清热解毒液雾化吸入防治留置胃管致咽喉部不适的疗效观察

目的观察清热解毒液(中药制剂)雾化吸入对防治留置胃管致咽喉部疼痛、痰多等不适的效果。方法将80例需要留置胃管的胃肠减压的病人随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组按常规的方法进行护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加用20毫升清热解毒液雾化吸入,每日2次,持续到拔除胃管。结果观察组病人的咽喉部痰量明显比对照组少(χ2=9.0383,P<0.005);观察组病人咽喉部疼痛明显比对照组少而且轻(χ2=19.5267,P<0.005),时间还推后。结论清热解毒液雾化吸入能有效预防及减轻留置胃管致咽喉部的疼痛、咽燥、痰多等不适。     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

针刺大椎穴对感冒高热患者临床症状的综合评价

目的：探讨治疗感冒高热及其-临床相关症状的有效针灸疗法。方法：按照随机化和多中心-临床试验原则，将列入统计病例276例随机分为治疗组（138例）和对照组（138例），治疗组采用电针大椎穴，治疗组采用安痛定注射液，观察24小时的即时退热效果及临床疗效。结果：治疗组治疗后各时点体温均低于对照组（P〈0．01）；治疗组治疗后相关症状积分在3～24h低于对照组（19〈0．05）；治疗组起效时间（1．42±1．79）h较对照组（3．44±5．10）h短（19〈0．01）。治疗组恶寒、肢体酸痛、头痛、汗出的起效时间较对照组短（P〈0．01）；治疗组恶寒、头痛的痊愈时间较对照组短（P〈0．05）。两组患者24小时综合疗效间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：针刺大椎穴治疗感冒高热疗效确切，能够明显改善恶寒、肢体酸痛、头痛、汗出等症状，提高治疗感冒的综合疗效。     

银屑宁胶囊抗炎清热作用的药理研究

目的：探讨银屑宁胶囊的抗炎清热作用。方法：银屑宁胶囊灌胃大小鼠一段时间后，用二甲苯诱发小鼠耳廓部急性炎性水肿和小鼠腹部皮肤毛细血管通透性亢进，将新鲜蛋清和鹿角菜胶悬液大鼠皮下注射造成其足跖肿胀，同时用2，4-硝基苯酚溶液和干酵母悬液诱发大鼠全身发热。结果：银屑宁胶囊对大鼠鹿角菜胶，蛋清性足肿胀及小鼠二甲苯所致的耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用，可明显拮抗小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性亢进。同时能明显抑制干酵母及2，4-二硝基苯酚所引起的大鼠全身性发热。结论：银屑宁胶囊具有良好的抗炎清热作用。     

脑热清口服液解热抗炎作用的实验研究

目的：观察脑热清口服液的解热和抗炎作用。方法：分别利用细菌内毒素和2，4-二硝基苯酚制备家兔感染性和非感染性发热模型，观察脑热清口服液的解热作用；采用二甲苯、H^＋等致炎因子引起的小鼠急性渗出性炎症，研究其抗炎的作用。结果：脑热清口服液能显著降低细菌内毒素引起的家兔感染性发热模型和2，4-二硝基苯酚致家兔非感染性发热模型动物的体温；对二甲苯、H^＋等致炎因子引起的小鼠急性渗出性炎症，有明显的抑制作用。结论：脑热清口服液对急性炎症反应有明显的抑制作用；对感染和非感染因素引起的发热反应均有明显的解热作用。     

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-ulcerogenic Activities of Chantaleela Recipe

Chantaleela recipe is indicated for relieving fever in Thai traditional folk medicine. In the present study, Chantaleela recipe was investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-ulcerogenic activities. In preliminary investigation Chantaleela recipe was found to exert an inhibitory activity on the acute phase of inflammation as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema as well as in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Chantaleela recipe may be due to an inhibition via cyclooxygenase pathway. In the analgesic test, Chantaleela recipe showed a significant analgesic activity in both the early and late phases of formalin test, but exerted the most pronounced effect in the late phase. The analgesic activity of Chantaleela recipe may act via mechanism at peripheral and partly central nervous system. In antipyretic test, Chantaleela recipe significantly decreased rectal temperature of brewer''s yeast-induced hyperthermia rats, probably by inhibiting synthesis and/or release of prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus. Therefore, the key mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity of the Chantaleela recipe likely involves the inhibition of the synthesis and/or release of inflammatory or pain mediators, especially prostaglandins. The oral administration of the Chantaleela recipe reduced ulcer formation in acute gastric ulcer models (EtOH/HCl-, indomethacin-, and stress-induced gastric lesions). In contrast, this recipe did not reduce the secretory rate, total acidity, and increase pH in rat stomach. These results indicated that Chantaleela seem to possess anti-ulcerogenic effect. This activity may be due to the increase of gastric mucosal resistance or potentiation of defensive factors and/or the decrease of aggressive factors but did not associate the anti-secretory activity. Moreover, the high oral doses treated did not cause acute toxicity in rats and the long term oral administration did not produce gastric and ileum lesions.     

我院门诊解热镇痛抗炎药物应用分析

目的分析门诊解热镇痛抗炎药物的使用情况,以期为临床合理选择解热镇痛抗炎药物提供参考。方法采用金额统计法,回顾性统计2016年6月门诊各类解热镇痛抗炎药物应用情况,对解热镇痛抗炎药物销售金额、构成比、各用药科室使用频率及其排序进行分析。结果 2016年6月门诊使用解热镇痛抗炎药物处方总金额为30 682.40元,占门诊药品销售总金额的1.17%;塞来昔布胶囊总销售金额排在解热镇痛抗炎药物第一位占47.33%;门诊解热镇痛抗炎药物使用频率最高的是外科门诊。结论解热镇痛抗炎药物合理使用疗效显著,不合理使用可导致严重不良反应。临床医师应正确合理地选择解热镇痛抗炎药物,更好地为患者的健康服务。     

复方银花解毒颗粒对干酵母诱导幼鼠发热模型的退热作用研究

目的：研究复方银花解毒颗粒对干酵母所致幼龄大鼠发热模型的解热作用,为复方银花解毒颗粒的儿童给药剂量提供参考。方法：将SPF级3-5周龄幼年雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、布洛芬组、复方银花解毒颗粒低中高三个剂量组（给药剂量分别为2.5、5、10 g·kg-1）。各组灌胃给药,连续7天,末次给药1 h后皮下注射干酵母混悬液制备发热模型,造模后于不同时间点分别测定肛温。检测血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量以及下丘脑内cAMP水平。Western blot检测下丘脑炎症信号相关COX2的含量,并检测NF-κB的核转录情况,检测相关IκBα磷酸化水平变化。结果：造模后2~4 h,布洛芬、复方银花解毒颗粒高剂量组（10 g·kg-1）均能抑制发热大鼠体温升高,在3 h时体温降低效果显著;造模3h后,与模型组比较,复方银花解毒颗粒低剂量组（2.5 g·kg-1）能显著降低IL-6、IL-1β水平;复方银花解毒颗粒中剂量组（5 g·kg-1）、高剂量组（10 g·kg-1）能显著降低IL-6、TNF-α含量。复方银花解毒颗粒高剂量组（10 g·kg-1）下丘脑内NF-κB、IκBα、COX2蛋白表达量与模型组相比也显著下降。结论：复方银花解毒颗粒能有效降低发热模型幼鼠的体温,降低体内炎症因子水平,其退热机制可能与cAMP信号转导通路和NFκB信号通路有关。     

基于血浆代谢组学的蒙药三臣小儿退热贴膏解热作用机制研究

目的基于血浆代谢组学探究蒙药三臣小儿退热贴膏的解热作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阿司匹林(100mg/kg)组以及三臣小儿退热贴膏高、中、低剂量(16、8、4mg/kg)组和空白基质贴膏组,模型组和各给药组采用干酵母法建立发热模型,造模后第4、7小时各给药组给予相应药物进行干预,造模后每小时测量1次大鼠体温。采集造模后10 h大鼠血浆,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-QE-MS)法并结合多元统计分析,检测各组大鼠血浆代谢相关生物标志物的变化。结果造模4h后模型组大鼠体温显著升高(P0.01),造模后5h三臣小儿退热贴膏组大鼠体温显著降低(P0.01),呈剂量相关性。基于代谢组学发现模型组大鼠血浆中7种潜在的生物标志物发生明显变化,分别为酮亮氨酸、鞘磷脂[d17∶1/24∶1(15Z)]、鞘磷脂[d18∶1/24∶1(15Z)]、鞘磷脂[d18∶1/18∶1(9Z)]、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/14∶0)、磷脂酰胆碱(18∶0/15∶0)、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/16∶0);三臣小儿退热贴膏组大鼠血浆中上述7种生物标志物含量均显著回调,且牛磺酸和异柠檬酸含量升高。代谢通路分析显示,三臣小儿退热贴膏能够影响牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、乙醛酸和二元酸代谢、柠檬酸循环、氨基酸代谢、初级胆汁酸生物合成、α-亚麻酸代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、鞘脂代谢等多种代谢通路。结论三臣小儿退热贴膏对干酵母致发热大鼠模型具有较好的解热作用,其药效与阿司匹林相当,其解热机制与酶抑制、脂肪代谢、氨基酸及能量代谢等多通路协同作用有关。     

Antinociceptive,Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of the Leaf Methanol Extract of Ruta Graveolens L. (Rutaceae) in Mice and Rats

Background

Ruta graveolens has been used to treat toothache, earache, rheumatism and fever with little scientific evidence corroborating these uses.

Materials and Methods

The leaf methanol extract of Ruta graveolens was evaluated for antinociceptive activity using the acetic acid writhing and hot-plate tests in mice, also anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities using the carrageenan-induced oedema and E. coli-induced pyrexia tests in rats, respectively.

Results

R. graveolens (100 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes by 54 %. R. graveolens (400 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly delayed the reaction time in mice to thermal stimulation 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after treatment. Combined treatment of the lowest and sub-effective doses of the leaf methanol extract (25 mg/kg, i.p.), and indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice. The leaf methanol extract of R. graveolens (50 – 400 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reduced carrageenan-induced oedema over the 4 h period of testing. Combined treatment of the lowest doses of R. graveolens (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced oedema over the 4 h period of testing. R. graveolens (100 -400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced E. coli-induced pyrexia over the 5 h period of testing. Given together, the lowest dose of R. graveolens (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and pentoxifylline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in pyrexia induced by E. coli (50 µg/kg, i.m.) over the 5 h period of measurement. The LD₅₀ value obtained for R. graveolens was greater than 4000mg/kg (p.o), suggesting that the plant species may be safe in or nontoxic to mice.

Conclusion

The data obtained indicate that R. graveolens has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, justifying the use of the plant species by traditional medicine practitioners in the management and treatment of pain, inflammation and fever.