求的影响因素。方法 利用CLHLS2017—2018调查数据,运用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析,采用二元logistic回归分析方法,探寻我国居家老人对社区三类健康服务需求的影响因素。结果 我国居家老人社区三类健康服务（保健知识:χ2 = 935.263,P＜0.001;精神蔚籍:χ2 = 406.578,P＜0.001;上门看病送药:χ2 = 325.448,P＜0.001）的需求与供给差异显著;除居住地、退休前职业、地区和抑郁程度是影响居家老人对三类健康服务需求的共同因素之外,两周患病（否:OR = 1.282,95%CI:1.072～1.534,P = 0.007）、每年体检（是:OR = 1.19,95%CI:1.021～1.387,P = 0.026）以及高血压诊断（否:OR = 1.224,95%CI:1.045～1.433,P = 0.012）等也影响居家老人对保健知识的需求,居住方式（独居:OR = 1.321,95%CI:1.094～1.594,P = 0.004）也影响居家老人对精神蔚籍的需求,年龄（70～79岁:OR = 0.792,95%CI:0.649～0.966,P = 0.022）和每年体检（是:OR = 0.821,95%CI:0.716～0.941,P = 0.005）也影响居家老人对上门看病送药的需求。结论 建议社区卫生机构全方位开展对健康居家老人的保健知识宣传;重视对独居和抑郁居家老人的心理健康服务;权衡自身资源和居家老人的实际情况,逐步推进上门看病送药服务。     

广东省惠州市未婚流动人口生育健康现状与需求

目的了解广东省惠州市未婚流动人口生育健康现状与需求。方法采用问卷调查,专题小组访谈、个人深入访谈和知情人访谈相结合的方法,收集相关的资料信息。结果共收回1333份有效问卷,年龄15~34岁,月平均收入100~2750元,每月食宿开支20~2000元,文化程度小学及以下占3.5%(37/1333),初中占52.0%(693/1333);高中、中专、职校占41.7%(556/1333),大专及以上占2.8%(37/1333),住宿形式多种多样,61.7%(822/1333)住单位集体宿舍,自己购房者仅占1.6%(21/1333),19.2%(256/1333)的人与父母交流生育健康问题,69.1%(921/1333)的人在现单位从未接受过生育健康教育,近一个月内有避孕套保护的性生活的比例只占8.4%(112/1333);出现生育健康问题时去医院治疗的比例只占17.9%(238/1333)。结论未婚流动人口的年龄结构年轻,文化程度偏低,居住不稳定,没有保护性的性行为较为多见,生育健康教育和医疗服务供给相对薄弱,需要提高生育健康教育服务和改善他们的生育健康状况。     

医药信息服务工具在临床医药人员中的应用状况分析

基于临床医药人员关注的专业信息的内容、目的和渠道等特点,介绍医药信息服务工具在我国的应用现状,分析临床医药人员对于信息服务工具的期望和需求.     

广州市某区居民对社区卫生服务的需求利用和满意度分析

目的　了解广州市居民对社区卫生服务机构的利用情况、公共卫生基本项目的知晓情况和满意度情况,为改善广州市社区卫生服务质量提供方向和参考依据。方法　2020年12月,采取多阶段随机抽样的方法在广州市某区抽取1 050名居民进行问卷调查。单因素分析采用Pearson卡方检验,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归。结果　共发放问卷1 092份,收到有效问卷1 050份,有效率96.2%。受访居民过去一年在社区卫生服务中心看病或接受其他卫生服务的次数为（4.60±4.10）次;对公共卫生基本服务项目总知晓率为91.6%（962/1 050）,总知晓免费率为89.5%（940/1 050）;居民的社区卫生服务机构总体满意度得分为（4.61±0.75）分,其中得分最高为基本医疗服务情况,最低为机构设施、制度及基本情况。单因素分析发现,医保类型、就诊首选的医疗机构、步行到社区中心的时间和就诊服务时间等10个因素是居民总体满意度的影响因素;多因素分析发现机构设施、制度及基本情况,基本医疗服务情况,医疗费用情况,首诊医院4个因素为居民总体满意度的影响因素（OR值分别为21.294、109.013、18.203和20.989）。结论　广州市某区居民对社区卫生服务的利用情况较好,公共卫生服务项目的知晓率较高,但居民的社区卫生服务满意度仍有待提高,尤其是设施设备和医护人员服务效率等方面。     

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in polio eradication in northern Nigeria

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy constitutes a major threat to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), and to further expansion of routine immunisation. Understanding hesitancy, leading in some cases to refusal, is vital to the success of GPEI. Re-emergence of circulating wild poliovirus in northern Nigeria in mid-2016, after 24 months polio-free, gives urgency to this. But it is equally important to protect and sustain the global gains available through routine immunisation in a time of rising scepticism and potential rejection of specific vaccines or immunisation more generally.Methods and findingsThis study is based on a purposive sampling survey of 1653 households in high- and low-performing rural, semiurban and urban areas of three high-risk states of northern Nigeria in 2013–14 (Sokoto, Kano and Bauchi). The survey sought to understand factors at household and community level associated with propensity to refuse polio vaccine.Wealth, female education and knowledge of vaccines were associated with lower propensity to refuse oral polio vaccine (OPV) among rural households. But higher risk of refusal among wealthier, more literate urban household rendered these findings ambiguous. Ethnic and religious identity did not appear to be associated with risk of OPV refusal.Risk of vaccine refusal was highly clustered among households within a small sub-group of sampled settlements. Contrary to expectations, households in these settlements reported higher levels of expectation of government as service provider, but at the same time lesser confidence in the efficacy of their relations with government.ConclusionsResults suggest that strategies to address the micro-political dimension of vaccination – expanding community-level engagement, strengthening the role of local government in public health, and enhancing public participation of women – should be effective in reducing non-compliance, as an important set of strategies complementary to conventional didactic/educational approaches and working through religious and traditional ‘influencers’.     

Reducing the probability of falsely elevated HbA1c results in diabetic patients by applying automated and educative HbA1c re-testing intervals

IntroductionToo frequent HbA1c measurements may lead to unnecessary treatment modifications of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of falsely elevated HbA1c results in two hospitals, Landeskrankenhaus/Uniklinikum Salzburg (LKH) and Landesklinik St. Veit (STV), as well as to retrospectively investigate the effect of an automated and an educative 60-day re-testing interval (RTI).MethodsThe amount of estimated falsely elevated results (eFER), based on odds calculated using the baseline and the follow-up values and the time between these measurements, the number of HbA1c re-testings within 60 days as well as the overall number of ordered and performed HbA1c analyses were calculated. In LKH, an automated algorithm cancelling inappropriate HbA1c testing was applied, and in STV, educational actions were taken.ResultsBefore RTI-implementation, eFER were 0.9% and 2.1% and within-60-days-re-testing were 15.0% and 7.4% of cases in LKH and STV, respectively. After RTI-implementation, these numbers decreased to 0.2% (p < .001) and 1.8% (p = .869) and within-60-days-re-testing decreased to 1.1% (p < .001) and 3.6% (p = .003) in LKH and STV, respectively. Median monthly HbA1c measurements decreased by 15.8% (p < .001) and 21.1% (p = .002) in LKH and STV, respectively.ConclusionBoth the educational and the automated 60-day-RTI were proven to be efficient in reducing overall HbA1c measurements, re-testing within 60 days and eFER.     

Randomized Trial of Interferon-Alpha plus Ursodeoxycholic Acid versus Interferon plus Placebo in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Resistant to Interferon

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could potentiate the effect of interferon (IFN) in patients with chronic hepatitis C resistant to IFN. We compared the efficacy of IFN with that of a combination of IFN and UDCA. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive UDCA (13-15 mg/kg/day) (n = 47) or placebo (n = 44) plus interferon (3 MU three times weekly) for 6 months and were then followed up for 6 additional months. Results: At entry 30% of patients had cirrhosis, and 70% had HCV genotype 1. Five and four patients withdrew from the combination and the monotherapy groups, respectively. At 6 months alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the combination group than in the monotherapy group; the differences were no longer significant at 1 year. At 6 months ALAT activities normalized in 10 and 8 patients in the combination and the monotherapy groups, respectively (P = 0.67). In 10 of them (5 in each group) HCV RNA levels became undetectable. At 1 year four versus one patient had a sustained normalization of ALAT, and in one patient the HCV RNA became negative. There was no difference in the histologic progression. In this setting, in contrast to chronic cholestasis, UDCA administration induced an increase in total serum bile acids and did not change primary bile acids. Conclusions: An IFN plus UDCA combination is more effective than IFN alone in terms of ALAT but not in terms of the virologic response. These results favor the hypothesis that UDCA has an effect on the biochemical indices of cellular injury independent of a change in primary bile acids.     

医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业论文撰写的教学模式

介绍了现阶段卫生信息化建设的人才需求、医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业的就业形势和毕业论文撰写教学的重要性,重点分析了毕业论文撰写教学存在的问题,并以蚌埠医学院为例,有针对性地提出了具体改进措施,构建了基于成长性评价思想的新型毕业论文撰写教学模式。     

Commentary: PDA – public display of affection or pathological demand avoidance? – reflections on O'Nions et al. (2014)

A group of children presents with a rather peculiar type of oppositional behaviours, sometimes now subsumed under the label of ‘pathological demand avoidance’ syndrome, also increasingly referred to as PDA. Boys and girls with ‘this kind of PDA’ will do anything to avoid meeting demands of adults and children alike. The behaviours ‘used’ in maintaining avoidance range from openly oppositional or manipulative to ‘extreme shyness’, passivity and muteness. These behaviours in terms of expression of affection are rather the opposite of those associated with the commonly used meaning of PDA. However, the avoidant behaviour is quite often ‘publicly displayed’ and with no feeling for the inappropriateness of the, sometimes even, exhibitionist style of extreme demand avoidance (EDA). The ‘disorder’ was first heard of in 1980, when Elisabeth Newson presented the first 12 cases of what she believed to be a ‘new’ and separate syndrome and that she referred to as PDA. Even though PDA has attracted quite a bit of clinical attention in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe (including Scandinavia), virtually no research has been published in the field so far (Newson, Le Maréchal, & David, 2003 ). Experienced clinicians throughout child psychiatry, child neurology and paediatrics testify to its existence and the very major problems encountered when it comes to intervention and treatment. It is therefore a major step forward that O′Nions and co‐workers (this issue) have developed a new ‘trait measure’ for PDA (‘the EDA‐Q’), a measure that appears to hold considerable promise for research, and eventually for clinical practice.     

北京市东城区基层全科医生对糖尿病中医指南的利用和需求调查

背景　中医药具有“简、便、效、廉”的特点,在糖尿病防治领域被广泛研究应用,尤其在糖尿病前期及并发症治疗方面优势明显。目的　了解北京市东城区基层全科医生对《糖尿病中医药临床循证实践指南》（《指南》）的应用和需求情况。方法　于2018年7-8月,采用整群抽样法选取北京市东城区7个社区卫生服务中心和34个社区卫生服务站的全体基层卫生人员共304例为研究对象,其中中医138例,西医166例。自行设计《指南》应用及需求状况调查问卷,内容涉及医师对患者进行中医健康教育情况、中成药使用情况、对本指南的知晓情况及培训需求状况。结果　中医全科医生年龄、文化程度、工作年限、职称低于西医全科医生,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。138例中医全科医生中,133例（96.4%）对患者进行中医健康教育,127例（92.0%）使用中成药进行社区糖尿病防治;166例西医全科医生中,134例（80.7%）对患者进行中医健康教育,112例（67.5%）使用中成药进行社区糖尿病防治,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.274,P<0.001;χ2=27.038,P<0.001）。138例中医全科医生中,25例（18.1%）没听说过《指南》,94例（68.1%）听说过但未学习,19例（13.8%）了解并认真学习过;166例西医全科医生中,33例（19.9%）没听说过,108例（65.1%）听说过但未学习,25例（15.0%）了解并认真学习过,两者比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.316,P=0.854）。中医全科医生中,男性《指南》学习率高于女性（P<0.05）;随年龄增长、学历降低、职称升高、工作年限增长,《指南》学习率增高（P<0.05）。138例中医全科医生中,126例（91.3%）有《指南》培训需求;166例西医全科医生中,144例（86.7%）有《指南》培训需求,两者比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.576,P=0.209）。138例中医全科医生中,50例（36.2%）希望采用面对面培训《指南》,63例（45.7%）希望采用视频培训,25例（18.1%）认为两者兼可;166例西医全科医生中,59例（35.5%）希望采用面对面培训,69例（41.6%）希望采用视频培训,38例（22.9%）认为两者兼可,两者比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.129,P=0.569）。结论　北京市东城区基层全科医生《指南》知晓率、学习率较低,应加强《指南》社区推广,尤其在年龄低、职称低、工作年限短的中医全科医生群体中推广。