高糖通过活化半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3途径诱导人腹膜间皮细胞凋亡

目的 探讨高糖损伤人腹膜间皮细胞(HPMC)的机制。方法 (1)分离培养HPMC,以细胞形态、免疫细胞化学染色作细胞鉴定;(2)第2代HPMC分别经含1.5%、2.5%、4.25%葡萄糖的M199培养基培养48h后(以正常M199培养基和含4.25%甘露醇的M199培养基为对照),检测HPMC caspase-3活性和HPMC凋亡情况;(3)分别用25μmol/L、50μmol/L、和100μmol/LZ-VAD.fmk和4.25%葡萄糖共同刺激体外培养的HPMC(以DMSO和4.25%葡萄糖为对照),流式细胞仪观察HPMC凋亡情况,同时检测50μmol/L Z-VAD.fmk组和葡萄糖对照组caspase-3活性。结果 (1)HPMC caspase-3活性和凋亡率与葡萄糖浓度呈正相关(r分别为0.9506和0.9868,P<0.01),且HPMC caspase-3活性与凋亡率呈正相关(r=0.9860,P<0.01)。与M199对照组相比,2.5%葡萄糖组和4.25%葡萄糖组HPMC caspase-3活性和凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05),而1.5%葡萄糖组及4.25%甘露醇组HPMC caspase-3活性和凋亡率无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)4.25%葡萄糖组caspase-3活性显著高于4.25%甘露醇组(P<0.05),但4.25%甘露醇组caspase-3活性与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,Z-VAD,fmk组HPMC凋亡率(P<0.05)和caspase-3活性(P<0.05)显著下降,且HPMC凋亡率与Z-VAD.fmk呈负相关(r=-0.8836,P<0.01)。结论 (1)高糖能以     

重组型Caspase3对U251胶质瘤细胞促凋亡作用

目的探讨由野生型人Caspase3大小亚基颠倒构建的重组型Caspase3促U251胶质瘤细胞的调亡活性。方法运用分子克隆技术,使Caspase3基因大小亚基颠倒构建,并将重组基因克隆入绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,转染人U251胶质瘤细胞。利用透射电镜和流式细胞仪观察胶质瘤细胞凋亡的生物学特征。结果成功地获得了重组型反向Caspase3基因。经限制酶酶切分析鉴定释放330及550bp片段,PCR法鉴定反向重组成功;构建了重组型Caspase3基因的真核表达载体,转染U251胶质瘤细胞后,重组型Caspase3基因在细胞中表达,电镜显示细胞呈现凋亡的典型形态学特征。流式细胞仪可见细胞凋亡峰。结论重组型Caspase3可促进U251胶质瘤细胞的凋亡。     

Caspase的结构与功能

Caspase是执行细胞凋亡的主要酶类 ,绝大部分细胞凋亡依赖于 Caspase的存在。目前已鉴定的哺乳动物 Caspase有 14种 ,它们具有很多共同的特点。Caspase酶原包括 3个部分 :原域、大亚单位和小亚单位。酶原本身的活性很低 ,但可以通过不同的方式被激活。一旦原域以及大、小亚单位之间的连结被切除 ,大小亚单位之间相互作用形成一个异二聚体 ,其中包含一个活性位点 ;两个异二聚体形成一个四聚体 ,成为 Caspase的活化形式。活化的 Caspase是细胞凋亡过程中的关键酶类 ,通过特异性的裂解底物而发挥其执行细胞凋亡的功能。此外 ,Caspase还在细胞因子成熟过程中发挥重要作用     

半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)及其在细胞凋亡中的作用

白细胞介素β转化酶,即ICE,与线虫死亡基因产物Ced-3蛋白相似,目前已发现14种ICE类似物,Alnemri将ICE家族统一命名为Caspase(Cystein-asparate protease,半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸蛋白酶),Caspase以结构酶原形式广泛存在于细胞。Caspase酶原主要经细胞色素C及死亡受体激活。Caspase活性中心含半胱氨酸,其选择性裂解底物天冬氨酸后残基,通过对蛋白激酶、核酸酶及细胞骨架的裂解,Caspase可激活特定信号系统,产生核皱缩,DNA片段形成等凋亡现象,最终导致细胞死亡,Caspase特异性抑制剂可抑制此作用。许多基因与Caspase参与的凋亡有关。     

脑室注射N-苯甲基氧化碳酰-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-天冬氨酸-氯化丙酮对新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的保护作用

目的研究广谱Caspase抑制剂N-苯甲基氧化碳酰-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-天冬氨酸-氯化丙酮(zVAD-fmk)对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)的保护作用。方法将新生7日龄SD大鼠36只随机分为缺氧缺血(HI)对照组(A)、zVAD-fmk治疗组(B)和假手术组(C)。B组动物于HI前即刻脑室注射zVAD-fmk 1μg,A组注射同体积PBS。建立HIBD动物模型,观察HIBD模型大鼠HI后24 h脑含水量及流式细胞术检测海马细胞凋亡百分率1、4 d体质量增长率和脑组织病理变化。结果HI后24 h,B组HIBD新生鼠结扎侧脑组织含水量、海马神经细胞凋亡率较A组明显减少;HI后14 d体质量增长率B组与A组无显著差异;缺血侧皮质、海马神经元死亡率B组较A组明显降低。结论脑室注射zVAD-fmk可减少HIBD后早期和中期神经细胞凋亡,对新生大鼠HIBD具有一定保护作用。     

Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Aim

To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.

Methods

Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.

Result

Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC₅₀ of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.

Conclusion

The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.     

蒽贝素体外抑制人胰腺癌细胞MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨x连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）抑制剂蒽贝素抑制人胰腺癌细胞MiaPaCa-2凋亡的作用及其可能机制。方法MTT法和流式细胞术检测不同剂量蒽贝素对MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖和凋亡的影响;RT-PCR法对蒽贝素处理前后MiaPaCa-2细胞中XIAP基因的表达进行检测。Westernblotting方法检测蒽贝素作用后细胞XIAP、Caspase3、促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bel-2表达的变化。结果蒽贝素对人胰腺癌细胞增殖具有显著抑制作用（P〈0．05）,经不同剂量蒽贝素处理后MiaPaCa-2细胞凋亡率明显增高,与未处理组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）;RT-PCR显示对照组细胞中XIAP的-△△CT值是实验组的11．31倍;经蒽贝素作用24h后,MiaPaCa-2细胞出现Caspase3裂解片段,且Bax／Bcl-2比值增大。结论蒽贝素在体外可显著抑制MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能是通过拮抗XIAP的作用,激活Caspase相关性的细胞凋亡内源性途径而诱导人胰腺癌细胞发生凋亡。     

Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols through modulating signal transduction pathways

The action mechanisms of several chemopreventive agents derived from herbal medicine and edible plants have become attractive issues in cancer research. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. Recently, the cancer chemopreventive actions of tea have been intensively investigated. It have been demonstrated that the active principles of tea were attributed to their tea polyphenols. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by tea and tea polyphenols. The suppression of various tumor biomarkers including growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptor kinases, PI3K, phosphatases, ras, raf, MAPK cascades, N x FB, I x B kinase, PKA, PKB, PKC, c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, cdks, cyclins, and related transducing proteins by tea polyphenols has been studied in our laboratory and others. The I x B kinase (IKK) activity in LPS-activated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) was found to be inhibited by various tea polyphenols including (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theaflavin (TF-1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3). TF-3 inhibited IKK activity in activated macrophages more strongly than did the other tea polyphenols. TF-3 inhibited both IKK1 and IKK2 activity and prevented the degradation of I x B x and I x B x in activated macrophage cells. The results suggested that the inhibition of IKK activity by TF-3 and other tea polyphenols could occur by a direct effect on IKKs or on upstream events in the signal transduction pathway. TF-3 and other tea polyphenols blocked phosphorylation of IB from the cytosolic fraction, inhibited NFB activity and inhibited increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in activated macrophage. TF-3 and other tea polyphenols also inhibited strongly the activities of xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C. These results suggest that TF-3 and other tea polyphenols may exert their cancer chemoprevention through suppressing tumor promotion and inflammation by blocking signal transduction. The mechanisms of this inhibition may be due to the blockade of the mitogenic and differentiating signals through modulating EGFR function, MAPK cascades, NFkappaB activation as well as c-myc, c-jun and c-fos expression.     

二氯乙酸钠联合顺铂诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞株凋亡的实验研究

目的研究二氯乙酸钠(Sodium dichloroacetate,DCA-Na)、顺铂(DDP)联合对人肺腺癌A549细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法用MTT法检测DCA-Na、DDP应用对A549细胞增殖抑制作用的影响;流式细胞仪(Annexin V-FITC/PI法)检测DCA-Na、DDP单药及两药联合作用于A549细胞凋亡率的变化;用分光光度法检测DCA-Na作用于A549细胞后半胱氨酸天门冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3、-8、-9蛋白的活性。结果DCA-Na、DDP单药组均对A549细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈明显的剂量-时间依赖性。0.4、2μg/mL的DDP与37.5、75、150μg/mL的DCA-Na联合作用A549细胞24、48、72 h后的抑制率显著高于同浓度DDP单药组(P<0.05),且2μg/mL的DDP与75μg/mL的DCA联合在48 h表现为协同作用。流式细胞仪检测显示,A549细胞联合组凋亡率显著高于各单药组(P<0.05)。DCA-Na作用于A549细胞后,分别在12、24、48、72 h测得Caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 DCA-Na对人肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖有抑制作用,并且随着药物浓度增加、作用时间延长,其抑制作用也增加(呈剂量和时间依赖性)。一定浓度范围的DCA-Na和DDP联合作用于人肺腺癌A549细胞能够产生协同作用。DCA-Na可诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡,且与DDP联合后其诱导凋亡作用更为显著。     

黄芩苷元选择性诱导人白血病K562细胞凋亡

目的研究黄芩苷元诱导人白血病细胞凋亡的作用及机理。方法MTT法测细胞毒活性，Hoechst 33258荧光染色法观察凋亡小体形成，流式细胞仪Annexin V FITC-PI法检测细胞凋亡发生率，PI染色法检测凋亡峰及细胞周期，同时流式细胞仪检测细胞Bcl-2，Fas和Caspase 3蛋白表达情况。结果黄芩苷元能选择性抑制人白血病K562细胞生长且呈浓度依赖关系，并能诱导细胞凋亡，细胞增殖被阻滞于S期；同时细胞Fas和Caspase 3蛋白表达增高，而Bcl-2蛋白表达不变。结论黄芩苷元能激活Caspase 3蛋白表达，诱导人白血病K562细胞凋亡且呈时效量效关系，此作用与Fas蛋白表达上调有关，与Bcl-2蛋白表达无关。