The influence of bariatric surgery on hip and knee joint pain: a systematic review

Obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis and the chance of needing joint replacement arthroplasty to reduce lower limb joint pain. Although nonsurgical weight loss interventions can reduce hip and knee joint pain, bariatric surgery may be a more feasible treatment option for people with severe obesity. However, it is unclear whether weight loss through bariatric surgery can positively influence hip and knee joint pain. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of bariatric surgery on hip and knee joint pain in people with obesity by conducting a systematic review of the literature. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane bibliographic databases were searched for studies published between 1947 and September 2019. Risk of bias of the identified studies was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using JBI’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review included 23 studies, all of which evaluated knee pain and 9 of which also evaluated hip pain. Reported results regarding hip pain intensity and the proportion of participants with hip pain were too limited to draw useful conclusions. Reported results regarding knee pain suggest that weight loss after bariatric surgery reduced knee pain intensity, as well as the proportion of participants with knee pain. The overall risk of bias of the majority of included studies (83%; n = 19) was judged to be unclear to high. Four small studies were judged as having a low risk of bias. Results of this systematic review suggest that bariatric surgery can positively influence hip and knee joint pain, but conclusive evidence is lacking because most of the included studies were judged as having plausible bias overall and in their key domains. Well-designed randomized controlled trials evaluating the influence of bariatric surgery on hip and knee joint pain using standardized joint pain measures are needed.     

肝豆状核变性骨密度测定与骨关节症状的研究

目的 探讨肝豆状核变性(HLD)骨密度测定及临床骨关节症状。方法 216例HLD中内脏型63例、脑型102例、脑-内脏型51例，分析各型骨密度值、血钙、24h尿钙及骨关节病变。结果 99例(45.83％)骨密度减低，51例(23．61％)有骨关节症状，20例(9．26％)以骨关节症状首发。结论 HLD可出现继发性骨质疏松症，骨密度测定可较早期地发现骨关节损害，有助于预防和减少骨关节变形和骨折。     

Management of painful temporomandibular joint clicking with different intraoral devices and counseling: a controlled study

Objective

The benefit of the use of some intraoral devices in arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients is still unknown. This study assessed the effectiveness of the partial use of intraoral devices and counseling in the management of patients with disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and arthralgia.

Materials and Methods

A total of 60 DDWR and arthralgia patients were randomly divided into three groups: group I (n=20) wore anterior repositioning occlusal splints (ARS); group II (n=20) wore the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Clenching Suppression System devices (NTI-tss); and group III (n=20) only received counseling for behavioral changes and self-care (the control group). The first two groups also received counseling. Follow-ups were performed after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In these sessions, patients were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale, pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), maximum range of motion and TMJ sounds. Possible adverse effects were also recorded, such as discomfort while using the device and occlusal changes. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey’s and Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%.

Results

Groups I and II showed improvement in pain intensity at the first follow-up. This progress was recorded only after 3 months in Group III. Group II showed an increased in joint sounds frequency. The PPT values, mandibular range of motion and the number of occlusal contacts did not change significantly.

Conclusion

The simultaneous use of intraoral devices (partial time) plus behavioral modifications seems to produce a more rapid pain improvement in patients with painful DDWR. The use of NTI-tss could increase TMJ sounds. Although intraoral devices with additional counseling should be considered for the management of painful DDWR, dentists should be aware of the possible side effects of the intraoral device’s design.     

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the femoral cartilage thickness in patients with chronic renal failure

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF) on the distal femoral cartilage thickness by using ultrasonography and to determine the relationship between cartilage thickness and certain disease-related parameters. Design Fifty-seven CRF patients (41 male and 16 female) (mean [SD] age, 44.7 [12.1] years) and 60 healthy controls (41 male and 19 female) (mean [SD] age, 43.5 [13.3] years) were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Cartilage thickness measurements were taken from the medial and lateral condyles, and intercondylar areas of both knees. Results Groups were similar in terms of age, weight, height, body mass index and gender (all p>0.05). The mean cartilage thickness was found to be less in CRF patients than in controls (statistically significant for medial condyles and intercondylar areas both in right and the left knees [all p<0.05]). Cartilage thickness showed no correlation with eGFR, and with the levels of serum urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphor, hemoglobin, uric acid and as well as steroid use (all p>0.05) in CRF patients. Conclusion In the light of our findings, we imply that patients with CRF have thinner femoral cartilage than healthy controls. This result may support the view that patients with CRF are at increased risk for developing early knee osteoarthritis. Last but not least, clinicians should be aware of the importance of rehabilitation strategies aimed at decreasing onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis in patients with CRF.     

筋痹论述对筋伤疾病诊治的思考

“筋痹”一名,在《黄帝内经》中即有记载,属于五体痹的一种.在临床多将颈椎病、颈肩背筋膜炎、强直性脊柱炎等归属于“筋痹”范畴[1-3].笔者通过查阅检索期刊文献发现,现代医家对“筋痹”的概念、病因病机、证治方药、转归预后及与现代相关疾病关系的论述并不多.本文通过整理古代文献,从古代医家对“筋痹”的理解认识入手,讨论“筋痹”与“筋伤”关系,为丰富治疗“筋伤”疾病手段,提高治疗效果提供新的思路.     

膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后恢复不良患者应用复元活血汤对临床效果、膝关节疼痛和膝关节功能的影响

目的探讨膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后恢复不良患者应用复元活血汤对临床疗效、膝关节疼痛和膝关节功能的影响。方法选取2017年10月—2019年4月收治的膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后恢复不良98例,根据治疗方法的不同,分为观察组和对照组,每组各49例。对照组予常规康复治疗,观察组在此基础上加用复元活血汤,均治疗60 d。记录治疗后临床疗效,采用Lysholm评分评估治疗前与治疗后15、30、60 d的膝关节功能,利用视觉模拟评分(visual analog score,VAS)评估治疗前与治疗后15、30、60 d的膝关节疼痛程度,比较治疗后关节肿胀程度、大腿萎缩程度及膝关节活动度,观察不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.780,P=0.029)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后15、30、60 d的VAS降低及Lysholm评分升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后15、30、60 d的VAS显著下降,观察组治疗后15、30、60 d及对照组治疗后30、60 d的Lysholm评分均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后关节肿胀程度、大腿萎缩程度降低,膝关节活动度升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组1例出现恶心、食欲减退等不良反应,停药后症状好转;对照组未出现明显不良反应。结论复元活血汤具有活血祛瘀之功效,可有效缓解膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后恢复不良患者的膝关节疼痛,改善膝关节功能,且安全可靠。     

创伤后踝关节慢性疼痛的关节镜诊治

目的：探讨对创伤后慢性踝关节疼痛患者行关节镜检查的诊断和治疗价值。方法：自1999年4月至2008年6月,收治39例创伤后踝关节慢性疼痛的患者,男15例,女24例;年龄15～58岁,平均32岁。病程2个月～11年,平均18个月,其中X线显示受伤时骨折脱位者26例。均行关节镜检查,明确关节内病变状况,并对相应病变行镜下清理术,采用美国足踝外科学会（AOFAS）后足踝评分表对手术前后功能状况进行评分。结果：软骨损伤及退变26例,游离体形成3例,撞击综合征21例。引起主要撞击的组织有：滑膜增生3例;韧带断裂后断端撞击10例,包括距腓前韧带断裂7例,下胫腓韧带前内侧束远端断裂3例;半月板样组织撞击6例;骨软骨增生撞击3例。平均随访（14.2±8.4）个月（5～36个月）,术后关节功能AOFAS评分由术前的平均（59.7±16.9）分改善为（68.8±21.2）分,其中主观评分改善更为明显,术前平均（22.8±10.0）分,术后（29.5±12.1）分。结论：对于踝关节损伤后慢性疼痛患者,尤其是X线无骨折脱位者,及时行关节镜检查,有助于明确关节内具体病变状况,且术中一并进行关节清理,能显著改善关节功能。     

电热针为主治疗痹证的临床研究

目的：研究以电热针治疗风寒湿痹及虚痹的疗效。方法：将电热针与毫针分别应用到30例痹证患者2个疗程中,详细观察其局部症状、VAS、血沉、CRP、抗“O”的改善情况。结果：以电热针治疗痹证及虚痹的有效率96．7％,毫针有效率80．0％。结论：电热针及毫针治疗痹证的方法可广泛应用到临床治疗当中。