Locally advanced cervical carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiation followed by radical surgery: clinical response and oncological outcomes according to histotype after propensity score analysis

IntroductionThe aims of this study were to analyze the pathological response, and survival outcomes of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous (AC/ASC) versus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) managed by chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter, observational study, including patients with SCC and AC/ACS LACC patients treated with preoperative CT/RT followed by tailored radical surgery (RS) between 06/2002 and 05/2017. Clinical-pathological characteristics were compared between patients with SCC versus AC/ASC. A 1:3 ratio propensity score (PS) matching was applied to remove the variables imbalance between the two groups.ResultsAfter PS, 320 patients were included, of which 240 (75.0%) in the SCC group, and 80 (25.0%) in the AC/ASC group. Clinico-pathological and surgical baseline characteristics were balanced between the two study groups. Percentage of pathologic complete response was 47.5% in SCC patients versus 22.4% of AC/ASC ones (p < 0.001). With a median follow-up of 51 months (range:1–199), there were 54/240 (22.5%) recurrences in SCC versus 28/80 (35.0%) in AC/ASC patients (p = 0.027). AC/ASC patients experienced worse disease free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) compared to SCC patients (p = 0.019, and p = 0.048, respectively). In multivariate analysis, AC/ACS histotype, and FIGO stage were associated with worse DFS and OS.ConclusionIn LACC patients treated with CT/RT followed by RS, AC/ASC histology was associated with lower pathological complete response to CT/RT, and higher risk of recurrence and death compared with SCC patients. This highlights the need for specific therapeutic strategies based on molecular characterization to identify targets and develop novel treatments.     

Response to chemoradiotherapy and lymph node involvement in locally advanced rectal cancer

AIM: To establish the association between lymph node involvement and the response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.METHODS: Data of 130 patients with mid and low locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical surgery over a 5-year period were reviewed. Tumor staging was done by endorectal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy was determined by T-downstaging and tumor regression grading (TRG). Pathologic complete response (pCR) is defined as the absence of tumor cells in the surgical specimen (ypT0N0). The varying degrees TRG were classified according to Mandard’s scoring system. The evaluation of the response is based on the comparison between previous clinico-radiological staging and the results of pathological evaluation. χ² and Spearman’s correlation tests were used for the comparison of variables.RESULTS: Pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0N0, TRG1) was observed in 19 cases (14.6%), and other 18 (13.8%) had only very few residual malignant cells in the rectal wall (TRG2). T-downstaging was found in 63 (48.5%). Mean lymph node retrieval was 9.4 (range 0-38). In 37 cases (28.5%) more than 12 nodes were identified in the surgical specimen. Preoperative lymph node involvement was seen in 77 patients (59.2%), 71 N1 and 6 N2. Postoperative lymph node involvement was observed in 41 patients (31.5%), 29 N1 and 12 N2, while the remaining 89 were N0 (68.5%). In relation to ypT stage, we found nodal involvement of 9.4% in ypT0-1, 22.2% in ypT2 and 43.7% in ypT3-4. Of the 37 patients considered “responders” to neoadjuvant therapy (TRG1 and 2), there were only 4 N+ (10.8%) and the remainder N0 (89.2%). In the “non responders” group (TRG 3, 4 and 5), 37 cases were N+ (39.8%) and 56 (60.2%) were N0 (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer is associated with lymph node involvement.     

同步放化疗治疗不能手术的食管癌疗效分析

目的 :不能手术的食管癌同步放化疗的疗效观察。方法 :88例食管癌患者根据入选标准随机分组 ,4 3例进入化疗 +放射治疗组 (放化组 ) ,4 5例进入单纯放射治疗组 (单放组 )。放化组 :化疗为DF方案 ,即 5 Fu 5 0 0mg/m2 d1～d4 ,DDP2 0mg/m2 d1 d4 ;放射治疗从第 1天即开始 ,6MV x射线照射 ,三野等中心照射DT 6 0GY 6 5GY/30 33Fr/6 6 5W。单放组 :放射治疗方案同综合组。结果 :放化组的 12个月、2 4个月生存率分别为 76 7%、5 8 1% ,单放组的 12个月、2 4个月生存率分别为 6 6 7%、4 2 2 % ,但二组间的生存率统计学上未显示出统计学差异 (χ2 =2 2 7,P =0 132 )。放化组的 2年远处转移发生率为 16 3% ,低于单放组的 2 8 9% (P <0 0 5 )。放化组的毒性反应大于单放组 ,但患者均能耐受。结论 :以DF方案化疗配合放射治疗不能手术的食管癌降低了远处转移发生率 ,同时有提高远期生存率的可能性 ,虽毒性反应增加 ,但患者均能耐受 ,有进一步研究的价值     

Quelle place pour la radiothérapie dans la prise en charge des cancers du pancréas localisés ?

At diagnosis, about 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer present with a resectable tumour, 50% have a metastatic tumour, and 25% a locally advanced tumor (non-metastatic but unresectable due to vascular invasion) or borderline resectable. Despite the technical progress made in the field of radiation therapy and the improvement of the efficacy of chemotherapy, the prognosis of these patients remains very poor. Recently, the role of radiation therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer has been much debated. This review aims to evaluate the role of radiation therapy for these patients.     

紫杉醇联合卡铂三周方案同步胸部放疗治疗不宜手术的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效和安全性研究:一项来自单中心的回顾性研究

背景与目的 对于局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)同步放化疗是推荐的标准治疗.理想的化疗方案并未确立.本研究拟回顾性分析紫杉醇/卡铂(paclitaxel/carboplatin,PC)三周方案同步胸部放疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC的疗效和安全性,并与标准的依托泊苷/顺铂(cisplatin/etoposide,PE)方案进行比较.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院2012年1月-2014年6月收治的局部晚期NSCLC患者共43例,其中15例接受PC三周方案同步胸部放疗,28例接受PE方案同步胸部放疗.比较两组患者的临床特征、疗效和不良反应.结果 全组患者:客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)为41.9％,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)为90.7％,中位无疾病进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS)为10,6个月(95％CI:7.4-13.8),中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为19.2个月(95％Ch15.3-23.1).PC组和PE组在疗效上无统计学差异(ORR:33.3％vs 46.4％,DCR:86.7％vs 92.9％,P=0.638;PFS:6.6个月vs 12.2个月,P=0.389;OS:16.1个月vs 22.1个月,P=0.555).不良反应可处理,两组均未发生治疗相关死亡.结论 PC三周方案同步胸部放疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC与标准PE方案疗效相似,不良反应可接受,在临床中可采用.     

荷瘤小鼠静脉注射洛铂和顺铂后药物浓度的变化规律

目的研究洛铂和顺铂在小鼠血浆、肾脏和肿瘤内的药物浓度随时间变化的规律,为放疗增敏提供实验数据。方法 70只C57BL/6近交系Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠随机分组,按10mg药物/kg体重经尾静脉分别给小鼠注射药物（洛铂或顺铂）,给药后在0.5、2、4、24、48、72、96 h分别将小鼠处死获取血液和组织标本（肿瘤和肾脏）,应用ICP-MS方法测定标本铂含量。结果洛铂和顺铂的血浆药时曲线均符合三室模型,半衰期分别为51.139h和35.583h,洛铂在血浆中的清除速率大于顺铂[0.532L/（h.kg）对0.192 L/（h·kg）];洛铂和顺铂在肿瘤组织的浓度均在给药后迅速达到最大[（2.79±0.35）μg/g对（4.78±1.11）μg/g],然后迅速下降,在4 h后分别降至0.99±0.21μg/g和3.39±0.55μg/g,在96 h肿瘤中仍有药物存在,浓度分别为0.23±0.05μg/g和1.41±0.71μg/g。肿瘤药物浓度与血浆药物浓度呈对数相关,Rsq分别为0.948和0.837。结论洛铂和顺铂在小鼠体内静脉给药后半衰期长,肿瘤内药物浓度在给药后很快达到最大,在4 h降至平台期,96 h仍有药物存在,顺铂在肿瘤内的浓度高于洛铂;洛铂在小鼠体内的清除速率快于顺铂;可以通过检测血浆中的洛铂和顺铂浓度来估算肿瘤内的药物浓度。     

尼妥珠单抗联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床研究

目的：探讨尼妥珠单抗联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床效果。方法：选取局部晚期食管癌患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组32例,给予对照组单纯奈达铂同步放化疗治疗,给予观察组尼妥珠单抗联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗,两组治疗周期为6wk。治疗后比较两组病情缓解情况、生存情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后观察组和对照组RR分别为93.75%、71.86%,有显著差异（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组1～3年局控率比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但观察组无瘤生存率和总体生存率分别为81.25%、93.75%均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应发生率较低,不良反应发生情况比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论：尼妥珠单抗联合奈达铂同步放化疗对局部晚期食管癌疗效显著,可明显提高患者无瘤生存率和总体生存率,不良反应较少,对局部晚期食管癌患者的临床治疗意义重大。     

羟基脲对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞放化疗增敏作用的研究

目的:探讨羟基脲(HU)联合替莫唑胺(TMZ)加放疗(RT)对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞放化疗(CRT)敏感性的影响。方法:体外培养U251细胞,采用CCK8实验检测不同浓度HU、TMZ及不同条件处理后细胞的增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期分布情况;Transwell小室、划痕实验评估细胞侵袭、迁移能力变化;We...     

弥散加权成像预测食管鳞癌患者放化疗近期疗效的临床价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)在食管鳞癌(ESCC)患者放化疗近期疗效预测中的作用。方法回顾性收集2017年4月至2020年3月承德市第三医院收治的120例ESCC患者,患者放化疗前后均进行DWI扫描,在DWI图像上对病灶表观扩散系数(ADC)进行测量。根据放化疗近期疗效将患者分为缓解组(完全缓解+部分缓解)与非缓解组(进展+稳定),比较两组放化疗前后前后ADC值、ADC值变化量(ΔADC)及ADC值变化率(ADC%)的差异。应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价治疗前ADC值对放化疗疗效的预测价值。结果 120例患者,完全缓解31例(25.83%),部分缓解48例(40.00%),稳定32例(26.67%),进展9例(7.50%);缓解组共79例,未缓解组41例。120例患者放化疗治疗后ADC值为(2.13±0.26)×10^-3mm²/s,显著高于治疗前[(1.45±0.18)×10^-3mm²/s],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗前缓解组ADC值显著低于未缓解组,治疗后缓解组A...