High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy detects gastric mucosal changes in dyspeptic-patients

BACKGROUND Accurate detection of gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) and premalignant lesions are important for effective provision of treatment,preventing the development of gastric neoplasia.Optical enhancement systems with optical magnification improved the identification of mucosal superficial and vascular patterns in patients with dyspepsia.AIM To evaluate an optical enhancement system with high-definition magnification,for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa,H.pylori-associated gastritis,and gastric atrophy.METHODS A cross-sectional,nonrandomized study from November 2015 to April 2016 performed in a single-tertiary academic center from Ecuador.Seventy-two consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia according to the Rome III criteria,were tested for H.pylori using a stool antigen test and were assigned to an Hp+group or an Hp-control group.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with highdefinition optical magnification and digital chromoendoscopy was performed,and patients were classified into 4 groups,in accordance to the microvasculararchitecture pattern of the mucosa.Interobserver and intraobserver agreement among operators were calculated.RESULTS Of the 72 participants,35 were Hp+ and 37 were Hp-.Among 10 patients with normal mucosal histology in biopsy samples,90% had a Type I pattern of microvascular architecture by endoscopy.Among participants with type IIa and type IIb patterns,significantly more were Hp+ than Hp-(32 vs 8),and most(31 out of 40) had histological diagnoses of chronic active gastritis.Two of the three participants with a histological diagnosis of atrophy had a type III microvascular pattern.The type I pattern predicted normal mucosa,type IIa–IIb predicted H.pylori infection,and type III predicted atrophy with sensitivities of 90.0%,91.4%,and 66.7%,respectively.The intraobserver and interobserver agreements had kappa values of 0.91 and 0.89,respectively.CONCLUSION High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy is useful for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa and H.pylori-associated gastritis with high accuracy,but further studies are needed to determine whether endoscopic diagnosis of gastric atrophy is feasible.     

简易颅颌固定技术与传统方法治疗上颌骨骨折的临床对比研究

目的 探讨颅颌固定技术治疗上颌骨骨折的临床效果。方法 对20例上颌骨骨折住院病人，随机分为两组，分别采用传统颅颌固定技术和简易颅颌固定技术治疗，进行临床研究。结果 简易颅颌固定技术效果明显优于传统颅颌固定技术。结论 简易颅颌固定技术效果可靠，简单易行，能够恢复患者正常咬合关系和正常生理功能，病人容易接受。     

中药配合针刺治疗慢性胃炎131例临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨针药结合及单纯中药治疗慢性胃炎的临床疗效。方法 :1 31例慢性胃炎患者采用针药结合治疗 ,4 7例慢性胃炎患者采用单纯中药治疗 ,1 5d为 1疗程 ,共治疗 3个疗程 ;治疗前后分别记录临床症状及胃镜结果。结果 :1 31例经服中药及针刺治疗 4 5天 ,临床症状明显好转 ,胃粘膜病变明显改善 ,总有效率为91 . 7%;4 7例单纯服用中药治疗 4 5天 ,临床症状明显好转 ,胃粘膜病变改善明显 ,总有效率为 71 . 1 %;两组经统计学分析有显著差异 (P <0 . 0 1 ) ;针药结合组、中药组 ,胃镜结果显示 ,胃粘膜病变程度均有不同的好转 ,但针药结合组疗效明显优于单纯中药组 (P <0 . 0 1 )。结论 :针药结合及单纯服用中药对慢性胃炎临床症状、胃粘膜的修复均有不同程度的改善作用 ,但针药结合组疗效明显优于单纯中药治疗组 ,提示临床治疗各型慢性胃炎 ,应以综合治疗为主。     

Heterotopic ossification in the anterior maxilla: a case report and review of the literature

A 13-year-old boy had complained of an asymptomatic swelling in the anterior maxilla for approximately 4 years. The patient reported no local trauma. The intra-oral examination revealed an exophytic lesion in the incisive papilla between the maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth. The radiographies detected no significant findings. Histopathologically, the lesion showed a dense fibrous tissue above the overlying mucosa. Bone ossification lay beneath a partially hypertrophic cartilage showing occasionally pleomorphic chondrocytes. Because of its microscopic aspects, heterotopic ossification may be mistaken for chondrosarcoma or other conditions involving periosteum, such as parosteal osteosarcoma. A case of heterotopic ossification in the anterior maxilla is presented, and clinicopathologic similarities with other osteochondromatous lesions are discussed.     

鼻内孔缩小术治疗重度萎缩性鼻炎：附56例报告

采用鼻内孔缩小术治疗重度萎缩性鼻炎５６例，手术前后行组织病理学，鼻粘膜细胞学及鼻粘膜组织化学检查，并相比较，结果表明，术后３个月有效率为８９％，术后２年有效率为８０％远期１０年以上，有效率为６３％，并对鼻内孔缩小术的理论依据，缩小程度及手术的优点等进行讨论。     

颌面部狗咬伤的临床处理

目的 结合病例讨论颌面部狗咬伤后特点及临床处理。方法 本组19例,男18例,女1例;13岁以下17例。8天后就诊者给予抗感染及换药治疗,其余均行清创缝合,组织缺损者行拉拢缝合、全厚皮移植、皮瓣转移、唇颊及鼻沟组织瓣转移修复。常规注射破伤风抗毒素及狂犬疫苗。结果 8天后就诊者瘢痕愈合,2例轻度感染,其他均Ⅰ期愈合,无破伤风及狂犬病感染。结论 患者多为儿童,均为撕裂伤,就诊时要注意全身情况,彻底清创的同时,要尽可能保留组织;组织复位要准确,及时修复缺损,防止感染,减轻面部畸形。     

Clinical observation on acupuncture treatment of 36 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis

目的:观察针灸结合治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效.方法:慢性萎缩性胃炎患者36例,按中医辩证,分型施以针灸治疗.治疗前及治疗后均进行胃镜、体表胃电图、胃酸和胃蛋白酶、血中胃泌素、血中前列腺素E及胃粘膜胃泌素细胞等理化指标检查.结果:针灸治疗本病有较好的效果,显效好转率达97.2%,临床症状消失率达97.0%.治疗后可使患者血中前列腺素E等防御性因子增强,使患者从胃内低酸转向正常状态,胃动力功能增强,胃电图幅值回升,并可促使胃泌素释放,有利于胃酸的分泌.结论:针灸治疗萎缩性胃炎简便经济,无副作用,见效快,疗效肯定,可重复性强,具有一定的临床意义.     

Surveillance of patients with gastric precancerous conditions

Intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma arises from a multistep process starting with Helicobacter pylori infection followed by gastric atrophy, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.Indeed, patients with gastric precancerous conditions or lesions (GPC) are at increased risk to develop gastric cancer even in regions with low incidence. Thus, the identification and surveillance of a high risk subgroup could lead to the diagnosis of cancer at early stage and improve survival. However, both endoscopic and histological accuracy and interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of GPC are still far from optimal. Also, there are conceptual differences between the West and the East in the diagnosis and surveillance of patients. In the former, multiple gastric biopsies are still recommended but Eastern gastroenterologists select patients to surveillance according to the results of endoscopy or serology.In this literature review we describe the cascade of GPC and we highlight the differences between eastern and western clinical practice.