Modulation of infection-induced inflammation and locomotive deficit and longevity in senescence-accelerated mice-prone (SAMP8) model by the oligomerized polyphenol Oligonol.

Oligonol is produced from the oligomerization of polyphenols (typically proanthocyanidin from a variety of fruits such as lychees, grapes, apples, persimmons, etc.) and contains catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins. The ability of Oligonol to affect infection-dependent eye inflammation, locomotion and longevity in senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) (a model of senescence acceleration and geriatric disorders with increased oxidative stress and neuronal deficit) was investigated. Oligonol (60mg/kg) significantly modulated the extent of inflammation scores in the eye of SAMP8 mice. Examination of the mice indicated infection with mouse hepatitis virus and pinworm (Syphacia obvelata) in both males and females and with the intestinal protozoa (trichomonad) in males. A comparison of the two groups (using log-rank test) and the difference in the mean life span between groups (using Student's t-test) indicated significant differences in survival (p=0.043) and the mean life span (p=0.033) in male SAMP8 mice. Oligonol increased the mean life span and this was statistically significant. In the open-field locomotive test, the 7-week-old SAMP8 mice crossed more than 40 partitioned lines in 1min. At 48-week-old control untreated male SAMP8 crossed 2 lines. The Oligonol-treated 48-week-old male SAMP8 mice crossed 17 lines however. The improved locomotive activity was statistically significant even after 36weeks in the Oligonol-treated male SAMP8 but this was not the case throughout the time course of the study in the Oligonol-treated female SAMP8. Thus Oligonol treatment to SAMP8 mice modulated the severity of infection-dependent inflammation, prolonged life-span and significantly improved locomotive activity indicating potential benefit to aging-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. This presents potential for further research to define infection-dependent inflammation associated with degenerative conditions and the molecular mechanism of dietary antioxidant protection.     

视盘血管炎的治疗

目的：研究视盘血管炎的发病机制,病因,病程经过,治疗方法及预后。方法：系统治疗和观察了视盘血管炎４６例,其中视乳头水肿２６例、３０眼,中央静脉血栓型２０例、２０眼。对患者视力、视野、眼压、视乳头改变、眼底荧光血管造影及血象等进行了检查。对视乳头水肿型行ＣＴ颅脑扫描,眼压测量和脑脊液检查以除外颅内病变。所有患者均予以抗感染和抑制免疫反应疗法。结果：患者均在１８个月内治愈。视乳头水肿型视盘血管炎半数视     

1999～2001年我院抗感染药物应用分析

目的：了解抗感染药物使用情况，分析用药趋势，为药品管理、合理使用及生产企业决策提供依据。方法：对我院1999—2001年各年度抗感染药物种类、用量、金额和DDDs等进行归类、统计、比较和分析。结果：我院各年度抗感染药物消耗金额均低于全国平均水平，用药金额比例占前3位的分别是头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类和复方β—内酰胺酶抑制剂类。青霉素钠在各年度用药频度均居首位。不同类别的药物用药趋势不同。结论：我院抗感染药物的应用基本合理，不同类别药物的应用趋势对于医院药品管理、合理使用及生产企业决策具有参考价值。     

我院242例药品不良反应报告分析

目的了解我院药品不良反应(ADR)发生特点,促进临床合理用药。方法对我院2002年7月1日～2003年6月30日收集到的242例ADR报告分别从药物种类、抗感染药物类别、涉及的器官系统、给药途径及患者年龄等方面进行统计分析。结果242例ADR中,主要与抗感染药物使用、中药注射剂的质量、静脉给药方式、患者年龄偏大有关,ADR最常见表现为皮肤及其附件损害。结论应合理使用抗感染药物,加强对中药注射剂的质量监督,以减少ADR的发生。     

三种抗生素治疗严重烧伤感染的效果对比分析

目的 :比较头孢他啶、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦与亚胺培南 西拉司丁 3种抗生素治疗严重烧伤感染的效果。方法 :选择严重烧伤患者90例 ,随机分为头孢他啶、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦和亚胺培南 西拉司丁 3组 ,每组各 3 0例。头孢他啶和头孢哌酮 舒巴坦组均为每次 1g ,静脉滴注 ,每日 3次 ,疗程 4～ 6天 ;亚胺培南 西拉司丁组每次 0 5g ,静脉滴注 ,每日 3次 ,疗程 4～ 6天。所有患者创面均做分泌物细菌培养、菌种鉴定和药敏试验。结果 :头孢他啶、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦及亚胺培南 西拉司丁组有效率分别为 60 0 %、73 3 %及93 3 % ;共培养细菌 2 0 0株 ,其中以铜绿假单胞菌 ( 3 0 5 % )和金黄色葡萄球菌 ( 2 2 0 % )最为常见。所有革兰阴性杆菌对头孢他啶、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦和亚胺培南 西拉司丁的敏感率分别为 69 0 %、76 0 %与 94 0 % ,所有革兰阳性球菌对头孢他啶、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦和亚胺培南 西拉司丁的敏感率分别为 68 0 %、70 0 %与 94 0 %。结论 :严重烧伤感染患者选择亚胺培南 西拉司丁的治疗效果优于头孢他啶和头孢哌酮 舒巴坦 ,亚胺培南 西拉司丁可作为治疗严重烧伤感染的首选药物     

Comparative antibacterial activity of topical antiseptic eardrops against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and quinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ObjectiveAural irrigation using antiseptic solutions can be an effective medical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) owing to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant CSOM infections. In the present study, we compared the antimicrobial activities of 100% Burow's solution, 50% Burow's solution, 2% acetic acid, vinegar with water (1:1), and 4% boric acid solution against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), quinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (QRPA), and quinolone-susceptible P. aeruginosa (QSPA) in vitro.MethodsWe examined the antimicrobial activities of five antiseptic solutions against MRSA, MSSA, QRPA, and QSPA. The antimicrobial activities of the solutions were calculated as a percentage of the surviving microorganisms by dividing the viable count in each antiseptic solution with that in control. The time (D₁₀ value) required for each of the five solutions to inactivate 90% of the microorganism population was also investigated.ResultsBurow's solution exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity and the lowest D₁₀ value against MRSA, MSSA, QRPA, and QSPA, followed by 2% acetic acid, vinegar with water (1:1), and 4% boric acid solution.ConclusionOur results indicate that Burow's solution has the most potent activity against bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains. Twofold dilution of the solution is recommended to avoid ototoxicity.     

1585例抗菌药物不良反应报告分析

目的：分析抗菌药物引起的不良反应报告,为临床用药提供警示。方法：对我中心收集的1585例抗菌药物不良反应病例进行分类统计并分析评价。结果：1585例不良反应中,β-内酰胺类抗生素1327例（83.7%）,大环内酯类160例（10.1%）;静脉注射（含滴注）1364例（86.1%）。结论：应合理使用抗菌药物,减少不良反应的发生。     

流感病毒性肺炎线粒体相关生物标志物识别及银翘败毒散潜在作用机制

目的 鉴定识别流感病毒性肺炎（influenza virus pneumonia,IVP）线粒体相关生物标志物及银翘败毒散（Yinqiao Anti-infective Powder,YQAIP）潜在治疗IVP的作用机制。方法 使用机器学习算法[随机森林（random forest,RF）模型、支持向量机（support vector machines,SVM）、分布式梯度增强模型（e Xtreme gradient boosting,XGBoost）、广义线性模型（generalize linear model,GLM）]分析IVP小鼠的4个基因表达数据集（GSE63786、GSE37572、GSE43302和GSE97555）,以识别IVP和线粒体相关的生物标志物。从TCMSP、PubMed、中国知网数据库获取银翘败毒散化学成分。通过分子对接研究IVP相关线粒体基因与YQAIP化学成分的相互作用。将BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,YQAIP低、中、高剂量（相当于生药15、30、60 g/kg）组和奥司他韦组,除对照组外,流感病毒感染小鼠,采用HE染色观察IVP小鼠病理的变化...     

我院177例药物不良反应报告分析

目的 了解我院药物不良反应(ADR)发生特点,促进临床合理用药.方法 对我院ADR监测小组2005年收集的177例ADR报告进行统计与分析.结果 177例ADR中,主要与抗感染药物使用、中药注射剂的质量、静脉给药方式有关,ADR最常见表现为皮肤及其附件损害.结论 应合理使用抗感染药物,加强对中药注射剂的质量监督,以减少ADR的发生.     

老年人复发性尿路感染长疗程治疗疗效观察

目的 设计一种药物轮换、分期、长疗程的治疗方法,以临床治愈为目标,观察该方法对老年复发性尿路感染患者的疗效.方法 将入选患者分为老年组(年龄≥65岁)30例和非老年组48例,选择数种有效抗生素轮换应用.采用分期治疗方法:(1)治疗期:抗生素按常规剂量应用,直至尿常规正常;(2)巩固期:抗生素减量应用;(3)维持期:抗生素减为每晚1次,维持治疗3个月;(4)观察期:停用抗生素,观察半年.上述各分期如尿常规检查有反复,则转为前一期治疗.结果 78例患者中,治愈69例(88.5%),有效7例(8.9%),无效2例(2.6%).老年组分别为28例、1例、1例;非老年组分别为41例、6例、1例,两组治愈率差异无统计学意义(F=0.469,).老年组与非老年组比较,治愈总疗程[(54.8±16.2)周对(44.5±13.7)周,t=2.8467,P＜0.01]、治疗期[(34.3±15.2)周对(26.2±14.8)局,t=2.2081,P＜0.05]、巩固期[(5.7±2.6)周对(4.1±0.2)周,t=3.9369,P＜0.01]均延长;但两组维持期[(14.8±4.6)周对(14.2±3.1)周]比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.6480,P＞0.05).治疗前后两组血常规、肝肾功能均无明显变化.结论 对老年复发性尿路感染患者采用药物轮换、分期、长疗程治疗,治愈率高;但老年组所需治疗时间比非老年组长.未见影响血常规、肝肾功能等不良反应.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.