雷公藤双层栓的研制

介绍了雷公藤双层栓的制备和质量检查。雷公藤双层栓的上层为空白层,下层为含药层。空白层可有效地阻止后端所释药物向上扩散,从而避免相当部分药物经门肝系统吸收,因此可明显提高其生物利用度。     

TECHNIQUES AND PITFALLS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL TUMORS

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors is steadily being developed. Safety and standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors have not been yet established because of the technical difficulties and the unsuitable anatomical characteristics of the colon and rectum. The authors mainly use a Flex knife for mucosal incision and a Hook knife for submucosal dissection to perform ESD safely. Skillful colonoscopic control, selection of scope, distal attachment tip hood, adequate high‐frequency generator and correct approach strategy should all be considered for safe performance of ESD. However, the incidence of indicative lesions is rare because the majority of colorectal tumors are adenomatous large laterally spreading tumors, which can be cured by intentional endoscopic piecemeal resection. At present, ESD for colorectal tumors should be performed only at central facilities that have expert colonoscopists. With the development of new devices and associated techniques, technical standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors is expected in the near future.     

疱疹样脓疱病七例报告

报告7例疱疹样脓疱病,并分析指出本病发生与妊娠、低血钙无明显关系,同意该病区别于典型的泛发性脓疱性银屑病。雷公藤单用或并用皮质激素有较好效果,亦应重视雷公藤的副作用。     

雷公藤生物碱的分离鉴定

我们从雷公藤（ＴｒｉｐｔｅｒｙｇｉｕｍＷｉｌｆｏｒｄｉｉＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．）中按常法分离得到总碱后经ＨＰＬＣ分析出现８个峰，经硅胶柱层析及硅胶ＲＰ－１８反相中压柱层析分离得到５个生物碱，由化学方法和光谱分析证明为雷公藤吉碱（Ｗｉｌｆｏｒｇｉｎｅ２０）．雷公藤次碱（Ｗｉｌｆｏｒｉｎｅ２１），雷公藤春碱（Ｗｉｌｆｏｒｔｒｉｎｅ２２），雷公藤碱戊（Ｗｉｌｆｏｒｉｄｉｎｅ２３），呋喃南蛇碱（Ｃｅｌａｆｕｒｉｎｅ１６）。ＨＰＬＣ分析指出含量最高为雷公藤吉碱，其次为呋喃南蛇碱。     

MRI of bilateral bipartite hamulus: a case report

Normal skeletal variants are a common occurrence in clinical practice and may lead to misinterpretation. As part of a case control study investigating the carpal tunnel, our asymptomatic and voluntary participant underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of both wrists from the metacarpal bases to the distal radiocarpal joint. The imaging techniques included spin echo (SE), turbo spin echo (TSE) and fast field echo (FFE) sequences using 4 mm-slice thickness. As an incidental finding bipartite hamulus was detected bilaterally. The anomaly was evident in both hamuli with similar MRI characteristics. The congenital origin was further supported by the absence of trauma or surgery to the wrists. In this case report the authors discuss the anatomical variant, bilateral bipartite hook of the hamate, and demonstrate the reliability of contiguous slices of MR axial slices in displaying an anatomical variant of the carpus. This normal variant of the hamate is not commonly encountered in MR imaging of the wrist and can be misinterpreted as fracture or post-traumatic sequelae. Images of the normal hamulus are presented for comparison.     

雷公藤多甙对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠ICAM-1的影响

目的:探讨口服雷公藤多甙对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis AA)的治疗作用,以及对外周淋巴器官中细胞黏附分子ICAM-1水平的影响.方法:制备大鼠AA模型,应用免疫组化法检测口服和未口服雷公藤多甙的大鼠淋巴器官中ICAM-1水平的变化;观察口服雷公藤多甙前后关节的肿胀度.结果:口服雷公藤多甙的AA大鼠的外周淋巴器官中ICAM-1的水平明显低于未口服雷公藤多甙的AA大鼠,关节炎症状明显改善.结论:口服雷公藤多甙可以有效降低ICAM-1水平,从而治疗佐剂性关节炎.     

Skin tests and blood leukocyte histamine release of patients with allergies to laboratory animals

Skin tests and in vitro histamine-release reactions were used to evaluate 130 patients observed in an employee allergy clinic at a biomedical research facility. The allergens used included extracts from pollens (ragweed, grasses, trees, weeds), molds, mixed feathers, house dust, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and hamster. Of all patients, 66% complained of allergic symptoms on laboratory animal exposure, although only 52% worked directly with animals. Among patients with symptoms, 91% were positive by skin test to at least one laboratory animal, and 46% had asthma. The median length of exposure to laboratory animals before onset of symptoms was 2.8 yr with 60% of the patients developing their symptoms within 3 yr. Among patients who had allergic symptoms before exposure to laboratory animals, 79% were skin test positive to laboratory animals when they were evaluated in this study. There was a close association found between the skin test and histamine-release results with the laboratory animal allergens: 91% of the 4+ skin reactors had leukocytes positive for histamine release versus 5% of the leukocyte donors with less than 1+ skin reactions. A close relationship in positive reactions to different laboratory animal allergens was also found. For example, individuals positive to mouse were positive also to rat (95%), rabbit (79%), guinea pig (83%), and hamster (88%). Patients who reacted to laboratory animals also reacted to some extent to house dust and cat and dog allergens, and about one half of the animal-allergic individuals reacted to pollens. Although nonpollen-allergic individuals can develop sensitivity to laboratory animals, the group at higher risk are allergic individuals, especially those sensitive to house dust, cats, or dogs.     

雷公藤多甙片加益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病

目的探讨IgM相关性肾小球疾病的治疗。方法53例患者分为雷公藤多甙片组(A组)和雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血(B组)治疗,疗程2个月。结果两组治疗前后尿蛋白均下降（P＜0．05）,组间比较则B组降低更明显(P＜0．05)。尿红细胞均有减少,A组P＞0．05,B组P＜0．05;组间比较P＜0．05。结论雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病较单用雷公藤多甙片疗效显著提高。认为辨病辨证相结合组方用药,能够提高疗效。     

中药紫株的化学成分研究

目的：研究紫株Callicarpa pedunculata R.Brown的化学成分。方法：利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过各种理化方法及光谱（IR,MS,^1HNMR,^13CNMR)分析鉴定其化学结构。结果：从紫株全草的氯仿提取物中分离得到10种化合物,分别鉴定为：4个二萜类化合物：14α－羟基－7,15－异松烷二烯－18烷酸（14α－hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid,Ⅰ）;16α,17-二羟基－3－氧－扁枝杉烷（16α,17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-phyllocladane,Ⅱ）;8,11,13,15-四烯松香烷－18－烷酸（8,11,13,15-abietatraen-18-oic acid,Ⅲ）;6α-羟基尼刀瑞尔醇（6α-hydroxy nidorellol,Ⅳ）;2个黄酮类化合物5－羟基－3,4‘,7-三甲氧基黄酮（5－hydroxy-3,4‘,7-trimethoxyflavone,Ⅴ）;3,5-二甲基莰非醇（3,5－dimethylkaempherol,Ⅵ）;其余的分别为：熊果酸（ursolic acid,Ⅶ）,肌醇（myoinositol, Ⅷ）,β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,Ⅸ）,β-香树素（β－amyrin, Ⅹ）。结论：化合物Ⅰ-Ⅵ为首次从该种植物中分离得到,且化合物Ⅰ-Ⅳ分别为4种不同类型的二萜。熊果酸的含量高达1％,本植物可作为其资源植物。     

岗梅全长转录组测序及其三萜皂苷生物合成相关基因的挖掘

目的:获得岗梅全长转录组数据库,为深入挖掘岗梅功能基因奠定基础。方法:采用基于PacBio Sequel平台的单分子实时测序技术获取岗梅的根、茎、叶样品的转录组数据,并利用非冗余蛋白(NR)、核苷酸序列(NT)、SwissProt蛋白序列数据库、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)、真核生物相邻类的聚簇(KOG)、蛋白家族(Pfam)、基因本体(GO)进行注释,分析并鉴定编码三萜皂苷生物合成的关键酶的转录本。结果:全长转录组共获得89629个转录本,其中81313个在公共数据库进行了注释。KEEG代谢通路富集分析表明,623个转录本参与岗梅中三萜皂苷合成相关的3条代谢通路,其中263个转录本编码了三萜皂苷生物合成途径的21个关键酶。此外,还预测了2471个转录因子、40421个简单重复序列位点、22119个长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和29131个mRNA。结论:丰富了岗梅的转录组数据,并为鉴定参与三萜皂苷和其他次生代谢物生物合成的候选基因提供参考,促进其分子生物学和基因组学的研究。