A new antioxidant compound from Capparis spinosa

An activity-directed fractionation and purification process was used to isolate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH?) scavenging components from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaeae). Ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed greater DPPH? scavenging activities compared to the petroleum ether fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to purification using column chromatography. A new antioxidant cappariside (4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid, 1), together with seven known organic acids (2–8) for the first time from plants of genus Capparis and four known organic acids (9–12) were isolated from C. spinosa. The structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic. In addition, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 12 indicated strong scavenging capacity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with a SC₅₀ value of 0.204?±?0.002, 0.007?±?0.0, 0.011?±?0.0, 0.044?±?0.0016, 0.032?±?0.0, 0.090?±?0.001, and 0.350?±?0.017?mM, respectively.     

气质联用法分析野西瓜果实的化学成分

目的 采用气质联用法(GC-MS)对刺山柑(Capparis spinosa)果实的化学成分进行分析。 方法 野西瓜药材经粉碎破壳、70%乙醇回流提取、石油醚(沸程60~90 ℃)萃取后,采用VF-5ms石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)进行气相色谱分析;柱温从80 ℃开始,保持2 min,以15 ℃/min的速度升到300 ℃,并保持10 min,气化温度为250 ℃;载气为高纯度氦气,流量为1.0 ml/min;质谱检测器为EI离子源,电子能量70 eV,离子源温度200 ℃,分流比30:1,进样量为1.0 μl。各成分的相对含量分析应用色谱峰面积归一法。 结果 共检测出53个峰,确认出其中48种成分,含量较高的物质有棕榈酸21.82%,硬脂酸7.49%,油酸42.93%,甘油单油酸酯2.39%,维生素E 1.67%等。化合物的类型主要为饱和脂肪酸酯、不饱和脂肪酸和烃类化合物。 结论 通过气质联用技术,为鉴定野西瓜果实中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、准确、灵敏的分析方法。     

膜叶槌果藤水提物镇痛抗炎作用的实验研究

目的：研究膜叶槌果藤水提物镇痛抗炎作用。方法：小鼠分别连续灌胃给予膜叶槌果藤水提物高、中、低剂量（10.88,5.44,2.72 g/kg）7 d,采用扭体法、福尔马林致痛模型、二甲苯致耳肿胀模型及腹腔毛细血管通透性实验,观察其镇痛抗炎作用。结果：膜叶槌果藤水提物可显著抑制冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数（P＜0.01）;对福尔马林致小鼠疼痛舔足第Ⅰ,Ⅱ时相累积时间均有显著减少（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有显著的抑制作用（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;对冰醋酸引起的毛细血管通透性也有显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01）。结论：膜叶槌果藤水提物具有显著的镇痛抗炎作用。     

槌果藤软膏治疗银屑病的实验研究

目的:观察槌果藤软膏对银屑病动物模型的疗效及其抗炎、止痒等作用。方法:观察计数小鼠尾部给药后鳞片表皮颗粒层形成情况;计数处于有丝分裂中期的阴道基底细胞有丝分裂数,并换算成有丝分裂指数;观察记录右旋糖苷致小鼠瘙痒次数及瘙痒持续时间;测定二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀程度;测定小鼠腹腔毛细血管炎性渗出。结果:槌果藤软膏对小鼠尾部鳞片表皮颗粒层的形成具有显著的促进作用;可明显抑制小鼠阴道上皮细胞有丝分裂;能明显缓解右旋糖苷引起的小鼠瘙痒;减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀程度并抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高。结论:槌果藤软膏对小鼠银屑病模型有显著的治疗作用,并具有抗炎、止痒等作用。     

刺山柑果实醇提物及不同萃取部位的抗炎与镇痛活性研究

目的：对刺山柑果实乙醇提取物及不同萃取部位的抗炎与镇痛活性部位进行筛选。方法：采用乙醇对刺山柑进行提取制备总提取物,用水溶解后分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯进行萃取得到石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和水溶性部位。以阿斯匹林为阳性对照药,分别采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验、热板法镇痛实验和醋酸扭体镇痛实验进行抗炎镇痛活性部位进行筛选。结果：结果显示乙酸乙酯部位和水溶性部位对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有明显抑制作用;乙酸乙酯部位对小鼠毛细血管通透性有明显抑制作用;乙酸乙酯部位和石油醚部位可显著提高小鼠热板痛阈值,而乙酸乙酯部位和水溶性部位则能明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数。结论：刺山柑果实具有潜在的抗炎和镇痛作用。     

野西瓜果皮中有机酸类化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究野西瓜(Capparis spinosa L.)果皮中有机酸类化学成分,为进一步阐明其抗炎抗菌活性成分、充分开发利用提供科学依据。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从野西瓜果皮中分离得到了6个有机酸类化合物,即香草酸(vanillic acid,1)、4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,3)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,4)、丁二酸(succinic acid,5)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,6);分离得到3个甾体类化合物为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8)、α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9)。结论化合物4、6、9为首次从山柑属植物中分离得到。     

维药刺山柑叶子中微量元素和氨基酸成分的研究

目的分析测定维药刺山柑叶子中的矿质元素和氨基酸成分。方法采用火焰分光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法分析测定了刺山柑叶子13种矿质元素,采用日立835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了叶子中的氨基酸成分。结果刺山柑叶子富含K,Ca,Mg,Na 4种常量元素和Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Ni,Co 6种微量元素,重金属元素Pb,Cr的含量均低于国家标准。刺山柑叶子中富含18种氨基酸成分,其中包括7种人体必需氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为17.88%。结论维药刺山柑叶子富含矿质元素和氨基酸,具有潜在的开发价值。     

荒漠药用植物刺山柑产地适宜性数值分析

目的:分析荒漠药用植物刺山柑产地适宜性。方法:应用"中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(TCMGIS)",以新疆东部吐鲁番地区及新疆南部野生刺山柑分布区的生态因子为依据,分析刺山柑在全国适宜产地。结果:新疆、内蒙古、甘肃、青海、宁夏5省区分布着刺山柑的适宜产区,共包括183个县市,总面积为1 251 361 km2。其中新疆北疆东部和新疆南部、内蒙古阿拉善高原、甘肃河西走廊北部、宁夏中北部是刺山柑适宜分布集中区。结论:刺山柑适宜区分析结果覆盖了第3次全国中药资源普查记载的全部区域,并且与历代本草记载的刺山柑产地及现代刺山柑引种的成功实践相吻合,对荒漠药材刺山柑的引种栽培及科学区划具有重要的参考价值。     

野西瓜总生物碱诱导 HepG2 细胞凋亡与［Ca2+］i 变化的相关性

目的 探讨野西瓜总生物碱 (Capparis spinosa alkaloid, CSA) 对人肝癌 HepG2 细胞的杀伤和诱导凋亡的作用机制。方法 MTT 法研究 CSA 对人肝癌 HepG2 的杀伤作用;荧光显微镜观察 HepG2 细胞形态;流式细胞仪研究 CSA 对 HepG2 细胞的凋亡诱导作用;激光共聚焦显微镜检测 CSA 对 HepG2 细胞内［Ca²⁺］_i 的影响。结果 CSA 对人肝癌 HepG2 有明显细胞毒性作用,并且有剂量依赖性,IC₅₀ 为 142.82 μg/mL;HepG2 细胞在 CSA 作用后出现特征性凋亡形态特征,凋亡细胞比率明显高于自然凋亡率;且阻断细胞由S期向 G₂ 期的移行,CSA 明显升高 HepG2 细胞［Ca²⁺］_i,并与药物质量浓度呈量效正相关。结论 CSA 对人肝癌 HepG2 有明显的杀伤和促凋亡作用,其机制可能与 CSA 造成肿瘤细胞内钙离子超载有关。     

Antiallergic and antihistaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis spinosa L. flowering buds

The antiallergic properties of two lyophilized extracts obtained from Capparis spinosa L. flowering buds (capers) by methanol extraction, carried out at room temperature (CAP-C) or with heating at 60 degrees C (CAP-H), were investigated.The protective effects of CAP-H and CAP-C, orally administered (14.28 mg[sol ]kg), were evaluated against Oleaceae antigen challenge-induced and histamine-induced bronchospasm in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Furthermore, the histamine skin prick test was performed on humans, applying a gel formulation containing 2% CAP-C (the only extract able to protect against histamine-induced bronchospasm) on the skin for 1 h before histamine application and monitoring the erythema by reflectance spectrophotometry.The CAP-H showed a good protective effect against the bronchospasm induced by antigen challenge in sensitized guinea-pigs; conversely, a significant decrease in the responsiveness to histamine was seen only in CAP-C pretreated animals. Finally, the CAP-C gel formulation possessed a marked inhibitory effect (46.07%) against histamine-induced skin erythema.These two caper extracts displayed marked antiallergic effectiveness; however, the protective effect of CAP-H was very likely due to an indirect mechanism (for example, inhibition of mediator release from mast cells or production of arachidonic acid metabolites); conversely, CAP-C is endowed with direct antihistaminic properties. The different mechanisms of action of CAP-H and CAP-C may be related to a difference in the extraction procedure and, thus, in their qualitative[sol ]quantitative chemical profile.