针刺穴位后超声监测胆囊收缩功能诊断胆囊炎探讨

目的:超声监测胆囊在针刺穴位后的收缩功能,借此对胆囊炎进行诊断。方法:对临床上已经确诊的51例胆囊炎病例进行超声检查,并测量相关径线,然后运用针刺相关穴位,使胆囊收缩,在针刺后10 min2、0 min、30 min分别进行超声检查,测量相关径线,然后运用胆囊容积计算公式计算出收缩前后胆囊容积,计算胆囊收缩功能。随机抽取与病例组年龄范围相同的25例健康成年人,在针刺穴位胆囊收缩前后进行超声检查,计算胆囊收缩功能,以进行正常对照。将病例组与正常对照组作两样本均数比较的t检验。结果:病例组针刺穴位后的胆囊收缩功能明显低于正常组(t<0.01)。结论:超声监测胆囊在针刺穴位后的收缩功能,可以对胆囊炎进行诊断,并且具有无损伤、痛苦小、病人易接受、可重复等优点,是一种很有发展潜力的中西医结合诊断方法。     

胃切除术后急性胆囊炎的微创治疗

目的：探讨胃切除后急性胆囊炎的微创治疗的方法和效果。方法：回顾性分析28例胃切除术后近期（<4周）并发急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料。全组均明确诊断后先行常规非手术治疗，经24h治疗后症状体征无缓解的病例加行B超引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术(PTGD)。结果：5例经非手术治疗缓解;23例加行PTGH，穿刺置管成功率100%。置管抽吸胆汁后症状体征即明显减轻，3~7d后症状体征完全消失。结论：超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗胃切除术后近期并发急性胆囊炎效果确切，创伤小，患者恢复快，具有明显的优越性。     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Obese and Nonobese Patients

Background: From November 1997 to November 1998, 145 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have been attempted at the District General Hospital of Corfu. Methods: 23 (15.8%) were obese (Group I, BMI >30) and 122 (84.2%) were nonobese patients (Group II, BMI ≤30). One-fifth of these patients suffered from acute cholecystitis. Results: Operative time averaged 95 minutes in Group 1 and 78 minutes in Group II. There were no deaths. There were no significant differences between the obese and nonobese groups in conversion to open procedure (Group1: 0%, Group II: 2.4%), intraoperative and postoperative complications (Group I: 4.3%, Group II: 4.0%), operating time, and length of postoperative hospitalization. Conclusion: LC was a safe and effective treatment for obese patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis.     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆囊炎126例分析

目的总结腹腔镜下行急性胆囊炎切除术的临床经验。方法回顾分析126例急性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料。结果121例成功完成LC，成功率93．03％，5例中转开腹，中转率3．97％，5例均在发病超过72h行LC；其中Calot三角区严重水肿、粘连致密，无法辨清胆管关系3例，胆囊癌1例，胆囊十二指肠瘘1例。126例均痊愈出院，无手术并发症发生。结论合理地选择病人，把握住手术时机并注重手术技巧，急性胆囊炎患者行LC是安全可行的。     

老年人胆囊炎围手术期处理

目的 探讨老年人胆囊炎围手术期处理方法。方法 回顾性分析80例60岁以上胆囊炎患者的外科手术资料。结果 80例中治愈78例，治愈率97．5％；死亡2例，占2．5％；发生术后并发症5例，占6．25％。结论 老年人对胆囊手术一般都能耐受，早期手术治疗，选择合适的手术方式及正确的术后护理是提高治愈率、降低死亡率的关键。     

Acute Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis Associated with Postpartum HELLP Syndrome: A Case and Review

We report a case of preeclampsia associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome and concomitant nonbiliary acute pancreatitis and cholecystitis in the first postpartum day. A thorough investigation ruled out known etiologies of both pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Following conservative treatment, the patient's HELLP syndrome, pancreatitis, and cholecystitis resolved on the third postpartum day. Preeclampsia is associated with microvascular abnormalities that may involve the splanchnic circulation. These abnormalities may cause not only HELLP syndrome but also pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Recognizing that ischemia can damage not only the liver but also the pancreas and gallbladder, could result in improvements in the diagnosis and management of pancreatitis in patients with preeclampsia.     

一例反复肠瘘并发急性非结石性胆囊炎患者的护理

肠瘘(Fistulaofintestine)指肠管之间、肠管与其他脏器或者体外出现病理性通道 ,造成肠内容物流出肠腔 ,引起感染、体液丢失、营养不良和器官功能障碍等一系列病理生理的改变[1 ] .急性"无石性"胆囊炎又名急性非结石性胆囊炎 ,顾名思义 ,其胆囊内并无结石存在 ,发生率约占胆囊炎的5% ~ 10% .     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素.方法 160例行腹腔镜手术的急性胆囊炎患者,按出现症状距手术时间分为四组:24 h以内手术为A组(56例)、24～48 h手术为B组(42例)、49 ～ 72 h手术为C组(40例)、72 h以后手术为D组(22例),比较各组手术时间、中转开腹、住院时间及住院费用等,并分析影响腹腔镜手术中转开腹的相关因素.结果 D组中转开腹率[ 59.09％( 13/22)]明显高于A组[19.64％( 11/56)](P＜0.01).A组手术时间最短,D组手术时间最长.D组住院时间明显长于其他各组(P＜0.05).各组住院费用比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单因素分析结果显示,白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是影响中转开腹的危险因素(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数和手术时机是中转开腹的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术中转开腹与白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿等因素有关,白细胞计数和手术时机是其独立危险因素.腹腔镜手术的最佳时机为发病后72h内,并且白细胞计数＜15×1099/L.     

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in acute cholecystitis. The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells and NKT cells in patients with acute cholecystitis and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and these cell levels. Thirty patients with pathologically proven acute cholecystitis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Disease grades were classified according to the revised Tokyo guidelines (TG13) for the severity assessment for acute cholecystitis. Levels of MAIT and NKT cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers were significantly lower in acute cholecystitis patients than in healthy controls, and these deficiencies in MAIT cells and NKT cell numbers were associated with aging in acute cholecystitis patients. Notably, a reduction in NKT cell numbers was found to be associated with severe TG13 grade, death, and high blood urea nitrogen levels. The study shows numerical deficiencies of circulating MAIT and NKT cells and age-related decline of these invariant T cells. In addition, NKT cell deficiency was associated with acute cholecystitis severity and outcome. These findings provide an information regarding the monitoring of these changes in circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers during the course of acute cholecystitis and predicting prognosis.     

Acute surgical unit safely reduces unnecessary after-hours cholecystectomy

Introduction

The acute surgical model has been trialled in several institutions with mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine whether the acute surgical model provides better outcomes for patients with acute biliary presentation, compared with the traditional emergency surgery model of care.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out of patients who were admitted for management of acute biliary presentation, before and after the establishment of an acute surgical unit (ASU). Outcomes measured were time to operation, operating time, after-hours operation (6pm – 8am), length of stay and surgical complications.

Results

A total of 342 patients presented with acute biliary symptoms and were managed operatively. The median time to operation was significantly reduced in the ASU group (32.4 vs 25.4 hours, p=0.047), as were the proportion of operations performed after hours (19.5% vs 2.5%, p<0.001) and the median length of stay (4 vs 3 days, p<0.001). The median operating time, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and wound infection rates remained similar.

Conclusions

Implementation of an ASU can lead to objective differences in outcomes for patients who present with acute cholecystitis. In our study, the ASU significantly reduced time to operation, the number of operations performed after hours and length of stay.