胱蛋白酶抑制剂C和内生肌酐清除率与肾脏病理变化的关系探讨

目的　了解血胱蛋白酶抑制剂 (cystatin)C和内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)与肾脏病理变化的关系。 方法　选择 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月因各种肾脏疾病收治入院行肾穿刺活检术的患儿共 12 4例 ,入院后查血cys tatinC和Ccr ,并行肾穿刺活检术以了解肾脏病理变化 ,然后通过相关及多元线性回归分析了解血cystatinC和Ccr与肾脏病理变化的关系。结果　血cystatinC与肾脏病理变化的复相关系数 (R) =0 .6 91(P <0 .0 1) ,血cys tatinC与肾脏病理变化之间存在直线关系 ,其回归方程为Y =0 .6 0 5 +0 .30 7X1+0 .4 93X2 (F =5 5 .18,P <0 .0 1)。Ccr与肾脏病理变化的R =0 .4 0 5 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ccr与肾脏病理变化之间亦存在直线关系 (F =11.89,P<0 .0 1)。结论　血cystatinC比Ccr更能反映肾脏病理变化的严重程度。血cystatinC和Ccr均与肾间质的变化密切相关 ,尤以血cystatinC更敏感。因此 ,血cystatinC可作为判断肾脏疾病预后的重要参考指标 ,以及时了解肾脏病理变化采取有效的治疗。     

前列地尔(凯时)对尿蛋白及肌酐清除率的影响

目的观察前列地尔(凯时注射液)静点对糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白排泄量及肌酐清除率的影响。方法对41例糖尿病肾病患者应用凯时治疗前后24小时尿蛋白及肌酐清除率对照。结果凯时对糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白及肌酐清除率均有改善(P<0.05)。结论凯时可以减少糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白及肌酐清除率。     

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate —A More Stable Indicator than Creatinine Clearance in Peritoneal Dialysis Practice

Objective: The usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate may not be restricted to pre-dialysis patients, since we reported that estimated glomerular filtration rate was well correlated with measured total creatinine clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients. To clarify the clinical usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate as a parameter for peritoneal dialysis adequacy, we retrospectively surveyed estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients treated at JA Toride Medical Center.Patients and Methods: A total of 114 data sets of estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance from 21 PD patients treated at JA Toride Medical Center were collected from November 2010 to October 2011. The patients consisted of 15 men and six women with an average age of 66.6 ± 12.6 years (46–95 years old). The average number of samples was 5.4 ± 1.5 (2 to 7) per patient.Results: The collected data showed less correlation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance (r. = 0.435) than that of a previous cross-sectional study (r. = 0.836). As reported in pre-dialysis patients, the differences between estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance were correlated with total creatinine excretion in urine and PD effluent (r. = 0.821). The differences were also correlated with normalized protein catabolic rate, which was one of the main determinant factors for total creatinine excretion (r. = 0.636). A similar tendency was apparently observed in one patient with poor compliance to diet therapy and fluctuating dietary intake. From the analysis of these data, serum creatinine seemed to fluctuate less possibly due to compensatory capacity of the residual renal function in small solute clearance.Conclusions: Consequently, estimated glomerular filtration rate was turned out to be a more stable parameter than total creatinine clearance, which might be a desirable feature in long-term follow-up of peritoneal dialysis patients.     

Single-centre retrospective observational study comparing trough blood concentration and safety of teicoplanin formulations

Teicoplanin formulations are marketed as antibiotic mixtures with several compounds that share the same core structure. Recent studies conducted in vitro have reported differences in the composition ratio of different teicoplanin products. In this retrospective study, we examined the trough blood concentration of the originator brand and a generic teicoplanin product. Target patients were retrospectively assigned to the originator (Targocid) or generic group. The groups were matched 1:1 using propensity scores. The initial trough blood concentration analysis identified 44 matches. In both groups, the median dosing day for the first measurements was 4, respectively. The initial trough blood concentration of the originator group was significantly higher (mean ± SD, 16.3 ± 4.5 mg/L) than that of the generic group (12.8 ± 4.7 mg/L; 95% CI, ?5.4 to ?1.6). A significant difference was observed in the frequency of serum creatinine elevation in the study of the frequency of adverse events using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (originator group, 41.9% vs generic group, 20.9%). In cases where discontinuation was necessary due to side effects, there were three patients in the originator group and one patient in the generic group. This study found that trough blood concentration differed between formulations. Therefore, correction might be necessary while monitoring drug concentration in the blood. Trough blood concentrations are used as surrogate markers for efficacy and safety, so further studies on differences in efficacy and safety between formulations are required.     

血清β2-微球蛋白与常用肾功能检测指标的临床应用及相关性分析

目的评价血清β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）在不同肾脏疾病患者中的临床应用及其与其他常用肾功能检测指标的相关性。方法各种不同肾脏疾病患者86例,Scr、Ccr正常对照组40例,血β2-MG、ERPF正常对照组40例,放射免疫分析法测定β2-MG。FT-691肾图仪测定ERPF,常规生化法测定BUN、Scr、Ccr。结果血清β2-MG正常时,与Scr呈一致性变化（P〉0．05）,与BUN、CcrERPF无明显相关（P〈0．05）;血清β2-MG升高时,与BUN、Scr、Ccr、ERPF表现出一定的相关性（P〉0．05）。结论肾功能受损早期时,β2-MG不敏感,ERPF可早期判断肾功能;肾功能受损达一定程度时,上述指标均可用于判断肾脏功能。     

益气活血利水法对肾性高血压大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响

目的 :了解益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )对肾实质性高血压 (RPH)大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响。方法 :采用肾大部切除加高盐喂养法建立RPH模型。随机分为实验组 (高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组 )、阳性药对照组 (开博通 )、空白对照组 (水 ) ,每日灌胃 1次 ,连续 8周。分别于2、4、6、8周测定血压、肌酐、肌酐清除率。利用多因素方差分析方法 ,分析益气活血利水法对RPH大鼠血压及肾功能的影响。结果 :肌酐 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )各组与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血压 :6周时益气活血利水法各组与对照组比较有显著性差异 (高剂量组P<0 0 5、中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 0 1) ;肌酐清除率 :6周时的实验组与空白对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,8周时益气活血利水法各组与空白对照组均有显著差异 (高剂量组P <0 0 5 ,中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 5 )。结论 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )能降低模型大鼠血压 ,并对肾功能有一定的保护作用。     

Serum cystatin C may predict the early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

We determined the relationship between levels of serum cystatin C or serum creatinine (s-Cr) and prognostic stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Serum samples from 174 patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained from Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo and Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan. They were classified into four groups according to the Report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan as follows: Stage I (normoalbuminuric stage), Stage II (microalbuminuric stage), Stage IIIA (macroalbuminuric stage without renal dysfunction), Stage IIIB (macroalbuminuric stage with renal dysfunction), and Stage IV (renal failure stage). Among these patients, 68 were Stage I, 29 Stage II, 32 Stage IIIA, 17 Stage IIIB, and 28 Stage IV. The levels of serum cystatin C were measured using the Dade Behring Cystatin C assay with automated Dade Behring Nephelometer II (BNII) (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Germany). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Stage IIIA were significantly higher than those in Stage I or II (P<0.00001, P<0.0005, respectively). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Stage IIIB and Stage IV were also significantly higher than those in Stage I (P<0.00001). However, the mean levels of serum creatinine (s-Cr) in Stage IIIA were not significantly higher than those in Stage I or II. The levels of s-Cr in Stage IIIB and Stage IV were significantly higher than those in Stage I (P<0.00001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) of cystatin C (0.76) was greater than that of s-Cr (0.66). As an early prognostic marker of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, serum cystatin C was better than s-Cr in terms of sensitivity and specificity. It appears that the levels of serum cystatin C may predict early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.     

慢性腹透患者透析充分性和营养状况的临床评估

本文对53例慢性腹透（PD）患者通过测定整体尿素清除率（KT／V）、肌酐清除率（Ccr）、蛋白分解代谢率（PCR）、标准蛋白分解代谢率（nPCR）、白蛋白（ALB）、臂肌面积（AMA）来观察腹透的充分性和有关营养状况．结果表明：①KT／V与Ccr有显著相关性（r=067，P＜0．01），其中KT／V＜1．4的16例，Ccr＜50／周14例（占28.3％）；②KT／V、Ccr与PCR、nPCR有显著相关性（r=0．36～0．72，P＜0．01），W、Ts、AMA与PCR有显著相关性（r=0．29～0．27，P＜0．05）；③高龄者、近期透析者ALB偏低．提示KT／V、Ccr是了解透析充分性、调节透析量的有效手段．PCR、nPCR在评估PD患者营养状态中，肥胖及消瘦者可影响nPCR的结果．     

慢性肾功能衰竭血载脂蛋白水平与肾功能的关系探讨

为探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者（ＣＲＦ）的载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）水平与血肌酐（Ｃｒ）和肌酐清除率（Ｃｃｒ）的关系。采用免疫法测定３６例ＣＲＦ病人及正常对照者２０例血清Ａｐｏ的水平。结果显示：ＣＲＦ病人血浆Ａｐｏ水平明显异常并与血肌酐及肌酐清除率相关（Ｐ＜００５）。结论说明：Ａｐｏ异常不仅是肾功能减退的结果，而且还影响肾脏疾病的进程。     

奥美沙坦酯对老年高血压患者肌酐清除率的影响

目的：评价奥美沙坦酯对老年高血压患者肌酐清除率的影响。方法：42例老年高血压患者随机接受奥美沙坦酯20mg或氯沙坦50mg,qd治疗,总疗程8周。结果：奥美沙坦酯组和氯沙坦组治疗前后肌酐清除率均有不同程度上升,但与治疗前相比无统计学差异,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。奥美沙坦酯组和氯沙坦组均未出现不良反应。结论：老年高血压患者应用奥美沙坦酯后肌酐清除率有轻度上升,提升对肾脏有保护作用。