A comparative analysis of radiological and surgical placement of central venous catheters

Purpose To compare the differences in practice and outcome of all radiologically and surgically placed central venous catheters retrospectively over a 2-year period simultaneously, at a single institution. Methods A total of 253 Hickman catheters were inserted in 209 patients; 120 were placed radiologically in 102 patients and 133 were placed surgically in 107 patients. The indication was chemotherapy in 76% of radiological and in 47% of surgical cases; the remainder were for total parenteral nutrition and venous access. Results There were 6 (4.5%) primary surgical failures and a further 17 (13%) surgical cases requiring multiple placement attempts. Pneumothorax occurred once (0.8%) surgically and four times (3.3%) radiologically. There were no radiological primary misplacements but there were five (3.7%) surgical ones. Catheter or central vein thrombosis occurred in four (3.3%) radiological and five (3.7%) surgical cases. The rate of infection per 1000 catheter-days was 1.9 in radiologically placed catheters and 4.0 in surgically placed ones (p<0.001). Average catheter life-span was similar for the two placement methods (100±23 days). Conclusion Radiological placement is consistently more reliable than surgical placement. There are fewer placement complications and fewer catheter infections overall.     

介入用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性研究

介入导管优良的血液相容性是确保血管内介入技术安全可靠进行的重要因素，我们对自己合成的四种介入导管用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性进行了评价，包括溶血试验、血小板黏试验、动态凝血时间试验和动态血栓形成实验。结果表明，其中的H50-100和H60-100具有优良的血液相容性，完全可以用作介入导管材料。此外，还讨论了聚氨酯结构与血液相容性的关系。     

Percutaneous retrieval of an impacted ureteric T-tube

An impacted ureteric T-tube was removed percutaneously, using an Amplatz goose-neck snare. This new snare has advantages over conventional snares, particularly in situation where atraumatic manipulation is essential. Correspondence to: R. D. Edwards     

Lengthier cryoablation and a bonus cryoapplication is associated with improved efficacy for cryothermal catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardias in children

Introduction Cryoablation is an effective treatment for children with supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). The present study documents the effect of two different cryoablation protocols on acute and chronic success rates. Methods and results Fifty-three consecutive patients (age range, 5–20 years) were treated; patients 1 to 17 were treated by a standard ablation protocol and patients 18 to 53 were treated by a modified ablation protocol that required lengthier cryoablations plus delivery of a bonus cryoapplication to consolidate the acutely successful irreversible lesion created at intervention. Electrophysiological study (EPS) was performed with diagnostic catheters and cryoablations were performed with a 7FR 4 mm tip catheter (CryoCath Technologies). Acute endpoints for non-inducibility of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) by programmed atrial stimulation at baseline or during isoproterenol performed 30 min post procedure, as well as non-inducibility and conduction block over the accessory pathway (AP). The chronic endpoint was arrhythmia recurrence post intervention. No permanent cryo-related complications or adverse outcomes were reported. Acute success rates for patients 1 to 17 and 18 to 53 were 88 and 100%, respectively. The cumulative percentage of patients without arrhythmia recurrence at 12 month follow-up was significantly different at 73 and 90%, respectively. Conclusions Lengthier cryoablation delivery, approximating 7 min per cryoablation, increases the acute success rate at intervention. Moreover, these lengthier cryoablation deliveries plus a bonus cryoapplication to consolidate the acutely successful irreversible lesion created at intervention may also significantly improve the chronic success rate, while also maintaining an excellent safety profile for cryoablation treatment of children with SVT such as AVNRT and AP located near the AV junction.     

关节置换术后不同拔管时间的引流管尖端细菌培养结果分析

目的 对关节置换术后不同拔管时间负压引流管尖端细菌培养的结果进行临床分析.方法 前瞻性选择行单侧关节置换84例,其中单侧膝关节置换40例,单侧髋关节置换44例.每位患者手术结束时均于切口筋膜层之下放入一根负压引流管,随后立即拔除,引流管尖端约3 cm送细菌培养,此设为对照组.再根据术后拔管时间不同分为两个实验组:24 h组42例,术后24 h拔除;48 h组42例,术后48 h拔除.引流管尖端约3 cm送细菌培养.所有患者术后随访3个月,观察有无发生关节感染.对细菌培养结果及随访结果进行分析.结果 对照组引流管尖端无细菌生长.实验组中24 h组拔除的引流管中有6例(7.14%)细菌培养阳性,其中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌5例(5.95%),大肠埃希菌1例(1.19%);48 h组拔除的引流管中有2例(2.38%)培养阳性,其中皮氏罗尔斯顿菌1例(1.19%),弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌1例(1.19%),24 h组与48 h组细菌培养阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).根据关节置换类型分析,髋关节置换术后拔除的引流管中有5例(5.95%)培养阳性,膝关节置换术后拔除的引流管中有3例(3.57%)培养阳性,两者阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).所有患者随访3个月,均未出现关节感染症状,包括培养阳性的患者.结论 关节置换术后引流管尖端细菌培养结果用来诊断关节感染价值不大,在应用预防性抗生素的情况下,术后48 h内拔管都是安全的.     

Epidemiological study of Candida infections in blood: susceptibilities of Candida spp. to antifungal agents, and clinical features associated with the candidemia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida spp. isolated from blood samples from patients in our hospital, located in Osaka, Japan. We also examined the clinical background of these patients. We analyzed fungi isolated from clinical blood samples obtained in our hospital over a period of 10 years (1993 to 2002). Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out for six agents, using the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M-27-A2 method. The clinical backgrounds were reviewed using the medical records of 125 patients who were diagnosed as having candidemia. The major fungi isolated were Candida parapsilosis (39.2%) and C. albicans (30.1%), and both were sensitive to fluconazole. One strain of C. glabrata and six strains of C. krusei were resistant to fluconazole, and they constituted 4.4% of all Candida spp. isolated. With the exception of C. parapsilosis, most fungi were susceptible to micafungin, although there is no universally agreed breakpoint for this drug. Analysis of the patients' clinical backgrounds revealed that the major underlying disease was cancer (46.4% excluding hematological malignancies). C. krusei was detected almost exclusively in patients with hematological malignancies. Indwelling venous catheters had been responsible for infection in 93.6% of the infected patients. The clinical outcomes of the 125 patients were favorable in 52% and poor in 48%, and subsequent removal of the indwelling catheters was effective in about half of the patients in whom this was done, with good prognosis. To prevent mycosis and its complications, indwelling catheters should be avoided as much as possible. Attention must be paid to the possibility that resistant isolates of Candida spp. can be selected as a result of the use of antifungal agents.     

PICC置管中延迟撤除支撑导丝对颈内静脉导管异位复位成功率的影响

目的探讨经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）时延迟撤离支撑导丝对颈内静脉导管异位复位成功率的影响。方法将2013年1月至2014年1月行PICC的316例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各158例。对照组在导管置入预测长度后撤离支撑导丝,再用超声探头探查颈静脉,确认导管无异位后修剪导管并连接正压接头,如发现导管异位立即在无菌条件下行复位;观察组在导管置入至预测长度后立即用超声探头探查颈静脉,如导管无异位再撤离支撑导丝,修剪导管并连接正压接头,如发现导管异位及时在支撑导丝作用下行复位。对比两组患者在置管过程中颈内静脉导管异位的发生率、复位成功率以及平均复位时间的差异。结果观察组发生导管异位30例,其中颈内静脉导管异位29例;对照组发生导管异位32例,其中颈内静脉导管异位27例。观察组颈内静脉导管异位发生率（18.35%）与对照组（17.09%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;但复位成功率（96.55%,28/29）高于对照组（77.78%,21/27）,平均复位时间[（5.70±1.22）min]短于对照组[（8.90±2.53）min],差异均有统计学意义（χ2=4.51,t=6.10,P〈0.05）。结论在超声引导下应用赛丁格技术行PICC术中,导管送至预测长度后常规探查颈静脉,排除颈内静脉导管异位后撤除支撑导丝,有利于颈内静脉导管异位的复位。     

透视下与非透视下颈内静脉长期血液透析导管置管的临床效果观察

目的探讨在透视下与非透视下行颈内静脉长期血液透析（血透）导管置管术的临床效果。方法对2009年7月至2013年7月该院收治的88例尿毒症患者行颈内静脉长期血透导管置管术。前2年,42例均在导管室X射线透视定位下进行,右侧颈内静脉32例（A组）,左侧颈内静脉10例（B组）;后2年,46例均为非透视下进行．右侧颈内静脉34例（C组）,左侧颈内静脉12例（D组）,观察置管的成功率、导管首次透析血流量、尿素下降率（URR）、整体尿素清除率（Kt／v）及性价比。结果四组均能成功置管,A组、C组导管首次透析血流量及充分性均良好,但A、C两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;D组较B组置管首次透析血流量及充分性均差,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论右侧颈内静脉置管术首选非透视下进行,在节约患者医疗费用的同时减少患者及医务人员的放射性接触;左侧颈内静脉置管可优先选用透视下进行．有利于及时确定导管尖端位置并予以调整．避免透析血流量不足及透析不充分．     

优质护理服务在泌尿外科术后置入双J管中的应用

目的：探讨优质护理服务在泌尿外科术后双 J管置入中的应用效果。方法选择2013年8月-2014年2月在我院泌尿外科手术后留置双 J管的患者56例,分为观察组和对照组,每组28例,观察组实行优质护理服务,对照组实行功能制护理,观察两组术后疼痛评分及并发症发生情况。结果观察组术后疼痛评分低于对照组（P 〈0.05）,并发症发生例数少于对照组。结论优质护理服务对泌尿外科术后置入双 J 管有减轻疼痛及减少并发症的作用。     

互联网+多元联动模式在恶性肿瘤患儿PICC居家延续性护理中的应用

目的 探讨互联网+多元联动模式在恶性肿瘤患儿PICC居家延续性护理中的应用效果。 方法 选取2018年9月—2019年9月在重庆市某医院置PICC并带管出院的130对患儿及其家长为研究对象,用随机数字法分为试验组和对照组,每组各65对。试验组采用互联网+多元联动模式进行居家延续性护理;对照组采用常规居家延续性护理,干预3个月后,对两组PICC并发症发生率、导管维护依从性、因导管维护产生的时间及费用、PICC专项护理服务满意度及PICC自我管理能力进行比较。 结果 试验组62对、对照组60对完成研究。干预后试验组的导管总体并发症发生率、因导管维护产生的时间及费用均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;试验组的导管维护依从性、PICC专项护理服务满意度、PICC自我管理能力均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 基于互联网+多元联动模式可有效降低肿瘤患儿PICC居家护理中并发症的发生率,提高患儿导管维护依从性和自我管理效能。