三种调味品对小鼠内脏器官的影响

目的探讨过量八角、花椒及桂皮对小鼠内脏器官的影响。方法分别使用不同浓度三种调味品的提取液灌胃 ,采用病理学检验技术 ,观察小鼠肝脏、肾脏等器官的病理学变化 ,并计算出肝、肾、脾的脏体系数。结果调味品各组小鼠的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏重量都有所增加 ,脏体系数有不同程度升高 ,与正常组比较 ,差异具显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。肝脏、肾脏可见明显形态学改变 ,肝脏的损伤主要表现在肝细胞胞浆疏松化和气球样变 ,甚至出现双核、巨核和分裂相。肾脏损伤主要表现为肾小管上皮细胞水肿 ,肾小球毛细血管充血、出血。脾脏未见明显改变。结论三种调味品过量使用时 ,对小鼠肝脏、肾脏和脾脏有不同程度的损伤 ,但病变的程度与调味品的剂量关系不大 ,而与其种类关系较密切。八角的毒性反应最为明显 ,桂皮次之 ,花椒的影响较小     

决明子降血脂有效部位及其量效关系的实验研究

目的研究决明子降血脂的有效部位及其量效关系。方法选用CO超临界、系统溶媒(石油2醚、乙酸乙酯、70%乙醇、水)和水提醇沉的方法分别对决明子进行提取,观察各提取物对腹腔注射蛋黄乳液致高血脂症模型小鼠血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯的影响,初步明确决明子降血脂的有效活性部位,并对该有效部位进行量效关系的评定。结果决明子乙酸乙酯提取物和水提取物均有显著的降低血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯的作用,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的降脂效果优于水提取物,其在0.75～1.00g·kg-1·d-1时降脂效果最佳;决明子70%乙醇提取物和水提醇沉物虽也有一定的降血脂作用,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论决明子乙酸乙酯提取物为决明子降血脂的有效活性部位,其有效剂量范围在0.50～1.25g·kg-1·d-1之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析不同树龄肉桂挥发油成分

目的:用气相色谱-质谱法对不同树龄肉桂挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从肉桂中提取挥发油。毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其百分含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件:SE-30弹性石英毛细管柱(15 m×0.2 n.mm×0.33 mm),柱温:70℃(1 min)8℃·min~(-1)→250℃(5 min);分流进样,分流比30:1;进样温度250℃。质谱条件:电离方式EI,电子能量70 eV,接口温度280℃,离子源温度230℃,四级杆温度100℃,质量扫描范围29-450AMU,溶剂延迟2.0 min。结果:对比各药材的总离子流图,进行了组分差异分析。不同树龄肉桂的总离子流图有较大共同点,但亦存在不同之处,各组分的相对百分含量不尽相同。共鉴定出49个成分,占挥发油总组分的95%以上。结论:本方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Oils of Eight Cinnamomum. species Against Aedes aegypti. and Aedes albopictus.

Abstract

The leaf oils of eight Cinnamomum. species (C. rhyncophyllum. Miq., C. microphyllum. Ridl., C. pubescens. Kochummen, C. mollissimum. Hook. f., C. impressicostatum. Kosterm, C. scortechinii. Gamb., C. sintoc. Bl., and C. cordatum. Kosterm) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal activities against Aedes aegypti. (Aedes aegypti Lynn) and Aedes albopictus. (Aedes albopictus Skuse). Acute mortalities of the fourth instar larvae and the adult mosquitoes were determined according to the standard WHO methods. Among the essential oils studied, the leaf oils of C. rhyncophyllum., C. microphyllum., C. pubescens., C. mollissimum., and C. impressicostatum. showed significant effects against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. and Ae. albopictus. with concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values of less than 12.8 and 11.8 µg ml^?1, respectively. The essential oils that showed strong larvicidal effects also demonstrated relatively strong adulticidal effects on the mosquitoes after 3 h exposure with LC₅₀ values ranging from 133.0 to 243.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. aegypti. and from 118.0 to 194.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. albopictus.. The efficacy of the oils toward the larvae and adult mosquitoes of both species was nonselective as the LC₅₀ values showed little variation. The chemical composition of the oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study suggested that the essential oils containing high levels of benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate exhibited strong insecticidal activities against the larvae and adult mosquitoes.     

基于网络药理学的大果木姜子油治疗心力衰竭作用机制研究

目的:揭示大果木姜子油治疗心力衰竭的作用机制。方法:首先从动物药理学实验验证疗效,采用异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导复制心力衰竭大鼠模型,造模成功后应用大果木姜子油治疗4周,监测血流动力学指标,分析血清BNP水平和心肌组织形态学变化;然后基于文献检索和TCMSP数据库获取大果木姜子油活性成分及作用靶点,从CTD和Drugbank数据库筛选心力衰竭的已知治疗靶点,将疾病治疗靶点与大果木姜子油活性成分作用靶点进行Venn分析,运用SYBYL软件进行分子对接验证,运用STRING数据库分析蛋白互作关系,再利用DAVID数据库进行GO分子功能和KEGG通路富集分析。结果:大果木姜子油可显著升高ISO诱导的心衰大鼠LVSP、±dp/dtmax,降低LVEDP和BNP水平,改善心肌组织形态学变化;获得大果木姜子油20个活性成分,其中7个活性成分(沉香螺旋醇、芳樟醇、萜品烯-4-醇等)可能通过调控一个蛋白互作网络治疗心力衰竭,该网络中的靶点有PTGS1、PTGS2、NOS2、NOS3、GSK3B;由蛋白富集分析发现,这些靶点与前列腺素内过氧化物合酶活性和一氧化氮合酶活性有关。结论:大果木姜子油可改善心衰大鼠的血流动力学紊乱及心肌组织形态学变化;其治疗心力衰竭的机制可能与调控前列腺素内过氧化物合酶活性和一氧化氮合酶活性有关。     

Bioactivity of cinnamon with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus: A review

Cinnamon is the oldest spice and has been used by several cultural practices for centuries. In addition to its culinary uses, cinnamon possesses a rising popularity due to many stated health benefits. Out of the large number of cinnamon species available, Cinnamomum aromaticum (Cassia) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum have been subjected to extensive research. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that cinnamon may have multiple health benefits, mainly in relation to hypoglycaemic activity. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of cinnamon is stated also to be brought about by its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-tumour, blood pressure-lowering, cholesterol and lipid-lowering and gastro-protective properties. This article provides a summary of the scientific literature available on both C. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum. All studies reported here have used cinnamon bark and its products. Although almost all the animal models have indicated a pronounced anti-diabetic activity of both cinnamon species, conflicting results were observed with regard to the few clinical trials available. Therefore, the necessity of evaluating the effects of cinnamon for its therapeutic potential through well-defined and adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trials is emphasized, before recommendations are made for the use of cinnamon as an effective treatment for humans.     

基于药物体系的肉桂特征图谱质量表征关联分析研究

目的建立基于药物体系的肉桂特征图谱质量表征关联分析方法,全面评价肉桂饮片质量。方法采用HPLC-PDA法建立肉桂饮片特征图谱,筛选7个特征峰并通过相对保留时间表征其质的关联性;同时测定6个主要有效指标性成分(原儿茶酸、表儿茶素、香豆素、肉桂醇、肉桂酸、肉桂醛)的含量并表征主要酚类成分和主要苯丙素类成分的含量,通过关联度等概念表征其量的关联性。结果以批号13为基准,基于质的表征模式及关联分析,肉桂饮片特征图谱中筛选的7个特征峰中有酚类成分2个、苯丙素类成分5个,15批肉桂饮片色谱图中均含有此7个特征峰。基于量的表征模式及关联分析,批号14有效指标性成分总体含量高于基准批号13,批号4、6、8、10含量与基准批号13关联性较高,综合评价得出批号14、13、4、6、8、10优良度居前。结论在定性的基础上进行定量表征,可全面评价肉桂饮片质量优次,为肉桂饮片资源筛选、药物原料质量控制及应用提供依据,同时为中药质量评价提供新的方法。     

Antibacterial effects of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh

Context: The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infections. The antibacterial properties of medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in Bangladesh have not been investigated.

Objective: The present study examines the antibacterial properties of 18 medicinal plants used by the Khyang tribe in day-to-day practice against human pathogenic bacteria.

Materials and methods: Leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, roots and rhizomes from collected plants were successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The corresponding 54 extracts were tested against six human pathogenic bacteria by broth microdilution assay. The antibacterial mode of actions of phytoconstituents and their synergistic effect with vancomycin and cefotaxime towards MRSA was determined by time-killing assay and synergistic interaction assay, respectively.

Results and discussion: Hexane extract of bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. (Lauraceae) inhibited the growth of MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii with MIC values below 100 µg/mL. From this plant, cinnamaldehyde evoked at 4?×?MIC in 1?h an irreversible decrease of MRSA count Log10 (CFU/mL) from 6 to 0, and was synergistic with vancomycin for MRSA with fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.3.

Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the medicinal plants in Bangladesh have high potential to improve the current treatment strategies for bacterial infection.     

止痛顺气胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别简

目的建立止痛顺气胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对处方中的黄柏、陈皮、肉桂进行定性鉴别。结果薄层色谱法可鉴别出处方中的黄柏、陈皮、肉桂。结论该方法专属性强、重现性好,可用于止痛顺气胶囊的质量控制。     

肉桂子药材的薄层鉴别方法研究

目的建立肉桂子药材的薄层鉴别系统。方法以桂皮醛和β-谷甾醇为对照品,对维药肉桂子进行薄层鉴别,并考察不同展开系统、不同点样量、不同薄层板、不同检视方式、不同温度和不同湿度对肉桂子药材薄层色谱的影响。结果以桂皮醛和β-谷甾醇为对照品,正己烷–乙酸乙酯(6∶1)为展开系统,肉桂子药材薄层鉴别特征明显,专属性强。结论该薄层方法可行,重复性好,可作为肉桂子药材的薄层鉴别方法。