体外转染Cyclin A2基因对原代大鼠心肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨体外转染细胞周期素A2(Cyclin A2)基因对原代大鼠心肌细胞增殖的影响,为心脏再生提供细胞学依据。方法 SD乳鼠12只,分离、培养、鉴定原代乳鼠心肌细胞并分为3组,实验组:转染带有强化绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和Cyclin A2基因的重组腺病毒(Ad-Cyclin A2-GFP);空病毒组:转染不含目的基因带有GFP的重组腺病毒(Ad-Null-GFP);阴性对照组:未做转染处理,仅加入等量的培养基。利用GFP示踪技术,评估原代心肌细胞转染效率;转染后的细胞继续体外培养3~5d,利用免疫荧光技术分别检测Cyclin A2、磷酸化组蛋白H3(H3P)、心肌肌钙蛋白-T(c Tn T)。结果 1.荧光GFP示踪表明原代心肌细胞的转染效率高达(97±0.74)%;2.免疫荧光标记显示,空病毒组和对照组结果相似;心肌细胞特异性标记蛋白c Tn T分布于细胞质,原代心肌细胞纯度高达(95±0.62)%;心肌细胞Cyclin A2主要在胞核内聚集,少数分布于细胞质。H3P为核蛋白在细胞核内分布。3.转染Cyclin A2后,实验组H3P阳性率明显高于空病毒组和对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组可见大量多核细胞,以双核为主,伴少量3核细胞。结论腺病毒作为转染载体对原代心肌细胞有很好的侵染效率;Cyclin A2超表达促进原代心肌细胞形成双核。     

miR-451a suppresses the development of breast cancer via targeted inhibition of CCND2

Extensive research has indicated that miRNAs are crucial for the occurrence and progression of cancers. miR-451a, involved in breast cancer (BC), is one of the miRNAs. This study focused on the mechanism by which miR-451a regulates BC. The levels of miR-451a in BC tissues and cell lines were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that this was intimately related to the patient's overall survival rate. Functional experiments revealed the negative effects of miR-451a on the abilities of BC cells to multiply (tested by Cell Counting Kit-8), migrate (tested by wound healing assay), and invade (tested by Transwell assay) and its positive effects on apoptosis (tested by flow cytometry). Western blotting indicated that the expression of tumor-related proteins was affected by miR-451a. Moreover, in vivo experiments suggested that tumor growth was clearly restrained by an miR-451a agonist in a xenograft tumor model. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that miR-451a directly targeted Cyclin D2 (CCND2), as demonstrated by the luciferase reporter assay. An opposite change in the level of CCND2 and miR-451a in BC was indicated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, functional experiments and western blotting analysis confirmed that CCND2 accelerated BC progression, which was regulated by miR-451a. Cumulatively, research on miR-451a may be valuable for BC treatment.     

胶质细胞瘤复发前后Cyclin D1和P16的表达

目的　探讨CyclinD1,P16在胶质瘤复发前后表达改变及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学LsABC法对 4 5例复发胶质瘤瘤组织、瘤旁脑组织和 10例正常脑组织CyclinD1,P16蛋白表达进行检测 ,统计分析CyclinD1,P16表达水平与胶质瘤分级、肿瘤复发的关系。结果　正常脑组织 ,瘤旁脑组织和胶质瘤组织CyclinD1表达依次升高 ,而P16的表达依次下降 ;肿瘤复发CyclinD1表达增强 ,P16的表达减弱。结论　CyclinD1与P16的表达与胶质瘤恶性进程和复发密切相关。     

局灶性脑缺血对细胞周期蛋白D1/CDK4基因表达的影响

目的观察脑缺血后细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）D1和它的酶CDK4基因表达，以及这种表达的改变是否影响神经细胞凋亡。方法成年雄性SD大鼠32只随机分为假手术组（n=4）和实验组（n=28），实验组再进一步分为7个亚组（再灌注2h，6h，12h，1d，3d，7d和14d，每组n=4）。应用线栓法建立SD大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞／再灌注模型．TUNEL法检测神经细胞凋亡。原位杂交检测cyclinD1和CDK4mRNA的表达。结果CyclinD1mRNA和CDK4mRNA的表达与凋亡细胞的区域基本相同。再灌注2h脑组织即开始出现神经细胞凋亡，并于1d分别在皮层区和纹状体区达高峰（分别为72．80±4．66和87．75±0．85）。神经细胞cyclinD1mRNA和CDK4mRNA的表达分别于再灌注2h和6h开始逐渐增强，并于12h和1d达高峰（皮质区分别为94．50±2．75和85．75±3．73，纹状体区分别为88．25±5．06和89．80±2．93）。结论CyclinD1和CDK4选择性地在形态学完整或已经有改变的缺血侧神经元和少突胶质细胞内表达。CyclinD1／CD1（4mRNA表达可能是诱导细胞凋亡的重要因素之一。     

Beta-amyloid activated microglia induce cell cycling and cell death in cultured cortical neurons

Immunocytochemical studies of postmortem human tissue have shown that the neurons at risk for degeneration in Alzheimer’s are marked by the ectopic expression of several cell cycle components. The current work investigates the roles that β-amyloid activated microglia might play in leading neurons to re-express cell cycle components. Stable cultures of E16.5 mouse cortical neurons were exposed to β-amyloid alone, microglial cells alone, or microglial cells activated by β-amyloid. Increased cell death was found in response to each of these treatments, however, only the amyloid activated microglial treatment increased the number of neurons that were positive for cell cycle markers such as PCNA or cyclin D and incorporation of BrdU. Double labeling with BrdU and TUNEL techniques verified that the ‘dividing’ neurons were dying, most likely through an apoptotic mechanism. The identity of the soluble factor(s) elaborated by the microglia remains unknown, but FGF2, a suspected neuronal mitogen, was ruled out. These results further support a model in which microglial activation by β-amyloid is a key event in the progression in Alzheimer’s disease.     

Glomerular expression of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins in human crescentic glomerulonephritis

To elucidate the mechanism underlying crescentic formation, we assessed the phenotypic characterization and cell-cycle protein expression in human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CRGN). Kidney tissue specimens taken from CRGN patients (10 patients with pauci-immune type rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 2 patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, and 1 patient with IgA nephropathy) were examined immunohistochemically. Most of the cellular components of the crescents expressed cytokeratin, whereas few cells expressed PHM-5. CD68-positive cells were minor components of cellular crescents, indicating that the major principal cellular component of the crescents is made up of cells with the parietal glomerular epithelial cell (PEC) phenotype. Additionally, serial section analysis revealed that Ki-67-positive cells in the crescents were frequently cyclin-A positive and Bcl-2 positive, but seldom cyclin-B₁ positive. Moreover, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27^Kip1 was low in the cellular crescents, despite being exclusively positive in podocytes within the same section. We concluded that the major component of the cellular crescents is made up of PECs and that apparent expression of cyclins and Bcl-2 and restrained expression of p27^Kip1 may be synergistically associated with the development of cellular crescents in human CRGN.     

转化生长因子α,β1对大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型细胞生长的影响

目的 探讨转化生长因子α和β１对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞增生的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用原代培养的成年大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型细胞,加入ＴＧＦα、ＴＧＦβ１作用４８小时,测定肺泡Ⅱ型细＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量和细胞数量,并用斑点杂交、原位杂交和免疫组化方法检测细胞内细胞周期蛋白Ｄ１、细胞周期依赖性激酶４ ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白的表达。结果 随ＴＧＦα浓度递增,肺泡Ⅱ型细胞＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量和细胞数量均逐渐增加,呈量效正相关;ＴＧ     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对卵巢癌CAOV3细胞cyclin D1及GADDl53表达的影响

目的:研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对人卵巢癌CAOV3细胞细胞周期调节蛋白cyclinD1及GADD153表达的影响,探讨bFGF促进人卵巢癌CAOV3细胞增殖、抑制凋亡的信号机制。方法:利用无血清饥饿诱导卵巢癌CAOV3细胞凋亡。分为对照组、bFGF组。分别应用MTT、流式细胞术、琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察25、50、75μg/L bFGF对CAOV3细胞增殖率、细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响。利用Western blotting检测bFGF对CA-OV3细胞cyclin D1、GADD153以及转录因子(c-Fos、c-Jun)表达的影响。结果:与对照组相比,bFGF呈剂量依赖性加速CAOV3细胞细胞周期进程,促进细胞增殖,抑制饥饿诱导的凋亡(P<0.01);呈时间依赖性促进cyclinD1、c-Fos、c-Jun,抑制GADD153蛋白表达(P<0.01)。结论:bFGF可能通过上调cyclin D1、c-Fos、c-Jun,下调GADD153表达促进细胞增殖,抑制饥饿诱导的卵巢癌CAOV3细胞凋亡。     

Expression of cyclin D1, retinoblastoma gene protein, and p16 MTS1 protein in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung

 To clarify the events leading to the disruption of cell growth control that occurs during the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC), we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of G1 cycle regulators, cyclin D1, Rb protein (pRb), and p16 MTS1 protein and the tumour proliferation marker, Ki 67, both in AC of the lung and in its precursor lesion, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). The frequency of lesions with cyclin D1 overexpression was relatively high in AAH (47–89%), but was decreased in early AC (28%) and overt AC (35%). The loss of pRb expression was rare in both AAH (0–18%) and early AC (0%), and was infrequent even in overt AC (13%). The loss of p16 expression was also relatively infrequent in both the premalignant and the malignant lesions (11–25%). Our results suggest that overexpression of cyclin D1 is an early event and plays an important part in tumorigenesis in the case of lung AC. However, cyclin D1 overexpression is not required for the development and maintenance of a malignant phenotype. It is likely that some cyclin D1-independent pathways other than Rb and p16 abnormalities have an important role in the malignant transformation from AAH to early AC. Received: 8 July 1997 / 26 September 1997     

Isolation of a Toxoplasma gondii cyclin by yeast two-hybrid interactive screen

GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid cDNA libraries from Toxoplasma gondii RH strain were constructed and screened for interactors of a putative T. gondii cdc2-related kinase, TgCRK2. A screen of 3.2 million transformants yielded a single yeast clone that harbored a protein fusion capable of specifically interacting with TgCRK2. Sequencing revealed the cDNA insert (TgCYC1) had homology to the cyclin class of proteins. The TgCYC1 cDNA fragment was used to probe a conventional T. gondii cDNA library and a 2.65 kb cDNA coding for a predicted protein of 582 amino acids was obtained. Based on comparison with a 5'-RACE product from tachyzoite mRNA, the 2.65 kb cDNA for TgCYC1 appeared to be complete. TgCYC1 had the highest similarity to Plasmodium falciparum CYC1 and displayed sequence characteristics that place it in the cyclin H class of eukaryotic cyclins. In synchronous tachyzoite populations the level of TgCYC1 mRNA was unchanged indicating it is not cell cycle regulated at the mRNA level. TgCYC1 rescues the G(1)/S cyclin cell cycle defect in S. cerevisiae strain DL1 demonstrating that this apicomplexan cyclin can function in an established heterologous model system.