丙戊酸钠合并氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的观察丙戊酸钠合用氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应。方法符合CCMD-3诊断标准的精神分裂症住院患者,丙戊酸钠合用氯丙嗪组(研究组)35例,单用氯丙嗪组(对照组)31例。以PANSS、CGI、TESS量表评定观察12周。结果研究组总体疗效自第2周起明显优于对照组(P<0.05),其中研究组兴奋症状分及攻击因子分自第4周起缓解明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组较对照组副反应较少且程度较轻(P<0.05)。结论丙戊酸钠合并氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效肯定,安全性与耐受性较好。     

Directional running in mice: effects of cocaine and chlorpromazine

Mice ran in a circular runway. Some received milk at every third circuit in a designated direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, in daily 1000-s sessions. Under control conditions, about 10 times as many circuits were made in the reinforced direction as in the non-reinforced direction. Cocaine (10, 30, 100 µM/kg) had little effect on the total number of circuits, but progressively increased the number in the non-reinforced direction. Chlorpromazine (1, 3, 10, 30 µM/kg) caused a monotonic decrease in total number of circuits and in number in non-reinforced direction. At the highest doses the proportion in the non-reinforced direction was increased. Mice, untrained in the runway and with no reinforcement of circuits in either direction, made many fewer total circuits than when running was reinforced and about equal numbers were in clockwise and in counterclockwise directions. Cocaine greatly increased the total number of circuits. As in the subjects whose running was reinforced, cocaine led to a much higher tendency for mice to run in a single direction. The similarities between the tendency to run in one direction after cocaine and the rotational behavior of rodents seen after cocaine and amphetamine suggest a common mechanism.     

Prophylactic use of chlorpromazine to improve survival of random skin flaps in pigs

On the basis of earlier success in rat studies, chlorpromazine was evaluated as a probable agent for improving survival of random skin flaps in pigs. The aim was to exclude the possibility that the effect of the chlorpromazine is species specific and to find out if it is dose dependent. One hundred and five dorsally-based 12×4 cm flaps were raised unilaterally on the backs of 15 pigs. The animals were divided into three groups using 15 mg/kg chlorpromazine, 7.5 mg/kg chlorpromazine, and a saline-treated control group. Flaps in the control group averaged 40.57±3.17% necrosis, while flaps in the 15 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg chlorpromazine-treated groups averaged 31.53±4.77% and 11.47±2.22% necrosis respectively. These results demonstrate dose dependent beneficial affects of chlorpromazine and the survival of random skin flaps in the pig. Although ideal dose levels are still to be determined, flap survival improved with the prophylactic use of chlorpromazine at the lower 7.5 mg/kg dosage.     

思瑞康与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的:比较思瑞康和氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:将92例符合精神分裂症诊断标准(CCMD-3)的患者随机分为2组,每组46例,分别给予思瑞康和氯丙嗪治疗8wk,采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、不良反应症状量表(TE_SS)评定疗效与不良反应。结果:思瑞康组与氯丙嗪组有效率分别为87.0%、91.3%(P>0.05)。思瑞康组嗜睡、头昏和体质量增加发生率更高(26.1%、23.9%、17.3%),氯丙嗪组锥体外副作用、心动过速和直立性虚脱发生率更高(60.9%、39.1%、32.6%)。结论:思瑞康与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效相当,而前者不良反应相对较轻,安全性更好。     

33例精神分裂症患者氯丙嗪治疗前后血小板聚集功能

本文对精神分裂症患者用氯丙嗪治疗前后PAg(T)功能进行观察及BPRS评定,发现精分症患者PAg(T)功能明显高于对照组,用氯丙嗪治疗1个月后,BPRS评定分值下降,患者临床症状消除,而PAg(T)第一时相无变化,第二时相明显升高,说明氯丙嗪聚药物可促发血小板释放内源性致聚物质,同时也说明患者PAg(T)异常不仅仅是情绪应激所致,更重要的是血小板生理功能异常。     

Red cell flexibility,electrical resistance and viscosity of blood flowing through small glass capillaries

The influence of varying shear forces (4–10 N·cm^–2) generated by a pulsating flow of 4 cycles/min, on the longitudinal electrical resistance (R) of a blood perfused small glass capillary (I.D.=0.12 mm,l=30 mm) was determined. Red cells were stiffened by stepwise addition of bile or by sterile incubation during 24–48 h. The shear dependent changes in R were closely related to red cell flexibility and apparent blood viscosity. In normal defibrinized blood Rdecreased by about 3%, while more rigid cells evoked a shear dependentincrease in R of 1–5%. The measurements performed demonstrate that the typical shapes of the electrical signals provide more information of rheological significance of red blood cell flexibility than the results of viscosity determination alone.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的　评价利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法　将 5 9例精神分裂症住院病人随机分为利培酮 ( 4 mg/d)1组 ( 1 9例 )、利培酮 ( 6 mg/d) 2组 ( 2 0例 )和氯丙嗪组 ( 2 0例 ) ,治疗 8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表 ( PANSS)评定疗效 ,用副反应量表 ( BPRS)及锥体外系副反应量表 ( TESS)评定副反应。结果　利培酮两个剂量组与氯丙嗪组之间疗效无显著性差异。在认知因子、阴性因子、PANSS总分减分率方面 ,利培酮组与氯丙嗪组有显著性差异。利培酮的副反应有锥体外系反应、失眠、头昏等。结论　利培酮是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物 ,在改善认知功能和阴性症状方面 ,利培酮优于氯丙嗪 ,少数病例可出现锥体外系反应。     

Promotion of retroviral entry in the absence of envelope protein by chlorpromazine

Retrovirus packaging cell lines that express the Moloney murine leukemia virus gag, pol, and env genes and a retroviral vector genome can produce virus particles that are capable of transducing cells. Normally if the packaging cell line does not produce a functional viral fusion glycoprotein, such as the retroviral envelope protein or a foreign viral glycoprotein, then the viruses will be incapable of transducing cells. We have found that incubating envelope protein-deficient virus particles bound to cells with chlorpromazine leads to transduction. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a membrane-active reagent that is commonly used to induce the hemifusion to fusion transition when membrane fusion is mediated by partially defective viral glycoproteins. The concentration and pH dependence of the promotion of transduction by CPZ is consistent with a role for CPZ micelle formation in viral entry. These data indicate that caution is warranted when experiments concerning membrane fusion completion promoted by CPZ are analyzed.     

Incremental repeated acquisition in the rat: acute effects of drugs

Rats lever pressed for food and learned new response sequences on three levers. At the beginning of each daily session, responses on only one of the levers produced food. After meeting criterion on one lever, the task was "incremented" so that sequential responses on two levers were required and so on up to five sequential responses. Each new required response was added in front of the previously performed sequence. Sequences of lever presses required to produce food changed each session. Following establishment of stable acquisition behavior, the acute effects of d-amphetamine (0.30-3.0 mg/kg), diazepam (0.125-4.0 mg/kg), morphine (0.30-10.0 mg/kg), pentobarbital (1.0-17.5 mg/kg), and chlorpromazine (0.10-3.0 mg/kg) were examined. All drugs decreased the number of response sequences completed in a dose-dependent fashion. Response rates generally decreased at or below those doses that caused an increase in errors. For d-amphetamine, the profound disruption of incremental repeated acquisition behavior was primarily due to drug-induced perserverative responding. Pentobarbital and chlorpromazine increased errors both when the sequence was incremented and within the sequence whereas diazepam only increased errors when the sequence was incremented. Morphine generally increased within sequence errors without affecting errors when the sequence was incremented.     

抗精神病药所致体重增加的研究

目的比较典型(氯丙嗪与舒必利)与非典型抗精神病药(维思通与氯氮平)对体重的影响.方法对单服维思通、舒必利、氯氮平、氯丙嗪其中一种的精神分裂症患者,于用药前后测定体重的变化.结果服药8周后四种药物引起体重增加如下维思通组2.40kg,舒必利组2.73 kg,氯氮平组3.71 kg,氯丙嗪组4.98 kg,其中维思通组与氯丙嗪组比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01);舒必利组与氯丙嗪组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).各组男女体重变化差异无显著性,但男性平均体重的增加较女性高.结论典型与非典型抗精神病药均引起体重增加,其中对体重影响从小到大为维思通＜舒必利＜氯氮平＜氯丙嗪.对体重影响的不同也导致同患病率的不同.上述各药对男女体重影响无明显不同.